scholarly journals Measuring What Counts in Life: The Development and Initial Validation of the Fulfilled Life Scale (FLS)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Baumann ◽  
Willibald Ruch
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Mental Well Being

In a recent work, we introduced a theoretical model for fulfillment in life that covers cognitive and affective components and distinguishes different time frames. The present study evaluates this model and describes the construction of the Fulfilled Life Scale (FLS) to assess fulfillment regarding the whole lived life retrospectively. We investigated the scale in two samples (Sample 1: N = 282 adults aged 50–93 years; Sample 2: N = 406 adults aged 40–85 years). The model of the cognitive component combines three sources of fulfillment (self, life, impact/legacy) with three criteria (wholeness, fit, value), yielding nine facets. Employing hierarchical factor analysis, we inspected all solutions between one and nine. We identified three optimal factors, which we labeled unfolded self and life, the worthwhile life, and positive impact and legacy. Next, we selected marker items and replicated the factor structure in Sample 2. The three scales were positively intercorrelated and showed good internal consistency in both samples. For the affective component, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses established a one-factor structure in both samples, and high internal consistency was obtained. Across a range of related constructs, we demonstrated construct and criterion validity. Notably, cognitive and affective fulfillment incrementally predicted a global rating of a fulfilled life and mental well-being, even after controlling for subjective and eudaimonic well-being. Overall, the study proves that the FLS is necessary to capture people’s experience of a fulfilled life, which could not be assessed sufficiently with previous well-being measures. Both cognitive and affective fulfillment were able to predict additional variance in mental well-being. Moreover, the study reveals psychometric support for the FLS and presents the first evidence on its validity. Lastly, applications in research and practice are discussed, especially in the context of living and aging well in the second half of life.

Factor Structure of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Magallares ◽  
Patricia Recio ◽  
Pilar Sanjuán
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Composite Reliability ◽  
Report Measure

AbstractThe Gratitude Questionnaire is a short, self-report measure of the disposition to experience gratitude. The Gratitude Questionnaire has been validated in several countries but its factor structure remains controversial. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Spanish sample. Two samples were recruited (957 and 920 participants). The confirmatory factor analyses showed that the best fit was the five-item model with errors of item four and five correlated (CFI = .99, NFI = .99, RMSEA = .02). This model demonstrated partial cross-validity based on an analysis of factorial invariance. The Composite Reliability of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire was .81. In addition, it was found that gratitude was positively related to subjective and psychological well-being. Specifically, the Gratitude Questionnaire was positively correlated to life satisfaction (r= .56,p< .01), affect balance (r= .46,p< .01), self-acceptance (r= .54,p< .01), positive relations (r= .44,p< .01), autonomy (r= .17,p< .01), environmental mastery (r= .49,p< .01), personal growth (r= .36,p< .01), and purpose in life (r= .50,p< .01). According to the results, it can be concluded that the Spanish version of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire possessed better psychometric properties than the original six-item model.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Revised Sense of Coherence Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Bachem ◽  
Andreas Maercker
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract. The present study introduces a revised Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, a new conceptualization and operationalization of the resilience indicator SOC. It outlines the scale development and aims for testing its reliability, factor structure, and validity. Literature on Antonovsky’s SOC (SOC-A) was critically reviewed to identify needs for improving the scale. The scale was investigated in two samples. Sample 1 consisted of 334 bereaved participants, Sample 2 of 157 healthy controls. The revised SOC Scale, SOC-A, and theoretically relevant questionnaires were applied. Explorative and confirmatory factor analyses established a three-factor structure in both samples. The revised SOC Scale showed significant but discriminative associations with related constructs, including self-efficacy, posttraumatic growth, and neuroticism. The revised measure was significantly associated with psychological health indicators, including persistent grief, depression, and anxiety, but not to the extent as the previous SOC-A. Stability over time was sufficient. The study provides psychometric support for the revised SOC conceptualization and scale. It has several advantages over the previous SOC-A scale (unique variance, distinct factor structure, stability). The scale could be used for clinical and health psychological testing or research into the growing field of studies on resilience over the life span.

scholarly journals Examining the Mental Well-Being of Australian Sport Coaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Carson ◽  
Mary Malakellis ◽  
Julia Walsh ◽  
Luana C. Main ◽  
Peter Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: Research has highlighted the multitude of factors that are negatively associated with coach mental well-being but has failed to investigate how the determinants of mental well-being can affect the coach both positively and negatively. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate levels of mental well-being among sport coaches and assess whether areas of work life—specifically workload and control—are related to levels of mental well-being. Method: An online survey comprising demographic and coaching experience details, the Areas of Work Life Scale (AWS), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale was completed by 464 Australian coaches involved in a range of sports. Differences in coach mental well-being according to key demographic and coaching-related subgroups were assessed using separate t-test and ANOVA analyses and the magnitude of effects was determined using Cohen’s d and the eta-squared (ή2) statistics. Multiple linear regression was used to examine relationships between both workload and control and mental well-being after controlling for age, gender, coaching setting and weekly coaching activity. Results: The findings indicate poorer mental well-being among both male and younger coaches and indicate that coach mental well-being is related to the ability to self-manage the workload associated with their role as a coach as well as greater autonomy over coaching-related tasks and activities. Specifically, a one-unit increase in AWS workload and AWS control were associated with ~three- and ~four-unit increases in coach mental well-being, respectively. Conclusion: Greater provision of resources and education is required to assist coaches to manage their own mental well-being, while being supported by the organisation they coach for. Enabling coaches to balance their coaching requirements and to have control over their environment will improve their ability to constantly coach at a high standard.

scholarly journals Validation of the Italian Versions of the Flourishing Scale and of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401668229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Giuntoli ◽  
Francesco Ceccarini ◽  
Claudio Sica ◽  
Corrado Caudek
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Control

Researchers are divided between those who consider well-being as a single global construct and those who maintain the need to keep the hedonic and eudaimonic components of well-being separate. Diener et al. proposed two separate scales for measuring well-being: the Flourishing Scale (FS) for eudaimonic well-being and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) for hedonic well-being. The aim of this article is to validate the Italian versions of the FS and SPANE, and to provide support for the usefulness of distinct measures of well-being components. In Study 1, we examined an Italian undergraduate student sample ( n = 684), whereas in Study 2 we considered two samples of unemployed ( n = 282) and healthy control individuals ( n = 426). Through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrated that the Italian FS and SPANE obtained strict measurement invariance across administration methods (paper-and-pencil and Internet) and strong measurement invariance across different groups (unemployed individuals seeking work and a healthy control group). In our data, we found a superior fit for a two-factor model over a one-factor model of well-being, which suggests the utility of separate measures of well-being components. Concurrent validity was verified with other well-being, depression, and anxiety measures. Furthermore, we showed that flourishing is more strongly related to the cognitive component of subjective well-being than hedonic affect. In summary, the Italian FS and SPANE are reliable and valid instruments, and may be beneficial in their applications in future Italian studies on well-being.

scholarly journals Compassionate Attributes and Action Scale for adolescents: Adaptation and validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S434-S434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cunha ◽  
C. Rodrigues ◽  
M. Matos ◽  
A. Galhardo ◽  
M. Couto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

IntroductionCompassion can be defined as an intentional sensitivity to the suffering, with a motivation and commitment to try to relieve it, which can have a positive impact on individuals’ emotional and psychological well-being. The relevance of compassion focused therapies is well established and this makes the development of reliable instruments for the assessment of the different facets of compassion targeting different age groups crucial for research and clinical practice. The Compassionate Attributes and Actions Scale (CAAS) aims to assess compassion on three directions: self-compassion, compassion for others or compassion received from others. Each of the scales assesses one's compassionate attributes and compassionate actions separately when dealing with difficult or painful situations.Objective/aimThis study aimed to adapt the CAAS for adolescents and to explore its factor structure and psychometric properties in a sample of Portuguese adolescents.MethodsA total of 336 Portuguese adolescents with ages ranging from 12 to 19 years old participated in the study. Several exploratory factor analyses were conducted.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed that, except for the attributes section of the self-compassion scale (that showed to be bi-factorial), all the other scales (and their sections) presented a single-factor structure. The three scales, and its sections, demonstrated a good reliability and excellent test-retest reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity.ConclusionResults were in line with the factor structure found in the adults’ version. The scales and its sections have shown good psychometric characteristics and constitute a useful instrument to assess and investigate the three directions of the compassion.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Burnout and Online Education: Adaptation and Validation of scale during Pandemic

Telos ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
J. Patricia Muñoz-Chávez ◽  
Rigoberto García-Contreras ◽  
David Valle-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Virtual Tools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education represented a serious alternative to continuing working life in higher education institutions (HEIs). Teachers around the world embraced a new role, adopting and using a wide range of technological and virtual tools to continue performing their activities and with the aim to interact with students and to continue teaching. For this reason, research related to seek and identify factors for the teachers’ well-being is essential for educational leaders. Regarding these ideas, this paper aims to test the construct validity of a Mexican version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) of Maslach et al. (1997), adapted to online education. Participants consisted of 406 Mexican university teachers who emergently switched from traditional to online educational practices during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. In order to test the factor structure of three alternative models based on Szigeti et al. (2016), the authors performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (Ferrando & Lorenzo-Seva, 2018). Results showed that the model with three domain factors has the best fit. Besides, our findings show that the three-factor structure of the Mexican adaptation of MBI-ES is valid and reliable for the analysis of online education because the loading of all factors was representative.

scholarly journals A new measure of feeling safe: Developing psychometric properties of the neuroception of psychological safety scale (NPSS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Morton ◽  
Nicola Cogan ◽  
Jacek Kolacz ◽  
Marek Nikolic ◽  
Calum Calderwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Polyvagal Theory ◽  
Item Reduction ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Two Samples

Objective: Psychological safety is increasingly recognised as central to mental health, wellbeing and post-traumatic growth. To date, there is no psychometrically supported measure of psychological safety combining psychological, physiological and social components. The current research aimed to develop and establish the neuroception of psychological safety scale (NPSS), informed by Polyvagal Theory. Method: The study comprised of three stages: (1) item generation, (2) item reduction, and (3) assessment of factor structure and internal consistency. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted from two samples who completed a survey online (exploratory n = 342, confirmatory n = 455). Results: Initially, 107 items were generated. Item reduction and exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 29-item NPSS with subscales of compassion, social engagement and body sensations. The NPSS was found to have a consistent factor structure and internal consistency. Conclusion: The NPSS is a novel measure of psychological safety which can be used across a range of health and social care settings. This research provides a platform for further work to support and enhance understandings of the science of safety through the measurement of psychological, relational and physiological components of safety. The NPSS will help shape new approaches to evaluating trauma treatments, relational issues and mental health concerns. Research to establish the convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity of the NPSS and to explore its use with diverse community and clinical populations is underway.

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