scholarly journals Cannabis-Induced Hypodopaminergic Anhedonia and Cognitive Decline in Humans: Embracing Putative Induction of Dopamine Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Blum ◽  
Jag Khalsa ◽  
Jean Lud Cadet ◽  
David Baron ◽  
Abdalla Bowirrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Addiction Medicine ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Epigenetic Research ◽  
Poor Memory

Over years, the regular use of cannabis has substantially increased among young adults, as indicated by the rise in cannabis use disorder (CUD), with an estimated prevalence of 8. 3% in the United States. Research shows that exposure to cannabis is associated with hypodopaminergic anhedonia (depression), cognitive decline, poor memory, inattention, impaired learning performance, reduced dopamine brain response-associated emotionality, and increased addiction severity in young adults. The addiction medicine community is increasing concern because of the high content of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) currently found in oral and vaping cannabis products, the cognitive effects of cannabis may become more pronounced in young adults who use these cannabis products. Preliminary research suggests that it is possible to induce 'dopamine homeostasis,' that is, restore dopamine function with dopamine upregulation with the proposed compound and normalize behavior in chronic cannabis users with cannabis-induced hypodopaminergic anhedonia (depression) and cognitive decline. This psychological, neurobiological, anatomical, genetic, and epigenetic research also could provide evidence to use for the development of an appropriate policy regarding the decriminalization of cannabis for recreational use.

Educational attainment among young adults experiencing homelessness in seven cities across the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 105676
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chassman ◽  
Danielle Maude Littman ◽  
Kimberly Bender ◽  
Diane Santa Maria ◽  
Jama Shelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Spousal Loss and Cognitive Functioning: Do Pre-Loss Marital Quality and Gender Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
Joohong Min ◽  
Jieun Song
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Spousal Loss ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Prior research has found that the risk of cognitive decline increases after the death of a spouse. In general, the impact of life transitions is contingent on contextual factors such as socio-demographic characteristics or relationship quality. However, there is limited research on how marital quality before spousal loss and gender influence the association between spousal loss and cognitive change. The current study examines the effects of spousal loss on change in cognitive functioning as well as the moderating effects of pre-loss marital quality and gender. Data from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were analyzed (MIDUS2: 2004-05, MIDUS3: 2013-14). The analytic sample consists of two groups: (1) 179 bereaved adults who were age 54 or older at MIDUS2 (M = 65.2, SD = 9.5) and whose spouses died between MIDUS2 and MIDUS3, and (2) 179 non-bereaved adults, matched with the bereaved group on age and gender, who did not experience spousal loss between the two waves. Cognitive function was assessed via BTACT (Brief Telephone Adult Cognition Test) at both waves. Regression results show that both pre-loss marital quality and gender significantly moderate the association between spousal loss and change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, relative to their counterparts, men and those who reported better marital relationships prior to spousal death had a greater risk of cognitive decline after a spouse’s death. The findings suggest the significance of pre-loss marital quality and gender for cognitive changes in widowhood and have implications for the development of efficient interventions

The Association Between Problem Recognition, Race/Ethnicity, and Professional Help-Seeking Intentions Across Psychological Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 216769682110004
Author(s):  
Ayanda Chakawa ◽  
Steven K. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Problem Recognition ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Race Ethnicity

While 75% mental health problems emerge by young adulthood, there is a strong reluctance during this developmental stage to seek professional help. Although limitations in mental health literacy, such as incorrect problem recognition, may hinder professional help-seeking intentions, the relationship between these variables has been understudied among young adults in the United States (U.S.) and racial/ethnic differences in help-seeking intentions for specific disorders have not been well explored. Using a vignette-based design, the current study examines the association between psychological disorder recognition and professional help-seeking intentions among 1,585 Black/African American and White/European American young adults. Correctly identifying a psychological disorder was significantly associated with intentions to seek professional help for several disorders and race/ethnicity significantly influenced intentions to seek professional help for some disorders. Implications for ways to address unmet mental health care needs, especially among racially/ethnically diverse young adults, and directions for future research are discussed.

EXPRESS: Supervisor Negative Feedback and Employee Motivation to Learn: An Attribution Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110385
Author(s):  
Lu Xing ◽  
Jian-Min Sun ◽  
Denise Jepsen ◽  
Yejun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Time Lagged

Why do some employees respond well to negative feedback, whereas others respond poorly? We suggest it depends on two factors: First, employees’ attribution of the feedback, or why employees believe their supervisor provides negative feedback in the first place, and second, employees’ core self-evaluation (CSE). These factors have implications for employees’ motivation to learn and learning performance. We tested our hypotheses using two three-wave time-lagged survey data from 370 employees in the United States (Study 1) and 302 hospital nurses in China (Study 2). Results suggest that for employees with high CSE, negative feedback is positively associated with the attribution that the feedback is given for performance-driven purposes (i.e., external attribution), which is in turn positively related to their motivation to learn. For employees with low CSE, negative feedback is positively related to the attribution that the feedback is given for self-serving purposes (i.e., internal attribution). Such attribution is negatively related to motivation to learn (Study 1), which further predicts the increase in their learning performance (Study 2). This study not only extends the theoretical understanding of negative feedback effectiveness, but also offers implications for supervisors to better deliver and for employees to better receive negative feedback.

scholarly journals Trends in survival of patients with Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia in the USA: an analysis of 3691 cases

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (24) ◽  
pp. 4861-4866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano J. Costa ◽  
Ana C. Xavier ◽  
Amy E. Wahlquist ◽  
Elizabeth G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Usa

Key Points Survival of patients with BL improved substantially in the United States during the past decade, mainly among young adults. Survival of patients with BL remains relatively low, particularly for older and black patients, identifying an unmet need.

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