scholarly journals Pet-Friendly for Whom? An Analysis of Pet Fees in Texas Rental Housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Applebaum ◽  
Kevin Horecka ◽  
Lauren Loney ◽  
Taryn M. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Previous studies have underscored the difficulty low-income pet owners often face when attempting to secure affordable rental housing. Further exacerbating this housing disparity are fees charged on top of normal monthly rent to pet owners in “pet-friendly” rental housing. In this study, we aggregated rental housing listings from the twenty most populous cities in Texas, USA from a popular online rental database. We paired the rental listings with census tract information from the American Community Survey in order to investigate economic and racial/ethnic patterns in the spatial distribution of the properties. We find that less expensive pet-friendly listings were more likely to have pet fees charged on top of rent than rental units that were more expensive. Additionally, when pet fee burden was defined as a function of average income by census tract, low-income communities and communities of color were more likely than higher income and predominantly White communities to pay disproportionately higher fees to keep pets in their homes. We also find patterns of spatial inequalities related to pet fee burden by a metric of income inequality by city. The burden of pet rental fees may contribute to both housing insecurity and companion animal relinquishment. We discuss these findings as they relate to inequalities in housing, with particular attention to marginalized and disadvantaged people with pets. We conclude with recommendations for policy and practice.

Pet-Friendly Rental Housing: Racial and Spatial Inequalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 120633122095653
Author(s):  
Daniel Rose ◽  
Courtney McMillian ◽  
Onneya Carter
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Forsyth County ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Renters with pets seeking quality and affordable accommodations face numerous challenges. This research aims to identify whether the racial/ethnic predominance of the neighborhood population relates to the willingness of landlords to accept pets. To address this question, we gathered 266 rental listings from Craigslist and Zillow over a two-week period in Forsyth County, North Carolina. While the vast majority of landlords allowed dogs and cats at rental units in predominantly white neighborhoods, less than half permitted pets at properties in African-American neighborhoods. Chi-square tests demonstrated the statistical significance of these differences. Additional policies including breed restrictions, weight/size limits, non-refundable fees, and additional rent for pets further limited the ability of renters to keep pets. We discuss implications for tenant autonomy, the welfare of companion animals, and the perpetuation of racial segregation.

scholarly journals The smart grid as a security device: Electricity infrastructure and urban governance in Kingston and Rio de Janeiro

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802098571
Author(s):  
Francesca Pilo’
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Technical Failure ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Security Device

This article aims to contribute to recent debates on the politics of smart grids by exploring their installation in low-income areas in Kingston (Jamaica) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). To date, much of this debate has focused on forms of smart city experiments, mostly in the Global North, while less attention has been given to the implementation of smart grids in cities characterised by high levels of urban insecurity and socio-spatial inequality. This article illustrates how, in both contexts, the installation of smart metering is used as a security device that embeds the promise of protecting infrastructure and revenue and navigating complex relations framed along lines of socio-economic inequalities and urban sovereignty – here linked to configurations of state and non-state (criminal) territorial control and power. By unpacking the political workings of the smart grid within changing urban security contexts, including not only the rationalities that support its use but also the forms of resistance, contestation and socio-technical failure that emerge, the article argues for the importance of examining the conjunction between urban and infrastructural governance, including the reshaping of local power relations and spatial inequalities, through globally circulating devices.

scholarly journals The Potential of Advanced Placement to Improve College Outcomes and Narrow Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1932202X2110186
Author(s):  
Sarah Fierberg Phillips ◽  
Brett Lane
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
College Outcomes ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Better Than

The U.S. economy requires a highly educated workforce, yet too few black, Latino, and low-income students attend, persist, and graduate from college. The present study examines the college outcomes of participants in a model Advanced Placement® (AP) intervention to shed light on its effectiveness and determine whether improving AP participation and performance is a promising strategy for closing persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in college outcomes. Findings suggest the college outcomes of program participants are better than those of similar students statewide while also highlighting variation within and across subgroups. At the same time, they confirm that AP participation and performance predict college outcomes and suggest that improving AP participation and performance among low-income white, black, and Latino students could be a useful strategy for closing persistent racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in college outcomes.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Obesity Trends Among Young Low-Income Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Pan ◽  
Lisa C. McGuire ◽  
Heidi M. Blanck ◽  
Ashleigh L. May-Murriel ◽  
Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Obesity Trends ◽  
Racial Ethnic

A theoretical framework of the governance institutions of low-income housing in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1967-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Public Rental Housing ◽  
Governmental Intervention ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
The City ◽  
Important Form ◽  
Low Income Housing

This paper develops a theoretical framework for institutional analysis of the governance of low-income housing in the city. I focus on the provision of local public goods as a central issue for low-income housing. Factors that affect the governance structure from the efficiency perspective and the equity perspective, respectively, are explored. I argue that over-subsidisation is an important problem for income-redistribution institutions and, hence, public housing or social housing becomes an important form of governmental intervention in low-income housing. The framework is then applied to low-income housing in China. In particular, I analyse the governance structures of several major types of low-income housing including public rental housing, private low-income housing, work-unit compound and urban village.

Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Richardson ◽  
◽  
Eric Dixon ◽  
Ted Boettner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Negative Impacts

Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.

Understanding Unfulfilled AP Potential Across the Participation Pipeline by Race and Income

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Awilda Rodriguez ◽  
Esmeralda Hernandez-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
School Level ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Recommendations

Background/Context Each year, large shares of students who could do well in Advanced Placement courses and exams—known as AP potential students—do not participate, particularly students of color and low-income students. There are a number of prevailing reasons, both structural (schools do not offer the courses, or teachers do not accurately identify students) and as well as student- centered (lack of motivation, conflicts with other activities, or lack of self-efficacy). Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study seeks to empirically test these common reasons for foregoing AP participation with the following research questions: How are student and school characteristics related to the probabilities of students attending a high school that offers a corresponding course, enrolling in the course, and taking the exam? To what extent are explanations such as students’ constraints on time, lack of motivation, or lack of self-efficacy related to the probability of AP course- and exam-taking, net of student- and school-level measures? How well do AP potential estimates align with teacher recommendations into advanced coursework? We focused on differences across race and class throughout. Research Design We define AP potential as a 60% percent probability or better of receiving at least a 3 on an AP exam in either math or English. Using a nationally representative sample of sophomores in 2002 whom we identified as having AP potential, we answered the first research question with a sequential logit. We then used postestimation commands in Stata to examine motivation, hours working, hours in extracurricular activities, and measures of English and math self-efficacy to address the second research question. For the third research question, we modeled the probability of student misidentification—or the probability that the teacher of a student with AP potential will not identify them for honors or AP courses—using a logit. Conclusions/Recommendations We found that large shares of students did not fulfill their AP potential, which varied by student background and subject area. We did not find support for many of the student-centered reasons for forgoing AP, such as lack of motivation and constraints on time due to work or extra-curricular activities. We did find, however, that teacher identification and academic self-efficacy mattered to AP course- and exam-taking, especially for marginalized students, suggesting viable policy and practice levers to improve equitable AP participation. We discuss implications for policy, practice, and research.

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