scholarly journals Antiseizure Effects of Fully Characterized Non-Psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. Extracts in the Repeated 6-Hz Corneal Stimulation Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Costa ◽  
Lara Senn ◽  
Lisa Anceschi ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Federica Pellati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Convulsive Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Compounds present in Cannabis sativa L. preparations have recently attracted much attention in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Here, we screened two olive oil extracts from a non-psychoactive C. sativa variety, fully characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Particularly, hemp oils with different concentrations of terpenes were administered at the same dose of cannabidiol (25 mg/kg/day orally), 1 h before the 6-Hz corneal stimulation test (44 mA). Mice were stimulated once a day for 5 days and evaluated by video-electrocorticographic recordings and behavioral analysis. Neuronal activation was assessed by FosB/ΔFosB immunoreactivity. Both oils significantly reduced the percentage of mice experiencing convulsive seizures in comparison to olive oil-treated mice (p < 0.050; Fisher’s exact test), but only the oil enriched with terpenes (K2) significantly accelerated full recovery from the seizure. These effects occurred in the presence of reduced power of delta rhythm, and, instead, increased power of theta rhythm, along with a lower FosB/ΔFosB expression in the subiculum (p < 0.050; Duncan’s method). The overall findings suggest that both cannabinoids and terpenes in oil extracts should be considered as potential therapeutic agents against epileptic seizures and epilepsy.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability analysis for the identification of the preictal interval in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Leal ◽  
Mauro F. Pinto ◽  
Fábio Lopes ◽  
Anna M. Bianchi ◽  
Jorge Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Temporal Lobe Seizures ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

AbstractElectrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, lasting hours before epileptic seizures, have been studied in the search for evidence of the existence of a preictal interval that follows a normal ECG trace and precedes the seizure’s clinical manifestation. The preictal interval has not yet been clinically parametrized. Furthermore, the duration of this interval varies for seizures both among patients and from the same patient. In this study, we performed a heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to investigate the discriminative power of the features of HRV in the identification of the preictal interval. HRV information extracted from the linear time and frequency domains as well as from nonlinear dynamics were analysed. We inspected data from 238 temporal lobe seizures recorded from 41 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy from the EPILEPSIAE database. Unsupervised methods were applied to the HRV feature dataset, thus leading to a new perspective in preictal interval characterization. Distinguishable preictal behaviour was exhibited by 41% of the seizures and 90% of the patients. Half of the preictal intervals were identified in the 40 min before seizure onset. The results demonstrate the potential of applying clustering methods to HRV features to deepen the current understanding of the preictal state.

scholarly journals Effect and Safety of Shihogyejitang for Drug Resistant Childhood Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsoo Lee ◽  
Kwanghyun Son ◽  
Gwiseo Hwang ◽  
Moonju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Objective. Herbal medicine has been widely used to treat drug resistant epilepsy. Shihogyejitang (SGT) has been commonly used to treat epilepsy. We investigated the effect and safety of SGT in children with drug resistant epilepsy.Design. We reviewed medical records of 54 patients with epilepsy, who failed to respond to at least two antiepileptic drugs and have been treated with SGT between April 2006 and June 2014 at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, I-Tomato Hospital, Korea. Effect was measured by the response rate, seizure-free rate, and retention rate at six months. We also checked adverse events, change in antiepileptic drugs use, and the variables related to the outcome.Results. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that, after six months, 44.4% showed a >50% seizure reduction, 24.1% including seizure-free, respectively, and 53.7% remained on SGT. Two adverse events were reported, mild skin rash and fever. Focal seizure type presented significantly more positive responses when compared with other seizure types at six months (p=0.0284, Fisher’s exact test).Conclusion. SGT is an effective treatment with excellent tolerability for drug resistant epilepsy patients. Our data provide evidence that SGT may be used as alternative treatment option when antiepileptic drug does not work in epilepsy children.

Drug-resistant epilepsy and topiramate: Plasma concentration and frequency of epileptic seizures

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 652-658
Author(s):  
Fabiana Angelo Marques ◽  
Nayara Cristina Perez de Albuquerque ◽  
Marília Silveira de Almeida Campos ◽  
Priscila Freitas-Lima ◽  
André Oliveira Baldoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

scholarly journals Potentially Pathological Alpha-Pattern as a Variant of Vigilance EEG in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Chukhlovin ◽  
Mikhail V. Aleksandrov ◽  
Sergey A. Lytaev ◽  
Vugar R. Kasumov ◽  
Marina E. Pavlovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

As a result of pathomorphosis affecting the mechanisms of electrical activity generation interictal EEG may show reduced epileptiform changes whereas clinically apparent epileptic seizures may be present. In these cases patterns of dominant alpha activity are sometimes recorded on the scalp. In this study variations of alpha activity in patients with refractory epilepsy are classified. A group of 50 refractory epilepsy patients aged between 20 and 55 years who were submitted to Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery in 2014-2017 was included in this study. They underwent scalp EEG as a part of their presurgical assessment. In 12 cases patterns of potentially pathological alpha activity were observed. Three variations of alpha-patterns were described: 1) alpha-rhythm with decreased regional diversity and a marked synchronization in temporal areas; 2) alpha-rhythm with reduced epileptiform complexes integrated into the spindles, 3) decelerated non-rhythmic alpha activity distorted by the higher frequency components. Distinguished varieties of potentially pathological alpha-activity according to their order here represent gradual functional decline of normal thalamo-cortical interaction. Considering clinical manifestation of drug-resistant epilepsy with frequent seizures in these patients, reported varieties of alpha activity can not be interpreted as Landolt’s syndrome (forced normalization of EEG). Invasive electrocorticographic monitoring demonstrated that bursts of sharpened polyphasic waves coinciding with alpha-rhythm on scalp EEG are consistent with epileptic discharges on the brain cortex surface. This allows to think of these components as correlates of epileptic activity. Therefore, on a number of occasions in patients with epilepsy a dissonance between clinical signs and electroencephalographic patterns recorded during restful wakefulness may be observed, when epileptiform components are absent or reduced to nonspecific complexes.

scholarly journals “Ictal” Bradyarrhythmias in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Results of Long-Term Heart Rhythm Monitoring

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
S. E. Serdyuk ◽  
K. V. Davtyan ◽  
S. G. Burd ◽  
E. S. Mishina ◽  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Aim      To determine the type and incidence of ictal bradyarrhythmias in patients with drug-resistant types of epilepsy by long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.Material and methods  Subcutaneous ECG monitors programed for recording pauses >3 sec and episodes of bradycardia ≤45 bpm were implanted in 193 patients with persistent epileptic seizures without organic pathology of the myocardium. Recording was activated by the patient/family at the onset of epileptic seizure. The follow-up period was 36 months with visits to the clinic every three months.Results For 36 months of monitoring, 6494 ECG fragments were recorded. Ictal bradycardia was observed in 6.7 % of patients, including ictal asystole in 2.6 % of patients. Episodes of bradycardia and asystole during epileptic seizures were transient and developed significantly more frequently in men, patients with long duration of the disease, bilateral tonic-clonic or focal seizures with disorder of consciousness, during sleep, on the background of treatment with several antiepileptic agents, mostly from the group of potassium channel blockers.Conclusion      Bradyarrhythmias accompanying epileptic seizures are transient and reproducible from seizure to seizure. They reflect functional changes in the myocardium and do not determine the life prediction for patients with epilepsy without organic pathology of the heart.

FACTORS PROVOKING EPILEPTIC SEIZURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Tokareva N.G. ◽  
Ignatieva O.I.
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Currently, the most significant problems of adherence to modern pharmacotherapy have been identified. The urgency of the treatment of epilepsy is confirmed by its frequency of spread. In Russian neurology, epilepsy is treated in accordance with international standards and recommendations. For a number of years, the drugs of the first stage of choice have proven their effectiveness. Monotherapy is preferred; with the development of drug-resistant epilepsy, the possibilities of using a combination of antiepileptic drugs are considered. Epileptic activity in the form of increased seizure frequency can be triggered by alcohol consumption, sleep disturbance - wakefulness, stressful situations, eye strain, somatic diseases and other factors. The aim of this study was to determine the main factors of provocation leading to an increase in the frequency of seizures in epilepsy. Materials and methods: we carried out a retrospective analysis of 43 case histories of patients with increased seizure rates who were hospitalized in the neurological department of one of the central clinical hospitals in Saransk. The initiation of anticonvulsant drug therapy in all patients coincided with the justification of the diagnosis. Seizure remission was achieved in the first year of treatment in most patients, which indicates a good level of compliance and coincides with clinical guidelines. Most patients in the sample received monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs of the first choice. An increase in seizures in patients taking antiepileptic drugs was noted at 3 years of treatment. Results: the most frequent factor provoking seizures was non-adherence to the therapy regimen, which was often mistakenly interpreted by outpatient doctors as the development of drug-resistant epilepsy; patients were referred to inpatient treatment for alternative monotherapy or combination therapy. Non-compliance with the therapy regimen was noted in the form of a decrease in the dose of the drug, irregularity of administration, and forgetfulness of the patient. Other factors provoking an increase in the frequency of epileptic seizures accounted for a significantly lower percentage and did not have a relevant significance

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of psychosis in a patient with epilepsy. Clinical case

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1S) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
T. V. Dokukina ◽  
F. P. Khlebokazov ◽  
I. I. Khvostova ◽  
N. N. Misyuk ◽  
K. A. Bondar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Progressive Course

The results of successful treatment of schizophrenic psychosis with persistent catatonic symptoms, refusal to eat in a patient with epilepsy are presented. In view of the progressive course of the disease, the lack of dynamics from the ongoing drug treatment, the method of electroconvulsive therapy was applied. Epileptic seizures and visual signs of brain epileptization were absent with the development of psychosis. As a result of the course of electroconvulsive therapy (9 procedures), the patient's clinical condition improved significantly. This observation illustrates the possibility of using electroconvulsive therapy in combination with antipsychotics and antiepileptic drugs as an alternative method for treating drug-resistant epilepsy.

scholarly journals Magnesium as an Effective Adjunct Therapy for Drug Resistant Seizures

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Abdelmalik ◽  
Nina Politzer ◽  
Peter L. Carlen
Keyword(s):  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Double Blinded

Objective:To explore the use of magnesium (Mg), an endogenous ion and enzymatic co-factor used in a variety of medical applications, for the treatment of epileptic seizures resistant to traditional medical therapy.Background:For almost a century, Mg has been used as prophylaxis and treatment of seizures associated with eclampsia. Mg is a CNS depressant, with numerous functions intracellularly and extracellularly. However, because of the availability of well studied anticonvulsant drugs, Mg has not been tested widely in the treatment of epileptic seizures.Methods:A retrospective chart review of 22 cases of drug resistant epilepsy, where a trial of empiric oral Mg supplementation (mainly in the form of Mg-oxide) was conducted.Results:Oral Mg supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in the number of seizure days per month, from 15.3 ± 13.2 (mean ± SD) to 10.2 ± 12.6 at first follow up (3-6 months, p=0.021), and to 7.8 ± 10.0 seizure days/month at second follow up (6-12 months, p=0.004). Thirty-six percent had a response rate of 75% or greater at second follow-up. Two patients reported seizure freedom. Most patients were well maintained on MgO 420mg twice a day, or in 2 cases, Mg Lactate, without significant adverse effects, the most frequent being diarrhea (4/22).Discussion:These results suggest that oral Mg supplementation may prove to be a worthwhile adjunctive medication in treating drug intractable epilepsy.Conclusions:A prospective, double-blinded, placebo controlled study is warranted to evaluate the potential of Mg for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures.

scholarly journals Functional hemispherotomy in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a clinical case

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
A. A. Sufianov ◽  
R. T. Deniel ◽  
S. Zh. Stefanov ◽  
G. Z. Sufianova ◽  
A. S. Orlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
Great Practical Interest ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Though brain hemiatrophy is not among the leading causes of symptomatic epilepsy; the problem remains important and is of great practical interest to neurologists and neurosurgeons in Russia. In this article; we present an example of successful surgical treatment of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. Here; functional hemispherotomy was performed in a 22 years old female patient; as a result; the occurrence and intensity of epileptic seizures decreased. This clinical case provides hope for this procedure to show even better results if performed in early childhood.

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