scholarly journals Reducing Addiction in Bipolar Disorder via Hacking the Dopaminergic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Grunze ◽  
Réka Csehi ◽  
Christoph Born ◽  
Ágota Barabássy
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Refractory Depression ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Partial Agonists ◽  
Established Role

The dopaminergic system plays a central and decisive role in substance use disorder (SUD), bipolar disorder (BD), and possibly in a subgroup of patients with refractory depression. Common genetic markers and underlying cellular processes, such as kindling, support the close link between these disorders, which is also expressed by the high rate of comorbidity. Although partial dopamine agonists/antagonists acting on D2 and D3 receptors have an established role in treating BD, their usefulness in SUD is less clear. However, dopamine D3 receptors were shown to play a central role in SUD and BD, making D2/D3 partial agonists/antagonists a potential target for both disorders. This narrative review examines whether these substances bear the promise of a future therapeutic approach especially in patients with comorbid BD and SUD.

scholarly journals Cesarean Hysterectomy in Abnormally Invasive Placenta: The Role of Prenatal Diagnosis

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Cubo ◽  
Ana Villalba Yarza ◽  
Irene Gastaca ◽  
María Victoria Lapresa-Alcalde ◽  
Maria José Doyague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Massive Bleeding ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Cesarean Hysterectomy ◽  
Invasive Placenta ◽  
Postsurgical Recovery ◽  
Dangerous Condition ◽  
Abnormally Invasive Placenta

An abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) is a placenta that cannot be removed spontaneously or manually without causing severe bleeding. It is a dangerous condition associated with a high rate of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality due to the high rate of massive bleeding and visceral injuries. The standardized ultrasound diagnostic criteria have helped improve its early diagnosis, which is essential to plan coordinated actions to reduce associated morbimortality. We present a case report in which ultrasound diagnosis played a decisive role, enabling the coordination of a multidisciplinary team and improving the immediate care of both mother and newborn. Cesarean hysterectomy was performed with minimal blood loss and a good postsurgical recovery.

Comorbidity of Bipolar and Substance Use Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Josh E. Becker ◽  
E. Sherwood Brown
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Very High

Bipolar disorder and substance use disorder co-occur at very high rates. The high rate is likely due to a complex interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors, and some research suggests that use of substances may be to mitigate symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Some studies have shown that men with bipolar disorder may be at a higher risk for a substance use disorder than women. The co-occurrence of these disorders leads to poorer treatment outcomes because of higher rates of suicidality, poor treatment adherence, lower quality of life, and more frequent relapse. This population deserves special treatment consideration.

Dopamine and Migraine: A Review of Pharmacological, Biochemical, Neurophysiological, and Therapeutic Data

Cephalalgia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mascia ◽  
J Qqaacute;fra ◽  
J Schoenen
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Drd2 Gene ◽  
Dopaminergic Agents ◽  
Migraine Pathogenesis

The dopamine theory of migraine pathogenesis, first proposed by F. Sicuteri in 1977, has attracted renewed interest after an increased frequency of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene allele NcoI C was found in patients with migraine with aura. Therefore we reviewed the relevant literature. The most compelling argument favoring an interictal hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors in migraineurs stems from pharmacologic studies of the gastric and autonomic effects of dopaminergic agents such as apomorphine, but none of these studies was blinded and placebo-controlled. Various DRD2 antagonists abort migraine attacks after parenteral administration, while mere is circumstantial evidence that dopamine agonists may be useful for prophylaxis. Most drugs used in these trials, however, lack selectivity for dopamine receptors. Both in pharmacological and therapeutic studies most patients had migraine without aura. We conclude that data suggesting a primary role for the dopaminergic system in migraine pathogenesis are unconvincing. Based on well established interactions between central amines, a reduced release of serotonin between attacks could lower dopamine release which would lead to receptor hypersensitivity.

Exacerbation of SUNCT and SUNA syndromes during intravenous dihydroergotamine treatment: A case series

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Lambru ◽  
Paul Shanahan ◽  
Manjit Matharu
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Conjunctival Injection ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Marginal Improvement ◽  
New Onset

Background The management of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with autonomic symptoms (SUNA) remains challenging in view of the limited understanding of their pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods An initial observation that patients with both chronic migraine (CM) or cluster headache (CH) and SUNCT/SUNA receiving intravenous dihydroergotamine (IV DHE) had complained of dramatic worsening of the latter led to review of the case notes of patients with CM or CH and co-existent SUNCT/SUNA seen between 2008 and 2013 and who had a trial of IV DHE. Results Twenty-four patients were identified. IV DHE was ineffective for SUNCT/SUNA in 16 patients, while one patient reported a marginal improvement. Five patients reported dramatic worsening of the SUNCT/SUNA. Moreover, two patients developed new-onset SUNA during their first IV DHE infusion. Out of these seven patients, those requiring repeated courses of IV DHE consistently experienced exacerbations of SUNCT/SUNA which were suppressed with IV lidocaine. Conclusions DHE is an ineffective treatment option for SUNCT and SUNA. Physicians who intend to offer IV DHE to CH or CM patients should warn them that IV DHE could exacerbate and possibly even lead to a de novo onset of SUNCT/SUNA. In view of the reported worsening or new onset of SUNCT/SUNA in patients using dopamine agonists for the treatment of pituitary prolactinomas, we speculate that DHE might worsen or induce SUNCT and SUNA, at least in a sub-group of patients, through a perturbation in the dopaminergic system.

scholarly journals Bipolar Affective Disorder and Migraine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birk Engmann
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This paper consists of a case history and an overview of the relationship, aetiology, and treatment of comorbid bipolar disorder migraine patients. A MEDLINE literature search was used. Terms for the search were bipolar disorder bipolar depression, mania, migraine, mood stabilizer. Bipolar disorder and migraine cooccur at a relatively high rate. Bipolar II patients seem to have a higher risk of comorbid migraine than bipolar I patients have. The literature on the common roots of migraine and bipolar disorder, including both genetic and neuropathological approaches, is broadly discussed. Moreover, bipolar disorder and migraine are often combined with a variety of other affective disorders, and, furthermore, behavioural factors also play a role in the origin and course of the diseases. Approach to treatment options is also difficult. Several papers point out possible remedies, for example, valproate, topiramate, which acts on both diseases, but no first-choice treatments have been agreed upon yet.

scholarly journals Suicide in bipolar disorder in a national English sample, 1996–2009: frequency, trends and characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clements ◽  
R. Morriss ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
S. Peters ◽  
C. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
High Rate

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) has been reported to be associated with high risk of suicide. We aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of suicide in people with BD in a national sample.MethodSuicide in BD in England from 1996 to 2009 was explored using descriptive statistics on data collected by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness (NCI). Suicide cases with a primary diagnosis of BD were compared to suicide cases with any other primary diagnosis.ResultsDuring the study period 1489 individuals with BD died by suicide, an average of 116 cases/year. Compared to other primary diagnosis suicides, those with BD were more likely to be female, more than 5 years post-diagnosis, current/recent in-patients, to have more than five in-patient admissions, and to have depressive symptoms. In BD suicides the most common co-morbid diagnoses were personality disorder and alcohol dependence. Approximately 40% were not prescribed mood stabilizers at the time of death. More than 60% of BD suicides were in contact with services the week prior to suicide but were assessed as low risk.ConclusionsGiven the high rate of suicide in BD and the low estimates of risk, it is important that health professionals can accurately identify patients most likely to experience poor outcomes. Factors such as alcohol dependence/misuse, personality disorder, depressive illness and current/recent in-patient admission could characterize a high-risk group. Future studies need to operationalize clinically useful indicators of suicide risk in BD.

scholarly journals DNA sequence encodes the position of DNA supercoils

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hyun Kim ◽  
Mahipal Ganji ◽  
Eugene Kim ◽  
Jaco van der Torre ◽  
Elio Abbondanzieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Specific Sequences ◽  
Good Agreement

The three-dimensional organization of DNA is increasingly understood to play a decisive role in vital cellular processes. Many studies focus on the role of DNA-packaging proteins, crowding, and confinement in arranging chromatin, but structural information might also be directly encoded in bare DNA itself. Here, we visualize plectonemes (extended intertwined DNA structures formed upon supercoiling) on individual DNA molecules. Remarkably, our experiments show that the DNA sequence directly encodes the structure of supercoiled DNA by pinning plectonemes at specific sequences. We develop a physical model that predicts that sequence-dependent intrinsic curvature is the key determinant of pinning strength and demonstrate this simple model provides very good agreement with the data. Analysis of several prokaryotic genomes indicates that plectonemes localize directly upstream of promoters, which we experimentally confirm for selected promotor sequences. Our findings reveal a hidden code in the genome that helps to spatially organize the chromosomal DNA.

Notch Signaling & Micro RNAs - two tumblers of neurogenesis and Gliomas

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Javed ◽  
Qamar Raza ◽  
Faiez Ahmad Shah ◽  
Haleema Sadia ◽  
Ayesha Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Mirnas

Abstract Gliomas are one of the most annihilating types of brain tumors having a high rate of annual incidence worldwide. Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway that regulates differentiation and development. Aberrations in Notch signalling pathways lead to severe pathological state such as the Gliomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the tiny molecules less than 200 bps in length and regulate a myriad of cellular processes. Categorically, miRNAs are divided in to oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Accumulating data have identified miRNAs, which positively or negatively regulate Notch signaling in Gliomas. Here, we have assessed status of our understanding of the interplay between miRNA-base regulation of Notch signaling in gliomas, interaction between Notch signaling and other signaling cascades and have also discussed use of natural compounds that will help us get closer to personalized medicine for gliomas. Keywords: Notch signaling; MicroRNA; Therapeutic Targets; Continuous...

Alterations in behavioral responses to dopamine agonists in olfactory bulbectomized mice: relationship to changes in the striatal dopaminergic system

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Takahashi ◽  
Osamu Nakagawasai ◽  
Wataru Nemoto ◽  
Takeharu Nakajima ◽  
Yuichiro Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Responses To Dopamine

Cellular consequences of inositol depletion

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania M. Deranieh ◽  
Miriam L. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism

The inositol-depletion hypothesis was suggested to explain the therapeutic mechanism of mood-stabilizing drugs. Focus was previously on the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway and on the regulatory roles of Ins(3,4,5)P3 and DAG (diacylglycerol). Recent findings indicate that inositol and inositol-containing molecules, including phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates, have signalling and regulatory roles in many cellular processes. This suggests that depleting inositol may lead to perturbation of a wide range of cellular functions, at least some of which may be associated with bipolar disorder.

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