scholarly journals μRALP and Beyond: Micro-Technologies and Systems for Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Laser Microsurgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo S. Mattos ◽  
Alperen Acemoglu ◽  
André Geraldes ◽  
Andrea Laborai ◽  
Andreas Schoob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Laser Microsurgery ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Current State ◽  
Endoscopic Laser ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Available Technology

Laser microsurgery is the current gold standard surgical technique for the treatment of selected diseases in delicate organs such as the larynx. However, the operations require large surgical expertise and dexterity, and face significant limitations imposed by available technology, such as the requirement for direct line of sight to the surgical field, restricted access, and direct manual control of the surgical instruments. To change this status quo, the European project μRALP pioneered research towards a complete redesign of current laser microsurgery systems, focusing on the development of robotic micro-technologies to enable endoscopic operations. This has fostered awareness and interest in this field, which presents a unique set of needs, requirements and constraints, leading to research and technological developments beyond μRALP and its research consortium. This paper reviews the achievements and key contributions of such research, providing an overview of the current state of the art in robot-assisted endoscopic laser microsurgery. The primary target application considered is phonomicrosurgery, which is a representative use case involving highly challenging microsurgical techniques for the treatment of glottic diseases. The paper starts by presenting the motivations and rationale for endoscopic laser microsurgery, which leads to the introduction of robotics as an enabling technology for improved surgical field accessibility, visualization and management. Then, research goals, achievements, and current state of different technologies that can build-up to an effective robotic system for endoscopic laser microsurgery are presented. This includes research in micro-robotic laser steering, flexible robotic endoscopes, augmented imaging, assistive surgeon-robot interfaces, and cognitive surgical systems. Innovations in each of these areas are shown to provide sizable progress towards more precise, safer and higher quality endoscopic laser microsurgeries. Yet, major impact is really expected from the full integration of such individual contributions into a complete clinical surgical robotic system, as illustrated in the end of this paper with a description of preliminary cadaver trials conducted with the integrated μRALP system. Overall, the contribution of this paper lays in outlining the current state of the art and open challenges in the area of robot-assisted endoscopic laser microsurgery, which has important clinical applications even beyond laryngology.

scholarly journals Robot-assisted gait training for stroke patients: current state of the art and perspectives of robotics

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 1303-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Morone ◽  
Stefano Paolucci ◽  
Andrea Cherubini ◽  
Domenico De Angelis ◽  
Vincenzo Venturiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Critical Review: digital resolution biomolecular sensing for diagnostics and life science research

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 2816-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglan Huang ◽  
Nantao Li ◽  
Hanyuan Zhang ◽  
Congnyu Che ◽  
Fu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Life Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Life Science Research ◽  
Biomolecular Sensing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Digital Resolution ◽  
Available Technology

We review the current state-of-the-art in the field of digital resolution biosensing, describing the capabilities of commercially available technology platforms, as well as those have been described in published literature.

scholarly journals Modelling Neuromuscular Diseases in the Age of Precision Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Alfina A. Speciale ◽  
Ruth Ellerington ◽  
Thomas Goedert ◽  
Carlo Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Clinical Phenotyping

Advances in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, coupled with technological developments and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms of pathogenesis are paving the way for a growing role of precision medicine in the treatment of a number of human conditions. The goal of precision medicine is to identify and deliver effective therapeutic approaches based on patients’ genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the exception of cancer, neurological diseases provide the most promising opportunity to achieve treatment personalisation, mainly because of accelerated progress in gene discovery, deep clinical phenotyping, and biomarker availability. Developing reproducible, predictable and reliable disease models will be key to the rapid delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine. Here we summarize the current state of the art of preclinical models for neuromuscular diseases, with particular focus on their use and limitations to predict safety and efficacy treatment outcomes in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans

Separations ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naccarato ◽  
Tagarelli
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Future Potential

The present review aims to describe the recent and most impactful applications in pollutant analysis using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology in environmental, food, and bio-clinical analysis. The covered papers were published in the last 5 years (2014–2019) thus providing the reader with information about the current state-of-the-art and the future potential directions of the research in pollutant monitoring using SPME. To this end, we revised the studies focused on the investigation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and emerging pollutants (EPs) including personal care products (PPCPs), in different environmental, food, and bio-clinical matrices. We especially emphasized the role that SPME is having in contaminant surveys following the path that goes from the environment to humans passing through the food web. Besides, this review covers the last technological developments encompassing the use of novel extraction coatings (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, PDMS-overcoated fiber), geometries (e.g., Arrow-SPME, multiple monolithic fiber-SPME), approaches (e.g., vacuum and cold fiber SPME), and on-site devices. The applications of SPME hyphenated with ambient mass spectrometry have also been described.

scholarly journals State of the art in esophagectomy: robotic assistance in the abdominal phase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline M. de Groot ◽  
Lucas Goense ◽  
Jelle P. Ruurda ◽  
Richard van Hillegersberg
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Robotic Assistance ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Quality Evidence

AbstractOver the years, robot-assisted esophagectomy gained popularity. The current literature focused mainly on robotic assistance in the thoracic phase, whereas the implementation of robotic assistance in the abdominal phase is lagging behind. Advantages of adding a robotic system to the abdominal phase include robotic stapling and the increased surgeon’s independency. In terms of short-term outcomes and lymphadenectomy, robotic assistance is at least equal to laparoscopy. Yet high quality evidence to conclude on this topic remains scarce. This review focuses on the evidence of robotic assistance in the abdominal phase of esophagectomy.

scholarly journals USE OF ROBOTS IN DENTISTRY. PART 1. ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR TRAINING DENTAL STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mikhailovich Ukhanov ◽  
A. V Ivashchenko ◽  
I. M Fedyaev ◽  
A. E Yablokov ◽  
I. N Kolganov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Robot Assisted

Introduction. The first use of the robot in surgery occurred in 1985. The PUMA 560 robot was used to position a needle for a brain biopsy according to a CT scan [2,4,5]. In 1994, Computer Motion’s surgical robotic system, Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP), was the first in the United States to receive permission for use in surgical practice from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Purpose. To analyze the literature and patent sources and propose a preliminary classification of the range of application of robot-assisted systems in medicine. Material and methods. Analyzed and systematized the field of application of robot-assimilated systems (RAS) in medicine, as well as the possibility of using the application of RAS for training specialists. Findings. In our opinion, the development of robot-assisted systems should include the improvement of methods of intraoperative imaging, diagnostic tools, the improvement of surgical instruments, as well as the emergence of new robot-assisted developments. We assume that the future of medical operational technologies is beyond mechatronic devices, but the use of these systems requires a rational approach. The use of this equipment is justified only in the case when it is impossible or significantly difficult to carry out the operation by a doctor.

scholarly journals Optimization-Based Constrained Trajectory Generation for Robot-Assisted Stitching in Endonasal Surgery

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jacinto Colan ◽  
Jun Nakanishi ◽  
Tadayoshi Aoyama ◽  
Yasuhisa Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Generation ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Constrained Motion ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Endoscopic View ◽  
Surgical Tool ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Needle Trajectory

The reduced workspace in endonasal endoscopic surgery (EES) hinders the execution of complex surgical tasks such as suturing. Typically, surgeons need to manipulate non-dexterous long surgical instruments with an endoscopic view that makes it difficult to estimate the distances and angles required for precise suturing motion. Recently, robot-assisted surgical systems have been used in laparoscopic surgery with promising results. Although robotic systems can provide enhanced dexterity, robot-assisted suturing is still highly challenging. In this paper, we propose a robot-assisted stitching method based on an online optimization-based trajectory generation for curved needle stitching and a constrained motion planning framework to ensure safe surgical instrument motion. The needle trajectory is generated online by using a sequential convex optimization algorithm subject to stitching kinematic constraints. The constrained motion planner is designed to reduce surrounding damages to the nasal cavity by setting a remote center of motion over the nostril. A dual concurrent inverse kinematics (IK) solver is proposed to achieve convergence of the solution and optimal time execution, in which two constrained IK methods are performed simultaneously; a task-priority based IK and a nonlinear optimization-based IK. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method in a stitching experiment with our surgical robotic system in a robot-assisted mode and an autonomous mode in comparison to the use of a conventional surgical tool. Our results demonstrate a noticeable improvement in the stitching success ratio in the robot-assisted mode and the shortest completion time for the autonomous mode. In addition, the force interaction with the tissue was highly reduced when using the robotic system.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Umbral Calculus

10.37236/24 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Bucchianico ◽  
D. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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