scholarly journals Case Report: Corpus Callosotomy in a Cat With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy of Unknown Cause

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hasegawa ◽  
Rikako Asada ◽  
Satoshi Mizuno ◽  
Yoshihiko Yu ◽  
Yuji Hamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Corpus Callosotomy ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

A 2-month-old, intact male domestic shorthair cat with dullness, bilateral central blindness, and recurrent epileptic seizures was presented to a local clinic. Seizures were the generalized myoclonic and tonic-clonic type. Phenobarbital was initiated and maintained; however, seizures were not controlled. Other anti-seizure drugs, including levetiracetam, zonisamide, and diazepam, also provided insufficient seizure control with seizures occurring hourly to daily. By 8 months of age, the cat displayed non-ambulatory tetraparesis and deep somnolence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and pre- and post-prandial total bile acid analyses were unremarkable. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) revealed central dominant but generally synchronized spikes and multiple spikes. The cat was diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown cause and was included in a clinical trial of epilepsy surgery. Given the unremarkable MRI and bilateral synchronized EEG abnormalities, a corpus callosotomy was performed at 12 months of age, and partial desynchronization of spikes was confirmed on EEG. Incomplete transection was found in the genu of the corpus callosum on postoperative MRI. After surgery, the mental status and ambulation clearly improved, and seizure frequency and duration were remarkably reduced. Recheck with follow-up EEG and MRI were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Scores of activities of daily living and visual analog scales including cat's and owner's quality of life had also improved considerably. This case report is the first documentation of the one-year clinical outcome of corpus callosotomy in a clinical feline case with drug-resistant epilepsy.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability analysis for the identification of the preictal interval in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Leal ◽  
Mauro F. Pinto ◽  
Fábio Lopes ◽  
Anna M. Bianchi ◽  
Jorge Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Temporal Lobe Seizures ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

AbstractElectrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, lasting hours before epileptic seizures, have been studied in the search for evidence of the existence of a preictal interval that follows a normal ECG trace and precedes the seizure’s clinical manifestation. The preictal interval has not yet been clinically parametrized. Furthermore, the duration of this interval varies for seizures both among patients and from the same patient. In this study, we performed a heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to investigate the discriminative power of the features of HRV in the identification of the preictal interval. HRV information extracted from the linear time and frequency domains as well as from nonlinear dynamics were analysed. We inspected data from 238 temporal lobe seizures recorded from 41 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy from the EPILEPSIAE database. Unsupervised methods were applied to the HRV feature dataset, thus leading to a new perspective in preictal interval characterization. Distinguishable preictal behaviour was exhibited by 41% of the seizures and 90% of the patients. Half of the preictal intervals were identified in the 40 min before seizure onset. The results demonstrate the potential of applying clustering methods to HRV features to deepen the current understanding of the preictal state.

Drug-resistant epilepsy and topiramate: Plasma concentration and frequency of epileptic seizures

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 652-658
Author(s):  
Fabiana Angelo Marques ◽  
Nayara Cristina Perez de Albuquerque ◽  
Marília Silveira de Almeida Campos ◽  
Priscila Freitas-Lima ◽  
André Oliveira Baldoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

scholarly journals Potentially Pathological Alpha-Pattern as a Variant of Vigilance EEG in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Chukhlovin ◽  
Mikhail V. Aleksandrov ◽  
Sergey A. Lytaev ◽  
Vugar R. Kasumov ◽  
Marina E. Pavlovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

As a result of pathomorphosis affecting the mechanisms of electrical activity generation interictal EEG may show reduced epileptiform changes whereas clinically apparent epileptic seizures may be present. In these cases patterns of dominant alpha activity are sometimes recorded on the scalp. In this study variations of alpha activity in patients with refractory epilepsy are classified. A group of 50 refractory epilepsy patients aged between 20 and 55 years who were submitted to Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery in 2014-2017 was included in this study. They underwent scalp EEG as a part of their presurgical assessment. In 12 cases patterns of potentially pathological alpha activity were observed. Three variations of alpha-patterns were described: 1) alpha-rhythm with decreased regional diversity and a marked synchronization in temporal areas; 2) alpha-rhythm with reduced epileptiform complexes integrated into the spindles, 3) decelerated non-rhythmic alpha activity distorted by the higher frequency components. Distinguished varieties of potentially pathological alpha-activity according to their order here represent gradual functional decline of normal thalamo-cortical interaction. Considering clinical manifestation of drug-resistant epilepsy with frequent seizures in these patients, reported varieties of alpha activity can not be interpreted as Landolt’s syndrome (forced normalization of EEG). Invasive electrocorticographic monitoring demonstrated that bursts of sharpened polyphasic waves coinciding with alpha-rhythm on scalp EEG are consistent with epileptic discharges on the brain cortex surface. This allows to think of these components as correlates of epileptic activity. Therefore, on a number of occasions in patients with epilepsy a dissonance between clinical signs and electroencephalographic patterns recorded during restful wakefulness may be observed, when epileptiform components are absent or reduced to nonspecific complexes.

scholarly journals Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: A case Report in a patient presenting with drug-resistant epilepsy and pseudoseizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Schmidt dos Reis Matos Figueiredo ◽  
Thiago Oliveira Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cerebral Hemiatrophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Context: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson (DDM) syndrome is a rare neurological condition, first described in 1933. Characteristics include cerebral hemiatrophy, contralateral hemiparesis, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction, combined into different degrees and patterns. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to perform diagnosis throughout its specific findings. Case Report: A eighteen-year-old female presented to our service with a history of cognitive dysfunction and seizures since early childhood, which persistence even with adequate use of antiepileptic drugs. During Investigation were found signs and symptoms compatible with DDM syndrome, and evidence of pseudoseizures captured in a video electroencephalography monitoring. Conclusion: DDM syndrome is a rare condition that must be part of differential diagnosis in patients with seizures and cerebral hemiatrophy. Management is based on adequate control of seizures and other comorbidities.

scholarly journals “Ictal” Bradyarrhythmias in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Results of Long-Term Heart Rhythm Monitoring

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
S. E. Serdyuk ◽  
K. V. Davtyan ◽  
S. G. Burd ◽  
E. S. Mishina ◽  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Aim      To determine the type and incidence of ictal bradyarrhythmias in patients with drug-resistant types of epilepsy by long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.Material and methods  Subcutaneous ECG monitors programed for recording pauses >3 sec and episodes of bradycardia ≤45 bpm were implanted in 193 patients with persistent epileptic seizures without organic pathology of the myocardium. Recording was activated by the patient/family at the onset of epileptic seizure. The follow-up period was 36 months with visits to the clinic every three months.Results For 36 months of monitoring, 6494 ECG fragments were recorded. Ictal bradycardia was observed in 6.7 % of patients, including ictal asystole in 2.6 % of patients. Episodes of bradycardia and asystole during epileptic seizures were transient and developed significantly more frequently in men, patients with long duration of the disease, bilateral tonic-clonic or focal seizures with disorder of consciousness, during sleep, on the background of treatment with several antiepileptic agents, mostly from the group of potassium channel blockers.Conclusion      Bradyarrhythmias accompanying epileptic seizures are transient and reproducible from seizure to seizure. They reflect functional changes in the myocardium and do not determine the life prediction for patients with epilepsy without organic pathology of the heart.

scholarly journals Microsurgical endoscopy-assisted anterior corpus callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in an adult unresponsive to vagus nerve stimulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Nasi ◽  
Maurizio Iacoangeli ◽  
Lucia Di Somma ◽  
Mauro Dobran ◽  
Alessandro Di Rienzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Corpus Callosotomy ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

scholarly journals Role of high-density EEG (hdEEG) in pre-surgical epilepsy evaluation in children: case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1437
Author(s):  
Michela Quintiliani ◽  
Federico Bianchi ◽  
Filomena Fuggetta ◽  
Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo ◽  
Antonia Ramaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Negative Myoclonus ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Abstract Introduction Electrical source imaging (ESI) and especially hdEEG represent a noninvasive, low cost and accurate method of localizing epileptic zone (EZ). Such capability can greatly increase seizure freedom rate in surgically treated drug resistant epilepsy cases. Furthermore, ESI might be important in intracranial record planning. Case report We report the case of a 15 years old boy suffering from drug resistant epilepsy with a previous history of DNET removal. The patient suffered from heterogeneous seizure semiology characterized by anesthesia and loss of tone in the left arm, twisting of the jaw to the left and dysarthria accompanied by daze; lightheadedness sometimes associated with headache and dizziness and at a relatively short time distance negative myoclonus involving the left hand. Clinical evidence poorly match scalp and video EEG monitoring thus requiring hdEEG recording followed by SEEG to define surgical target. Surgery was also guided by ECoG and obtained seizure freedom. Discussion ESI offers an excellent estimate of EZ, being hdEEG and intracranial recordings especially important in defining it. We analyzed our results together with the data from the literature showing how in children hdEEG might be even more crucial than in adults due to the heterogeneity in seizures phenomenology. The complexity of each case and the technical difficulties in dealing with children, stress even more the importance of a noninvasive tool for diagnosis. In fact, hdEEG not only guided in the presented case SEEG planning but may also in the future offer the possibility to replace it.

scholarly journals Antiseizure Effects of Fully Characterized Non-Psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. Extracts in the Repeated 6-Hz Corneal Stimulation Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Costa ◽  
Lara Senn ◽  
Lisa Anceschi ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Federica Pellati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Convulsive Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Compounds present in Cannabis sativa L. preparations have recently attracted much attention in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Here, we screened two olive oil extracts from a non-psychoactive C. sativa variety, fully characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Particularly, hemp oils with different concentrations of terpenes were administered at the same dose of cannabidiol (25 mg/kg/day orally), 1 h before the 6-Hz corneal stimulation test (44 mA). Mice were stimulated once a day for 5 days and evaluated by video-electrocorticographic recordings and behavioral analysis. Neuronal activation was assessed by FosB/ΔFosB immunoreactivity. Both oils significantly reduced the percentage of mice experiencing convulsive seizures in comparison to olive oil-treated mice (p < 0.050; Fisher’s exact test), but only the oil enriched with terpenes (K2) significantly accelerated full recovery from the seizure. These effects occurred in the presence of reduced power of delta rhythm, and, instead, increased power of theta rhythm, along with a lower FosB/ΔFosB expression in the subiculum (p < 0.050; Duncan’s method). The overall findings suggest that both cannabinoids and terpenes in oil extracts should be considered as potential therapeutic agents against epileptic seizures and epilepsy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document