scholarly journals Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Primary Schoolchildren Living in Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa, and Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gerber ◽  
Serge A. Ayekoé ◽  
Johanna Beckmann ◽  
Bassirou Bonfoh ◽  
Kouadio Benal Kouassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

Background: Physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are independent cardiovascular risk factors among children, but have rarely been investigated concurrently in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity (PA) and CRF of primary schoolchildren living in Côte d'Ivoire (CI), South Africa (ZA), and Tanzania (TZ), to test sex- and age-related differences, and to examine whether PA and CRF are associated with each other.Methods: Baseline data from an ongoing cluster-randomized controlled trial were used, including 499 children from CI (Taabo, 49% girls, M = 8.0 ± 1.6 years), 1,074 children from ZA (Gqeberha, 49% girls, M = 8.3 ± 1.4 years), and 593 children from TZ (Ifakara, 51% girls, M = 9.4 ± 1.7 years). PA was assessed by accelerometry and CRF by a 20 m shuttle-run test. The data were analyzed using multi-/univariate analyses of variance and mixed linear models.Results: Most children met recommendations put forward by the World Health Organization for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and achieved high CRF scores. In CI, 89.6% of the children met MVPA recommendations (boys: 91.7%, girls: 87.4%), whereas this rate was 76.9% in ZA (boys: 91.0%, girls: 62.4%), and 93.8% in TZ (boys: 95.5%, girls: 92.0%). Children from TZ had the highest CRF and MVPA levels, followed by children from CI and ZA. Boys had higher MVPA levels than girls, whereas girls engaged in more sedentary behavior. Sex differences were strongest in ZA. Sedentary behavior and MVPA were higher among older schoolchildren compared to their younger peers. Higher MVPA, but not sedentary behavior, was associated with better CRF.Conclusions: In all three settings, higher levels of MVPA were associated with higher CRF scores. Nevertheless, children living in the most urbanized setting (such as observed in ZA) were physically less active and had lower CRF than peers living in more rural areas (such as observed in CI and TZ). Particularly for girls, urbanization might increase the risk for insufficient MVPA, which may have negative effects on their CRF, thus negatively influencing health and well-being at later age.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in Anonkoi 3, a peri-urban area in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Sackou ◽  
Marie L. Tiadé ◽  
Annita A. Hounsa ◽  
Simone K. Malik ◽  
Madikiny Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Hypertension affects more than a quarter of the world adult population, with ruralurban disparities. In Côte d’Ivoire, the prevalence was 21.7% in 2005. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with hypertension in a peri-urban community in Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Anonkoi 3 a peri-urban area in Abidjan. The sample was of 360 subjects aged 18 and older. Behavioral, anthropometric and blood pressure characteristics were determined using WHO STEPS questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression was performed. Prevalence of hypertension was 18.61%. Subjects were low fruit and vegetable consumption (3.3%), low level of physical activity (64.2%) and abdominal obesity at 40%. The risk of hypertension was significant from age 45, in subjects living with a partner and in those with low level of physical activity. Health education programs are essential to prevent cardiovascular risks.

Part 3 The Post 9/11-Era (2001–), 58 The Intervention in Côte d’Ivoire—2011

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tladi Dire
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The United States ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Election Violence

This chapter examines the intervention in Côte d’Ivoire by French and UN Forces following the disputed elections in Côte d’Ivoire. It begins by setting out the facts that led to the 2011 post-election violence and the sets out the facts surrounding the intervention by French and UN Forces. It then sets out the positions of the main protagonists (mainly France, ECOWAS, the United States and the UN Secretariat) and the positions of other member States of the United Nations (in particular Russia, Brazil and South Africa). The chapter then assesses the intervention, in particular by the French forces, against the content of the authorising resolution (UNSC Res 1975). It also assesses whether the responsibility to protect doctrine could provide authority for the intervention.

Observations on the biology of Afro–tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2547 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. W. COCK
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
New Type

Partial life histories for eight Afro–tropical Coeliadinae are described and illustrated: Pyrrhochalcia iphis (Drury) (Côte d’Ivoire), Pyrrhiades lucagus (Cramer) (Ghana), P. anchises anchises (Gerstaecker) (Kenya), Coeliades chalybe chalybe (Westwood) (Côte d’Ivoire), C. forestan forestan (Stoll) (Kenya), C. pisistratus (Fabricius) (Kenya), C. sejuncta (Mabille & Vuillot) (Kenya), C. kenya Evans stat. rev. (Kenya). Descriptions of a further six species or subspecies are provided from the literature: P. anchises jucunda (Butler) (Oman), P. aeschylus (Plötz) (Republic of Guinea), P. pansa (Hewitson) (Réunion), C. bixana Evans (Democratic Republic of the Congo), C. libeon (Druce) (Democratic Republic of the Congo), C. keithloa (Wallengren) (South Africa), C. lorenzo Evans stat. rev. (South Africa). Unpublished photographs provided by T.C.E. Congdon illustrate early stages of C. sp. probably fervida (Butler) and C. rama Evans (Madagascar). Notes based on museum material are presented for C. ramanatek (Boisduval). Generalisations are made for the subfamily in Africa and the implications for generic groupings in the subfamily are considered. All except C. libeon are known4 · Zootaxa 2547 © 2010 Magnolia Pressto feed on at least one species of Malpighiaceae, while C. libeon feeds on at species of at least two other families of Malpigiales. A new type of leaf shelter, the four–cut shelter, is introduced, characteristic of African Coeliadinae.

Phylogenetic analysis of rubella viruses found in Morocco, Uganda, Cote d’Ivoire and South Africa from 2001 to 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Caidi ◽  
Emily S. Abernathy ◽  
Aziz Benjouad ◽  
Sheilagh Smit ◽  
Josephine Bwogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals Acute Coronary Syndromes in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A 10‐Year Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Yao ◽  
Arnaud Ekou ◽  
Thierry Niamkey ◽  
Sandra Hounhoui Gan ◽  
Isabelle Kouamé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background Data in the literature on acute coronary syndrome in sub‐Saharan Africa are scarce. Methods and Results We conducted a systematic review of the MEDLINE (PubMed) database of observational studies of acute coronary syndrome in sub‐Saharan Africa from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2020. Acute coronary syndrome was defined according to current definitions. Abstracts and then the full texts of the selected articles were independently screened by 2 blinded investigators. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses standards. We identified 784 articles with our research strategy, and 27 were taken into account for the final analysis. Ten studies report a prevalence of acute coronary syndrome among patients admitted for cardiovascular disease ranging from 0.21% to 22.3%. Patients were younger, with a minimum age of 52 years in South Africa and Djibouti. There was a significant male predominance. Hypertension was the main risk factor (50%–55% of cases). Time to admission tended to be long, with the longest times in Tanzania (6.6 days) and Burkina Faso (4.3 days). Very few patients were admitted by medicalized transport, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire (only 34% including 8% by emergency medical service). The clinical presentation is dominated by ST–elevation sudden cardiac arrest. Percutaneous coronary intervention is not widely available but was performed in South Africa, Kenya, Côte d'Ivoire, Sudan, and Mauritania. Fibrinolysis was the most accessible means of revascularization, with streptokinase as the molecule of choice. Hospital mortality was highly variable between 1.2% and 24.5% depending on the study populations and the revascularization procedures performed. Mortality at follow‐up varied from 7.8% to 43.3%. Some studies identified factors predictive of mortality. Conclusions The significant disparities in our results underscore the need for a multicenter registry for acute coronary syndrome in sub‐Saharan Africa in order to develop consensus‐based strategies, propose and evaluate tailored interventions, and identify prognostic factors.

scholarly journals Situational analysis of physical education among public primary schools in Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Ayekoe ◽  
Christin Lang ◽  
Gnamien Sylvain Traoré ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
Markus Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Subject ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
National Education ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Background. Physical activity is known to improve health and cognitive function in children. Yet, in Côte d’Ivoire, physical education (PE) receives little attention in the current school curricula due to insufficient time allocation, lack of fresh-up training for teachers, as well as insufficient governmental financial contribution towards school infrastructure, materials and sport facilities. Objective. In the frame of the implementation of a randomized-controlled trial, in which we will examine the effects of a school-based physical activity and multi-micronutrient supplementation intervention on primary school children in Côte d’Ivoire, we carried out a situational analyses of PE in eight randomly selected public primary schools in Taabo, Côte d’Ivoire, from November 2019 to March 2020 in advance. Methods. First, the study comprised a systematic observation of the school environment. Second, guided interviews were conducted with the Inspection of the Ministry of National Education of Taabo, and the general inspectorate of national education in charge of PE and sport at Abidjan. The primary focus in these interviews was placed on primary school organization, training of teachers, time allocated to PE in the official schedule, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the PE curriculum. Third, eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 40 teachers and 8 school principals focusing on the PE program, teacher`s perception and motivation towards teaching PA. Fourth, we carried out cost analysis to estimate the required financial resources for basic school infrastructure (sport fields), teacher salary and consumables, sport materials and equipment, which are required to meet minimal standards for implementing quality PE at public primary schools in rural Côte d’Ivoire. Last, we implemented a participatory dialog with an educational inspector, school teachers and principals to improve the situation of PE in Taabo. FGD transcriptions were transferred to MAXQDA for analysis. Results. In line with the national curricula, teachers perceive PE to be important for children’s motor and social learning. Despite this importance, PE remains a neglected school subject. The main reasons stated were (i) significant reduction of PE lessons per week in favour of academic subjects, (ii) lack of training, (iii) insufficient sports facilities and equipment, and (iv) absence of an evaluation guideline on how to grade a child`s PE performance. Our financial appraisal reveals that a minimum investment of FCFA 2’710’000 (~ US $ 5’000) per school is needed to establish a basic infrastructure at each school and to empower teachers to conduct standardised and quality PE in this area.Discussion. The promotion of PE is currently not a key educational target in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, the neglected importance at national level perpetuates the marginalized status of PE. Overall, teachers claim that the lack of support in a setting without proper facilities, equipment, and personal skills hampers their motivation to implement PE. Conclusion. In order to initiate a change to the current situation, evidence on the overall health benefits and academic performance of regular physical activity among primary school children is urgently needed to highlight the importance of this neglected school subject to education authorities

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