Effects of interspecific competition on asexual proliferation and clonal genetic diversity in larval trematode infections of snails

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. KEENEY ◽  
S. BOESSENKOOL ◽  
T. M. KING ◽  
T. L. F. LEUNG ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Trematode Infections ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

SUMMARYInteractions among different parasite species within hosts can be important factors shaping the evolution of parasite and host populations. Within snail hosts, antagonistic interactions among trematode species, such as competition and predation, can influence parasite abundance and diversity. In the present study we examined the strength of antagonistic interactions between 2 marine trematodes (Maritrema novaezealandensis and Philophthalmus sp.) in naturally infected Zeacumantus subcarinatus snails. We found approximately the same number of snails harbouring both species as would be expected by chance given the prevalence of each. However, snails infected with only M. novaezealandensis and snails with M. novaezealandensis and Philophthalmus sp. co-occurring were smaller than snails harbouring only Philophthalmus sp. In addition, the number of Philophthalmus sp. rediae was not affected by the presence of M. novaezealandensis sporocysts and the within-host clonal diversity of M. novaezealandensis was not influenced by the presence of Philophthalmus sp. Our results suggest that antagonistic interactions may not be a major force influencing the evolution of these trematodes and that characteristics such as host size and parasite infection longevity are shaping their abundance and population dynamics.

Larval trematode infections in Galba truncatula (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae) from the Brenne Regional Natural Park, central France

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rondelaud ◽  
P. Vignoles ◽  
G. Dreyfuss
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Galba Truncatula ◽  
Digenean Species ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Nearby Region ◽  
Trematode Infections

AbstractAdult Galba truncatula ( ≥ 4 mm in shell height) were collected from 135 habitats for 3 years (2012–2014) to identify parasite species via the study of cercariae, and to determine the prevalence of each digenean infection in relation to the type of snail habitat (six types). A total of 323 infected snails and ten digenean species were noted in the bodies of 11,025 G. truncatula after their dissection. Snails with Calicophoron daubneyi and/or Fasciola hepatica were found in 20.7% and 12.5% of the habitats, respectively, and most of these infected snails were collected from rainwater-draining furrows and pools in meadows. The percentages were lower for snails with Echinostoma revolutum (9.6% of habitats) and Haplometra cylindracea (7.4%), and were less than 5% for those parasitized by any of the other five species of digenean. The highest prevalence of all digenean infections was noted in pools (9.4%), followed by furrows located in meadows (8.3%) and ponds (5.1%). The prevalence noted for each digenean infection varied with the type of habitat. In furrows located in meadows, the infection rate of C. daubneyi in snails (3.5%) was significantly higher than that of F. hepatica (2.2%). In pools, values greater than 1.5% were noted for C. daubneyi, H. cylindracea and Opistoglyphe ranae. In ponds, E. revolutum was the dominant species (prevalence, 2.5%). Parasite species richness in G. truncatula was greater in the Brenne Natural Regional Park than in the nearby region of Limousin (ten instead of eight). The distribution and prevalence of each parasite species were dependent on the type and location of each snail habitat.

Tenure of individual larval trematode infections in an estuarine gastropod

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Ilyanassa Obsoleta ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Trematode Infections

Ilyanassa obsoleta (Mollusca: Gastropoda) is an abundant inhabitant of salt marshes and tidal flats on the east coast of North America. Populations of this snail may be heavily infected by larval trematodes. Three species were observed in this work, Himasthla quissetensis, Lepocreadium setiferoides, and Zoogonus rubellus. Mostly as single-species infections, all occupy snail tissues as parthenitae that produce cercariae, which are released from the snail to infect the next host. By periodically testing snails for cercarial emission, single-species infections are here shown to persist over six summers and double-species infections are also noted to be long-lived. Among the 32 snails followed, 25 released the same (or no) cercariae throughout observation periods averaging three years. The other seven indicated infection changes, but only two of these are judged to reflect actual changes. The probability that a snail changed infection status in this study is thus 2.1% y−1. Ilyanassa obsoleta individuals, and apparently their trematode infections, can persist for decades. Because species colonize and get evicted infrequently, sets of trematode species infecting I. obsoleta individuals (infracommunities) are concluded to be isolationist in character.

Population dynamics of and larval trematode interactions with Lymnaea tomentosa and the potential for biological control of schistosome dermatitis in Bremner Bay, Lake Wanaka, New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Water Plant

AbstractLymnaea tomentosa, the intermediate host of a schistosome which causes schistosome dermatitis in Lake Wanaka, was found to depths of 16 m. The snail recruits in January, lives for up to 21 months, is associated with all water plant species and is found in areas devoid of macroscopic plants. It is host to several trematode species. Avian schistosome infections appear in the spring when echinostome prevalence is low, and a decrease in schistosome prevalence may be correlated with an increase in echinostome prevalence during the summer. A multiple-kind lottery model analysis of parasite species richness implies that interspecific interactions may be occurring in the host snail during the months of December and January.

scholarly journals Exposing the Barcoding Void: An Integrative Approach to Study Snail-Borne Parasites in a One Health Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Schols ◽  
Aspire Mudavanhu ◽  
Hans Carolus ◽  
Cyril Hammoud ◽  
Kudzai C. Muzarabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Trematode Infections

Trematodes are snail-borne parasites of major zoonotic importance that infect millions of people and animals worldwide and frequently hybridize with closely related species. Therefore, it is desirable to study trematodiases in a One Health framework, where human and animal trematodes are considered equally important. It is within this framework that we set out to study the snail and trematode communities in four artificial lakes and an abattoir in Zimbabwe. Trematode infections in snails were detected through multiplex PCR protocols. Subsequently, we identified snails by sequencing a partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment, and trematodes (adults from the abattoir and larval stages detected in snails) using COI and nuclear rDNA markers. Of the 1,674 collected snails, 699 were molecularly analyzed, in which we identified 12 snail and 19 trematode species. Additionally, three parasite species were sampled from the abattoir. Merely four trematode species were identified to species level through COI-based barcoding. Moreover, identification of members of the superfamilies Opisthorchioidea and Plagiorchioidea required a phylogenetic inference using the highly conserved 18S rDNA marker, as no related COI reference sequences were present in public databases. These barcoding challenges demonstrate a severe barcoding void in the available databases, which can be attributed to the neglected status of trematodiases. Adding to this, many available sequences cannot be used as different studies use different markers. To fill this gap, more studies on African trematodes, using a standardized COI barcoding region, are desperately needed.

scholarly journals Quantifying larval trematode infections in hosts: A comparison of method validity and implications for infection success

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. LaFonte ◽  
Thomas R. Raffel ◽  
Ian N. Monk ◽  
Pieter T.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Trematode Infections

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection on Stray Cat and Pet Cat at Blitar Regency, East Java Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Egga Johar Praptanto ◽  
Bambang Purnomo Sunardi ◽  
Budiarto Budiarto ◽  
Agus Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stray Cat

The purpose of this study was to find out the parasite species and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite on stray cat and pet cat at Blitar. In an amount of 90 cats feces were collected from two different types of sample, those are stray cat and pet- cat from three sub-districts located at Blitar Regency. Cats feces were analyzed with native, sedimentation and float techniques. The result showed that prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection on cat at Blitar was amounted to 71% at stray cat and 40% at pet cat. The parasite that was found in this research are Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma sp. and Isospora sp.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Spain: Clonal Diversity and Appearance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Epidemic Clones

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2955-2957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alou ◽  
Mario Ramirez ◽  
César Garcı́a-Rey ◽  
José Prieto ◽  
Hermı́nia de Lencastre
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Analysis of the pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles of 82 pneumococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (RSC) and of 90 co-occurring susceptible isolates indicates a considerable genetic diversity among isolates with RCS and points to a close relation between the two groups. This finding suggests that pneumococci with RCS emerge through independent mutational events.

scholarly journals Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of namorado sandperches, Pseudopercis numida Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 and P. semifasciata Cuvier, 1829 (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae), from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL. Luque ◽  
NN. Felizardo ◽  
LER. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Component Community ◽  
New Host ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Total Length

One hundred and twenty-eight specimens of namorado sandperches, 62 P. numida and 66 P. semifasciata, collected between October 2002 and June 2003 off the Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lat 23° S and Long 42° W), were examined to study their metazoan parasites. Parasite communities of these fish were composed basically of endoparasites, mainly digenean and cestodes species, with low prevalence and abundance but having high parasite species richness values (at the component community level). Among these values, that found for P. numida is the highest so far recorded for marine fishes from the Neotropical Region. Thirty-nine species of metazoan parasites were collected: 36 from P. numida and 28 from P. semifasciata. Twenty-five parasite species were common to both species of namorado sandperches. Pseudopercis numida and P. semifasciata are new host records for all parasite species collected, with the exception of Microcotyle pseudopercis. Choanodera sp., Leurodera decora, Neolebouria georgenascimentoi, and Proctoeces sp. which were recorded for the first time in the South American Atlantic Ocean. Gnathia sp. from P. numida and Scolex pleuronectis from P. semifasciata were the species having the greatest dominance frequency. Parasite abundance in P. numida and P. semifasciata were positively correlated with the host total length. Only in P. numida was parasite species richness correlated positively with the host total length. No significant differences between endoparasite infracommunities of P. numida and P. semifasciata were detected. The ectoparasites of P. numida had higher values for parasite abundance, parasite richness, Brillouin index, evenness index, and Berger-Parker index than those of the ectoparasites of P. semifasciata. Comparisons among all ecto- and endoparasites showed the ectoparasites of P. numida as the most heterogeneous group. Low similarity values were observed among the three types of parasite infracommunities of the two hosts.

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