scholarly journals Exposing the Barcoding Void: An Integrative Approach to Study Snail-Borne Parasites in a One Health Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Schols ◽  
Aspire Mudavanhu ◽  
Hans Carolus ◽  
Cyril Hammoud ◽  
Kudzai C. Muzarabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Trematode Infections

Trematodes are snail-borne parasites of major zoonotic importance that infect millions of people and animals worldwide and frequently hybridize with closely related species. Therefore, it is desirable to study trematodiases in a One Health framework, where human and animal trematodes are considered equally important. It is within this framework that we set out to study the snail and trematode communities in four artificial lakes and an abattoir in Zimbabwe. Trematode infections in snails were detected through multiplex PCR protocols. Subsequently, we identified snails by sequencing a partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment, and trematodes (adults from the abattoir and larval stages detected in snails) using COI and nuclear rDNA markers. Of the 1,674 collected snails, 699 were molecularly analyzed, in which we identified 12 snail and 19 trematode species. Additionally, three parasite species were sampled from the abattoir. Merely four trematode species were identified to species level through COI-based barcoding. Moreover, identification of members of the superfamilies Opisthorchioidea and Plagiorchioidea required a phylogenetic inference using the highly conserved 18S rDNA marker, as no related COI reference sequences were present in public databases. These barcoding challenges demonstrate a severe barcoding void in the available databases, which can be attributed to the neglected status of trematodiases. Adding to this, many available sequences cannot be used as different studies use different markers. To fill this gap, more studies on African trematodes, using a standardized COI barcoding region, are desperately needed.

Effects of interspecific competition on asexual proliferation and clonal genetic diversity in larval trematode infections of snails

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. KEENEY ◽  
S. BOESSENKOOL ◽  
T. M. KING ◽  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Trematode Infections ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

SUMMARYInteractions among different parasite species within hosts can be important factors shaping the evolution of parasite and host populations. Within snail hosts, antagonistic interactions among trematode species, such as competition and predation, can influence parasite abundance and diversity. In the present study we examined the strength of antagonistic interactions between 2 marine trematodes (Maritrema novaezealandensis and Philophthalmus sp.) in naturally infected Zeacumantus subcarinatus snails. We found approximately the same number of snails harbouring both species as would be expected by chance given the prevalence of each. However, snails infected with only M. novaezealandensis and snails with M. novaezealandensis and Philophthalmus sp. co-occurring were smaller than snails harbouring only Philophthalmus sp. In addition, the number of Philophthalmus sp. rediae was not affected by the presence of M. novaezealandensis sporocysts and the within-host clonal diversity of M. novaezealandensis was not influenced by the presence of Philophthalmus sp. Our results suggest that antagonistic interactions may not be a major force influencing the evolution of these trematodes and that characteristics such as host size and parasite infection longevity are shaping their abundance and population dynamics.

scholarly journals Exploring the evolutionary potential of parasites: Larval stages of pathogen digenic trematodes in their thiarid snail host Tarebia granifera in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuanpan Veeravechsukij ◽  
Suluck Namchote ◽  
Marco T. Neiber ◽  
Matthias Glaubrecht ◽  
Duangduen Krailas
Keyword(s):  
Snail Host ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Trematode Infections

Minute intestinal flukes from several distinct families of endoparasitic platyhelminths are a medically important group of foodborne trematodes prevalent throughout Southeast Asia and Australasia. Their lifecycle is complex, with freshwater snails as primary intermediate hosts, with infecting multiple species of arthropods and fish as second intermediate hosts, and with birds and mammals including humans as definitive hosts. In Southeast Asian countries, the diversity of snail species of the Thiaridae which are frequently parasitized by trematode species is extremely high. Here, the thiarid Tarebiagranifera in Thailand was studied for variation of trematode infections, by collecting the snails every two months for one year from each locality during the years 2004–2009, and during 2014–2016 when snails from the same localities were collected and new localities found. From ninety locations a total of 15,076 T.granifera were collected and examined for trematode infections. With 1,577 infected snails the infection rate was found to be 10.46 %. The cercariae were categorized into fifteen species from eight morphologically distinguishable types representing several distinct families, viz. (i) virgulate xiphidiocercariae (Loxogenoidesbicolor, Loxogenesliberum and Acanthatriumhistaense), (ii) armatae xiphidiocercariae cercariae (Maritreminoidescaridinae and M.obstipus); (iii) parapleurophocercous cercariae (Haplorchispumilio, H.taichui and Stictodoratridactyla); (iv) pleurophocercous cercariae (Centrocestusformosanus); (v) megarulous cercariae (Philophthalmusgralli); (vi) furcocercous cercariae (Cardicolaalseae, Alariamustelae and Transversotremalaruei); as well as (vii) echinostome-type cercariae, and (viii) gymnocephalous-type cercariae. In addition, a phylogenetic marker (internal transcribed spacers 2, ITS2) was employed in generic and infrageneric level classifications of these trematodes, using sequences obtained from shed cercariae isolated from T.granifera specimens of the second study period collected in various regions in Thailand. We obtained ITS2 sequences of cercariae from nine species (of seven types): Loxogenoidesbicolor, Loxogenesliberum, Maritreminoidesobstipus, Haplorchistaichui, Stictodoratridactyla, Centrocestusformosanus, Philophthalmusgralli, as well as from one species each of echinostome cercariae and gymnocephalous cercariae. Thus, this analysis combines the parasites’ data on morphology and geographical occurrence with molecular phylogeny, aiming to provide the groundwork for future studies looking into more details of the parasite-snail evolutionary relationships.

Larval development of Metapenaeopsis barbata (de Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Ronquillo ◽  
Toshio Saisho
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Natural Means

Gravid females of Metapenaeopsis barbata spawned in the laboratory by natural means and the larvae were reared from hatching to postlarval stage at 27·0–29·8˚C and 33·5–34·5 g kg -1 salinity. The larvae metamorphosed into first postlarvae, with a survival rate of up to 98·4%, after about 10 days following hatching and subsistence on only an algal diet of Tetraselmis tetrathele and Chaetoceros gracilis. Six naupliar stages, three protozoeal stages, three mysis stages and the first postlarval stage are described and illustrated. On the basis of morphological characteristics, larval stages of M. barbata can be distinguished from similar stages of closely related species in the family Penaeidae. As inferred from the morphology of the larval feeding apparatus, M. barbata is still a filter-feeder even at the first postlarval stage.

scholarly journals COVID-19 through the One Health lens: adding a missing perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Selbach ◽  
Maarten P. M. Vanhove ◽  
Kim Nørgaard Mouritsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
One Health ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The One

The One Health concept offers an integrative approach to disease and health at the human-animal-environment interface. It has often been suggested to view the COVID-19 outbreak within this framework to better understand and mitigate this global crisis. Here, we discuss how the evolutionary ecology of host-pathogen systems can add a valuable additional perspective to the debate around SARS-CoV-2 and its implications for public health awareness and policy-making. In this context, it is especially important to highlight that changes in nature, such as zoonotic spillover events, are often irreversible, and that humans, while deeply embedded in ecosystems, are intricate ecosystems themselves. A better recognition of the complex biology and evolution of human-parasite interactions will assist our understanding of such zoonoses.

Larval development of the shrimp Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) reared in the laboratory, confirmation of the conspecific status of the two forms

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2579 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDROS NTAKIS ◽  
CHRYSSA ANASTASIADOU ◽  
ROMAN LIASKO ◽  
IOANNIS D. LEONARDOS
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Immature Form ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
First Time

The complete series of larval staging of Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B from Louros estuary was studied in the laboratory and described in detail for the first time. The reared larvae of H. sapphica passed through six zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. The larval monitoring completed when the individuals could be assigned clearly to form A and B via rostra formation. Under the experimental conditions, the average durations of the larval stages were as follows: three days for 1 st and 2 nd stages, three to four days for 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th and 6 th stages, four days for the megalopal stage and 19 to 30 days for immature form A and B individuals. Comparison of the larval morphological characters among the described material and the bibliographic data of closely related species was made and discussed. The offspring of females of the forma A includes forma A and B and the same can be said of the offspring of the forma B. This confirms that the formae A and B are indeed conspecific.

scholarly journals A rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR approach for xenomonitoring of human and animal schistosomiasis in a ‘One Health’ context

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 722-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Schols ◽  
Hans Carolus ◽  
Cyril Hammoud ◽  
Stephen Mulero ◽  
Aspire Mudavanhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
One Health ◽  
Infected Snail ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Trematode Infections

Abstract Studying the epidemiology of schistosomiasis—the most prevalent gastropod-borne human disease and an economic burden for the livestock industry—relies on adequate monitoring tools. Here we describe a molecular assay for detecting human and animal African schistosome species in their planorbid gastropod host (xenomonitoring) using a two-step approach. First, schistosome infections are detected and discriminated from other trematode infections using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that includes a trematode-specific marker (in 18S rDNA), a Schistosoma genus-specific marker (in internal transcribed spacer 2 [ITS2]) and a general gastropod marker (in 18S rDNA) as an internal control. Upon Schistosoma sp. detection, a second multiplex PCR is performed to discriminate among Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma mattheei and Schistosoma bovis/Schistosoma curassoni/Schistosoma guineensis using markers of differential lengths in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. The specificity of these assays was validated with adult worms, naturally infected gastropods and human urine and stool samples. Sensitivity was tested on experimentally infected snail specimens that were sacrificed 10 and 40 days post-infection in order to mimic a natural prepatent and mature infection, respectively. The assay provides a diagnostic tool to support the xenomonitoring of planorbid gastropods for trematode infections in a One Health context, with a focus on the transmission monitoring of schistosomiasis.

THE IDENTITIES OF THREE CLOSELY RELATED WESTERN SPECIES OF PROSIMULIUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Male Pupa ◽  
First Descriptions

AbstractThe identities of three closely related species, Prosimulium dicum, P. exigens, and P. dicentum, described by Dyar and Shannon in 1927, are clarified. Keys for the separation of the adult, pupal, and larval stages of these species are given. Also presented is a brief review of the literature for each species. A redescription of the female and first descriptions of the male, pupa, and larva of P. dicentum are provided and important taxonomic features illustrated. A lectotype is designated for P. dicum.

Parasites of spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius) in the St. Lawrence River: effects of municipal effluents and habitat

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1461-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Marcogliese ◽  
Andrée D Gendron ◽  
Céline Plante ◽  
Michel Fournier ◽  
Daniel Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
St Lawrence River

Parasite communities were examined from spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius (Clinton, 1824)) collected from nine localities in the St. Lawrence River around the Island of Montréal and downstream from its municipal effluents in June and September 1998–2000. A total of 30 taxa were found, the most common being Diplostomum spp. Parasite communities were dominated by digeneans, most of which were larval stages that infect birds as definitive hosts. Mean abundance of the most common parasites varied among localities and years. Component community and mean infracommunity species richness fluctuated within and among years at the various localities. Similarity analyses demonstrated that parasite component communities from the different localities could be partitioned according to season, year, and water mass. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the parasite component communities from the different localities could be distinguished clearly, indicating that the fish in the different localities compose separate populations or stocks. Year, season, and water mass correlated most strongly among the species–environment relationships. The abundance and distribution of parasite species appeared to be subtly influenced by environmental contaminants and urban effluents, leading to slight reductions in parasite diversity. However, the parasite species composition at the various localities more clearly reflected the local food-web structure and biodiversity in terms of the distributions of various invertebrate groups, piscivorous fish, and waterfowl along the St. Lawrence River.

Section 1 Summary—Evolutionary Origins and Transitions in Developmental Mode

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Origins

Abiotic variables and biotic interactions can act on variation in life history traits, ultimately leading to divergence in reproductive mode. Marine invertebrates have a remarkable diversity in such strategies, sometimes even between closely related species. It is this natural diversity that lends itself to employing a powerful comparative approach, both for particular morphological characteristics as well as molecular signatures from developmental genes. For example, complex life histories, where a larval stage is interposed between the embryo and juvenile, likely represent the product of numerous selection pressures, historical and current, that have shaped the diversity of larval stages in extant marine species. In fact, the very question about “what is a larva?” has to be addressed, as it is so intimately connected to bentho-planktonic life cycle and metamorphosis. Furthermore, novel larval types have evolved in particular lineages and larvae have been secondarily lost in others. This in itself creates an interesting and exciting playground to test evolutionary developmental hypotheses....

Stages in the Development of Larval Echinostomes recovered from Schistosome Transmitting Molluscs in Central Africa

1967 ◽  
Vol 41 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bisseru
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Echinostoma Revolutum ◽  
Field Control ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
First Time ◽  
Belgian Congo

The schistosome transmitting molluscs, Physopsis africana and Biomphalaria tanganikanus, from the Belgian Congo, carried the metacercaria of Echinoparyphium recurvatum and of Echinostoma revolutum, which have been recorded for the first time from the Southern half of the African Continent. Further research may indicate their wider distribution in this Continent.Development of the larval stages and heavy encystment of the metacercaria of these echinostomes in the schistosome transmitting molluscs led to death of the snails. The use of other trematode species, particularly echinostomes may offer great prospects in the field control of schistosome transmitting molluscs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document