scholarly journals Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Vary With Climatic Stress: Evidence From Three Regions of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. McKinley ◽  
Jeffrey T. LaFrance ◽  
Valerien O. Pede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Public Response ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Multivariate Probit Models

Vietnam faces several adverse climatic stresses such as increases in temperature, drought, flooding, saltwater intrusion, and sea-level rise. Past research on climate change adaptation in Vietnam has highlighted that climatic stresses and challenges faced by populations vary across the country. In this study, we are interested to know if autonomous responses also vary, depending on which stress individuals are responding to. To answer this question, we use primary-collected data of 1,306 individuals from the Mekong River Delta, Central Vietnam, and the Red River Delta. Adaptation choices of these individuals are analyzed at two levels: the household-level and the agricultural-level. We estimate multivariate probit models by Geweke-Hajivassilou-Keane (GHK) simulated maximum likelihood methods. Our results show that climate change adaptations vary depending on which stresses individuals are responding to. At the household level, droughts and floods have the strongest effect on climate change adaptation. However, adaptations at the agricultural level depend more on the impacts of the stress and less so on the climatic strss itself. Understanding what climatic stresses are already eliciting a response, and what adaptations are being used by individuals, is invaluable for designing successful climate change policies. This understanding can also help policymakers identify where gaps exist in individual climate change adaptations and fill these gaps with a public response.

Climate Change and Land Use Change of Rural Households in The Red River Delta, Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Ngoc Luu Bich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Farming Households

Climate change (CC) and its impacts on the socio-economy and the development of communities has become an issue causing very special concern. The rise in global temperatures, in sea levels, extreme weather phenomena, and salinization have occurred more and more and have directly influenced the livelihoods of rural households in the Red River Delta – one of the two regions projected to suffer strongly from climate change in Vietnam. For farming households in this region, the major and traditional livelihoods are based on main production materials as agricultural land, or aquacultural water surface Changes in the land use of rural households in the Red River Delta during recent times was influenced strongly by the Renovation policy in agriculture as well as the process of industrialization and modernization in the country. Climate change over the past 5 years (2005-2011) has started influencing household land use with the concrete manifestations being the reduction of the area cultivated and the changing of the purpose of land use.

scholarly journals Boswellia and Commiphora Species as a Resource Base for Rural Livelihood Security in the Horn of Africa: A Systematic Review

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan ◽  
Glover ◽  
Luukkanen ◽  
Kanninen ◽  
Jamnadass
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Social Science Citation Index ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Rural Livelihood

The dryland vegetation and particularly the Acacia-Commiphora woodlands support the livelihoods of approximately 52 million rural households in the Horn of Africa. Aromatic resins are valuable non-wood forest products (NWFPs) derived from Boswellia and Commiphora species in the drylands of this region. The study seeks to answer the following main questions: “What are the ecological and livelihood roles of resin producing species, and the role that people have in either degrading or restoring these ecosystems?” “Who are the participants in frankincense and myrrh production, processing, and trade, and how do these people interact?” “What is the current and potential future economic impact of frankincense and myrrh production and trade at the household level?” “What are the barriers to enhanced economic outcomes?” The study involves the use of PRISMA method—a systematic methodology to identify, select and analyze the recent literature on aromatic resins in relation to such factors as socio-economic situation, livelihood security, value chain, climate change adaptation, ecology and sustainable development in the Horn of Africa. Systematic identification of publications was conducted using several sources, including but not limited to electronic databases for literature search. Web of Science, Social Science Citation Index and Google Scholar and various scientific journals were investigated using search terms and restrictions. A total of 991 references were retrieved, but literature only published between 2003 to 2017 was selected, which led to the use of 51 works for full-text assessment. The results indicate that of the 51 selected studies, 45% focused on ecology and sustainable management, 31% on economic contribution and livelihood security, 20% on production and value chain development, and 4% on climate change adaptation and mitigation. It could be concluded that farmers’ adoption of Boswellia and Commiphora species as economic tree crops in the Horn of Africa has a distinct role in biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation by contributing to the sustainability of ecosystem functioning as well as improving household incomes and the rural livelihood security in general, and thereby facilitating poverty alleviation.

The discursive construction of adaptation subjects via the Ada Sea Defense System in the Volta River Delta of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame N Owusu-Daaku ◽  
Helen Rosko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Subject Formation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Equitable Outcomes ◽  
Political Realities

As climate adaptation gains international prominence as one means for addressing climate change, it remains critical that just and equitable outcomes are maintained as adaptation technologies are deployed across various target populations. In this vein, subjectivity has been problematized by climate change adaptation scholars as a concept that needs further attention to understand the political nature of climate change adaptation. Extending frameworks of environmentality to cases of climate change adaptation, we engage the term adaptation subjects to distinguish individuals whose interests and desires align with broader understandings and goals of climate change adaptation. In this research, we situate the co-production of livelihoods and climate change adaptation interventions as projects of rule to understand subject-formation. Such an analysis allows for a move beyond econocentric framings of livelihoods that privilege material outcomes to also engage with the socio-political realities of these livelihoods and climate change adaptation more broadly. We apply the Livelihoods as Intimate Government approach to a case study of the Ada Sea Defense System in the Ada East District of the Volta River Delta of Ghana as a climate change adaptation project of rule, in order to illustrate the ways this adaptation technology discursively constructs (or not) different residents as adaptation subjects. Understanding the Ada Sea Defense System as a technology of adaptation constituted through socio-political practices has the potential to promote justice and equity when designing, implementing and evaluating such technologies in the future.

scholarly journals Land Consolidation at the Household Level in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Thi Ha Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Quynh Nhu Thai ◽  
Van Tuan Tran ◽  
Thi Phin Pham ◽  
Quang Cuong Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Incomes

Land consolidation is an effective solution for the hindrances in agricultural production and rural development caused by land fragmentation. In the Red River Delta of Vietnam, where land is still highly fragmented, the application of land consolidation is required. By using a bottom-up approach, the paper aims to clarify the effect of land consolidation on farm households in selected communities (as case studies) of two provinces (Hung Yen and Vinh Phuc) in the Red River Delta. With the primary structured and semi-structured interview method, 172 household questionnaires and 22 in-depth questionnaires (from local officials) were collected. The results indicated that land consolidation could either change the spatial structure or expand the area of land parcels, facilitate the conversion of crop structure, increase household incomes, accelerate mechanization in agricultural production, and create more job opportunities for agricultural laborers. However, we also found that the land consolidation process conducted in the case studies is inadequate and lacks integration with other related policies.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Intention to Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture in the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve (Vietnam): A Combination of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2993 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Anh Luu ◽  
An Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Anh Trinh ◽  
Van Tuan Pham ◽  
Ba Bien Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Red River ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Climate Risks

Coastal communities living in the low delta areas of Vietnam are increasingly vulnerable to tropical storms and related natural hazards of global climate change. Particularly in the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve (RRDBR), farmers change the crop structure and diversify agricultural systems to adapt to the changing climate. The paper deals with a quantitative approach combined with behavior theories and surveyed data to analyze farmers’ intention to climate change adaptation in agriculture. Based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), seven constructs are developed to a questionnaire surveying 526 local farmers: risk perception, belief, habit, maladaptation, subjective norm, adaptation assessment, and adaptation intention. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is implemented to extract eight factors and to quantify the relationship between protective behavior factors with the adaptation intention of the surveyed farmers. Two bootstrap samples of sizes 800 and 1200 are generated to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The SEM result suggests a regional and three local structural models for climate change adaptation intention of farmers living in the RRDBR. Farmers show a higher adaptation intention when they perceive higher climate risks threatening their physical health, finances, production, social relationships, and psychology. In contrast, farmers are less likely to intend to adapt when they are subject to wishful thinking, deny the climate risks, or believe in fatalism.

Pond culture in the Red River Delta, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Food ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
On Farm

Abstract The Red River Delta (RRD) in north Vietnam, one of the most densely populated areas in the world with over 1000 people per km2, has a traditional small-scale integrated farming system known locally as VAC in which a polyculture of carps is raised in household-level ponds in association with livestock and crops. VAC is an acronym for the Vietnamese words for garden (vuon), pond (ao) and livestock quarters (chuong). There are diverse linkages between VAC subsystems which vary with agroecological zone. The importance of VAC has long been recognized for household food security and increasingly as a source of income as the rice-based economy is diversified. Research with farmers has improved the efficiency of use of on-farm and locally available resources in VAC with extrapolated fish yields of 3-4 t ha-1 in the 700-1000 m2 ponds, giving cost:benefit ratios of 1:2.7-2.8.

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