scholarly journals Psychotic Experiences and Hikikomori in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adult Community Residents in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naonori Yasuma ◽  
Kazuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Nishi ◽  
Hanako Ishikawa ◽  
Hisateru Tachimori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Nationally Representative

Psychotic experiences (PEs) may be associated with hikikomori. In the present study, we analyzed interview data from a community-based representative sample (N = 1,616) in Japan to know the association of PEs over a life time, as well as the two components, hallucinatory experiences (HEs) and delusional experiences (DEs), with lifetime experience of hikikomori (severe social withdrawal). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between any PE, any HE, and any DE; and hikikomori, adjusting for socio-demographics and other psychopathologies (mental disorder in the past 12 months or having autistic spectrum disorder trait). Any PE was significantly associated with hikikomori [odds ratio (OR) =3.44, 95% CI = 1.14–10.33] after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, although the association attenuated after adjusting for other psychopathologies. Any DE remained significantly associated with hikikomori, even after adjustment for all the covariates (OR = 10.50, 95% CI = 1.57–70.29). Any HE was not significantly associated with hikikomori. DEs may be associated with hikikomori. However, because the study sample was small and the temporal association between DEs and hikikomori was unclear, a future study is needed to examine a causal relationship between DEs and hikikomori.

scholarly journals Twitter-Derived Social Neighborhood Characteristics and Individual-Level Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Cross-Sectional Study in a Nationally Representative Sample (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Huang ◽  
Yuru Huang ◽  
Sahil Khanna ◽  
Pallavi Dwivedi ◽  
Natalie Slopen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Nationally Representative

BACKGROUND Social media platforms such as Twitter can serve as a potential data source for public health research to characterize the social neighborhood environment. Few studies have linked Twitter-derived characteristics to individual-level health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the association between Twitter-derived social neighborhood characteristics, including happiness, food, and physical activity mentions, with individual cardiometabolic outcomes using a nationally representative sample. METHODS We collected a random 1% of the geotagged tweets from April 2015 to March 2016 using Twitter’s Streaming Application Interface (API). Twitter-derived zip code characteristics on happiness, food, and physical activity were merged to individual outcomes from restricted-use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with residential zip codes. Separate regression analyses were performed for each of the neighborhood characteristics using NHANES 2011-2016 and 2007-2016. RESULTS Individuals living in the zip codes with the two highest tertiles of happy tweets reported BMI of 0.65 (95% CI –1.10 to –0.20) and 0.85 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI –1.48 to –0.21) lower than those living in zip codes with the lowest frequency of happy tweets. Happy tweets were also associated with a 6%-8% lower prevalence of hypertension. A higher prevalence of healthy food tweets was linked with an 11% (95% CI 2% to 21%) lower prevalence of obesity. Those living in areas with the highest and medium tertiles of physical activity tweets were associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension by 10% (95% CI 4% to 15%) and 8% (95% CI 2% to 14%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Twitter-derived social neighborhood characteristics were associated with individual-level obesity and hypertension in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Twitter data could be used for capturing neighborhood sociocultural influences on chronic conditions and may be used as a platform for chronic outcomes prevention.

Sociodemographic correlates of occupational, recreational and firearm noise exposure among adults in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
A P Knewitz ◽  
M C Simpson ◽  
D A Harris ◽  
J M Sappington ◽  
N Osazuwa-Peters
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo determine sociodemographic factors associated with occupational, recreational and firearm-related noise exposure.MethodsThis nationally representative, multistage, stratified, cluster cross-sectional study sampled eligible National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 20–69 years (n = 4675) about exposure to occupational and recreational noise and recurrent firearm usage, using a weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThirty-four per cent of participants had exposure to occupational noise and 12 per cent to recreational noise, and 13 per cent repeatedly used firearms. Males were more likely than females to have exposure to all three noise types (adjusted odds ratio range = 2.63–14.09). Hispanics and Asians were less likely to have exposure to the three noise types than Whites. Blacks were less likely than Whites to have occupational and recurrent firearm noise exposure. Those with insurance were 26 per cent less likely to have exposure to occupational noise than those without insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95 per cent confidence interval = 0.60–0.93).ConclusionWhites, males and uninsured people are more likely to have exposure to potentially hazardous loud noise.

scholarly journals Predictors of Hospitalization Among Older Adults with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Nationally Representative Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 875-886
Author(s):  
Fahad Alamri ◽  
Yousef Alsofayan ◽  
Yazed AlRuthia ◽  
Ahmed Alahmari ◽  
Yasir Almuzaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated sociodemographic factors in the USA between 2007 and 2012: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Galastri Baraldi ◽  
Euridice Martinez Steele ◽  
Daniela Silva Canella ◽  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesTo compare ultra-processed food consumption across sociodemographic groups and over time (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012) in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012.ParticipantsAll individuals aged ≥2 years with at least one 24-hour dietary recall were included (n=23 847).Main outcome measuresAverage dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (expressed as a percentage of the total caloric value of the diet), obtained after classifying all food items according to extent and purpose of industrial food processing using NOVA classification.Data analysisLinear regression was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics or NHANES cycles and dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods.ResultsAlmost 60% of calories consumed in the period 2007–2012 came from ultra-processed foods. Consumption of ultra-processed foods decreased with age and income level, was higher for non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks than for other race/ethnicity groups and lower for people with college than for lower levels of education, all differences being statistically significant. Overall contribution of ultra-processed foods increased significantly between NHANES cycles (nearly 1% point per cycle), the same being observed among males, adolescents and high school education-level individuals.ConclusionsUltra-processed food consumption in the USA in the period 2007–2012 was overall high, greater among non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks, less educated, younger, lower-income strata and increased across time.

scholarly journals Public perception and characteristics related to acceptance of the sugar-sweetened beverage taxation launched in France in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Florence Vicari ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
Serge Hercberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveIn France, an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages was introduced on 1 January 2012. Our objective was to assess perception of this tax as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of its supporters and opponents.DesignCross-sectional study within the Nutrinet-Santé cohort. A sub-sample of 1996 individuals was selected among participants in the Nutrinet-Santé cohort study. Perceptions of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax were assessed via self-administered questionnaires. The sociodemographic and dietary profiles of supporters and opponents of this tax were explored by multinomial logistic regression.SettingNationally representative French sample, 2012.SubjectsAdults aged >18 years (largest sample n 1996).ResultsHalf of the study sample was generally supportive of the tax and 57·7 % perceived it as helpful in improving population health. Participants were more likely to support the tax model if the revenue it generated would be used for health-care system improvement (72·7 %) and if such taxing was associated with a corresponding decrease in the prices of other foodstuffs (71·5 %). Older participants were more likely to support the tax than were their younger counterparts (OR=2·37; 95 % CI 1·60, 3·49 for >65 years v. 26–45 years; P<0·001). Participants with lower educational levels were less likely to support the tax than were those with more formal education (OR=0·31; 95 % CI 0·19, 0·52 for low educational level v. high education level; P<0·001). In our models, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was not associated with tax perception.ConclusionsThe French sugar-sweetened beverage tax appeared to be favourably perceived by the public. Sociodemographic factors modulated such perceptions and should thus be taken into consideration when drafting future public health measures.

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