scholarly journals A Conceptional Approach of Resin-Transfer-Molding to Rosin-Sourced Epoxy Matrix Green Composites

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sicong Yu ◽  
Xufeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Chris Rudd ◽  
Xiaosu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Composite Molding

In this concept-proof study, a preform-based RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process is presented that is characterized by first pre-loading the solid curing agent onto the preform, and then injecting the liquid nonreactive resin with an intrinsically low viscosity into the mold to infiltrate and wet the pre-loaded preform. The separation of resin and hardener helped to process inherently high viscosity resins in a convenient way. Rosin-sourced, anhydrite-cured epoxies that would normally be regarded as unsuited to liquid composite molding, were thus processed. Rheological tests revealed that by separating the anhydrite curing agent from a formulated RTM resin system, the remaining epoxy liquid had its flowtime extended. C-scan and glass transition temperature tests showed that the preform pre-loaded with anhydrite was fully infiltrated and wetted by the liquid epoxy, and the two components were diffused and dissolved with each other, and finally, well reacted and cured. Composite laminates made via this approach exhibited roughly comparable quality and mechanical properties with prepreg controls via autoclave or compression molding, respectively. These findings were verified for both carbon and ramie fiber composites.

scholarly journals A Semi-Analytical Model to Predict Infusion Time and Reinforcement Thickness in VARTM and SCRIMP Processes

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felice Rubino ◽  
Pierpaolo Carlone
Keyword(s):  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Deformable Porous Media ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Composite Molding ◽  
Fabric Deformation ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

In liquid composite molding processes, such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), the resin is drawn through fiber preforms in a closed mold by an induced pressure gradient. Unlike the RTM, where a rigid mold is employed, in VARTM, a flexible bag is commonly used as the upper-half mold. In this case, fabric deformation can take place during the impregnation process as the resin pressure inside the preform changes, resulting in continuous variations of reinforcement thickness, porosity, and permeability. The proper approach to simulate the resin flow, therefore, requires coupling deformation and pressure field making the process modeling more complex and computationally demanding. The present work proposes an efficient methodology to add the effects of the preform compaction on the resin flow when a deformable porous media is considered. The developed methodology was also applied in the case of Seeman’s Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP). Numerical outcomes highlighted that preform compaction significantly affects the resin flow and the filling time. In particular, the more compliant the preform, the more time is required to complete the impregnation. On the other hand, in the case of SCRIMP, the results pointed out that the resin flow is mainly ruled by the high permeability network.

The temperature effects on the fracture toughness of carbon fiber/RTM-6 laminates processed by VARTM

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1729-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Mendonça Sales ◽  
Silas Rodrigo Gusmão ◽  
Ricardo Francisco Gouvêa ◽  
Thomas Chu ◽  
José Maria Fernandez Marlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Transfer Molding

The increasing use of composite in the aircraft industry has raised the interest for a better understanding of the failure process in these materials, which can be also influenced by the manufacturing process of the laminate. Some materials used in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process have been studied in the open literature but very few data have been published for resin transfer molding-6 epoxy based laminates, in particular studies showing the influence of the temperature on the interlaminar fracture behavior of this type of laminates. The aim of this article is to investigate the interlaminar fracture behavior of resin transfer molding-6 based carbon composite laminates manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding subjected to Modes I and II at 25℃ and 80℃. The results show the influence of the temperature on the interlaminar fracture toughness of composites and provide a database to design composite aerostructures subjected to temperatures commonly experienced in civil aviation. The fracture aspects of the tested laminates were also investigated and directly related to the trend in results found for the fracture toughness values.

Determination of the Thermal Dispersion Coefficient During Radial Filling of a Porous Medium

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylene Deleglise ◽  
Pavel Simacek ◽  
Christophe Binetruy ◽  
Suresh Advani
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Thermal Dispersion ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Thermoset Resin ◽  
Composite Molding ◽  
Fibrous Porous Media

Resin Transfer Molding is one of the Liquid Composite Molding processes in which a thermoset resin is infiltrated into a fibrous porous media in a closed mold. To reduce the curing time of the resin, the mold may be heated, influencing other filling parameters such as the resin viscosity. Analysis of the non-isothermal effects during filling will help to understand the manufacturing process. One of the issues of non-isothermal filling in porous media is the variation of the velocity profile at the micro scale level, which as it is averaged, cannot be included in the convective term. To account for it, the thermal conductivity tensor is modified and a thermal dispersion coefficient Kd is introduced to model the micro convection effects. In this paper, we explore the temperature profile under non-isothermal conditions for radial injection during Resin Transfer Molding in order to determine the thermal dispersion coefficient. An approximate solution is derived from the series solution and validated with a numerical method. Experiments using carbon fibers and polyester resin were conducted. The thermal dispersion coefficient is determined by comparing experimental results with the steady state analytical solution. The comparison between radial and linear injection results shows that the same degree of dispersion is present in isotropic fibrous porous media.

scholarly journals Mold Filling Simulation of Resin Transfer Molding Combining BEM and Level Set Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Gantois ◽  
Arthur Cantarel ◽  
Gilles Dusserre ◽  
Jean Noel Félices ◽  
Fabrice Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Mold Design ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Composite Molding ◽  
Filling Simulation

Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) is a popular manufacturing process used in many industries. In Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), the liquid resin flows through the fibrous preform placed in a mold. Numerical simulation of the filling stage is a useful tool in mold design. In this paper the implemented method is based on coupling a Boundary Element Method (BEM) with a Level Set tracking. The present contribution is a two-dimensional approach, decoupled from kinetics, thermal analysis and reinforcement deformation occurring during the flow. Applications are presented and tested, including a flow close to industrial conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of in-plane resin transfer molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding ‘effective’ permeabilities based on mold filling experiments and simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Hancioglu ◽  
E Murat Sozer ◽  
Suresh G Advani
Keyword(s):  
Effective Permeability ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Mold Filling ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Transfer Molding

Resin transfer molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding are two of the most commonly used liquid composite molding processes. For resin transfer molding, mold filling simulations can predict the resin flow patterns and location of voids and dry spots which has proven useful in designing the mold and injection locations for composite parts. To simulate vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, even though coupled models are successful in predicting flow patterns and thickness distribution, the input requires fabric compaction characterization in addition to permeability characterization. Moreover, due to the coupled nature of flow and fabric compaction, the simulation is computationally expensive precluding the possibility to optimize the flow design for reliable production. In this work, we present an alternative approach to characterize and use an “effective” permeability in the resin transfer molding solver to simulate resin flow in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. This decoupled method is very efficient and provides reasonable results. The deviations in mold filling times between experiments and simulations for the resin transfer molding process with E-glass CSM and carbon 5HS were 4.7% and 1.0%, respectively, while for the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding case using “effective permeability value” with E-glass CSM and carbon 5HS fabrics were 11.1% and 12.3%, respectively, which validates the approach presented.

scholarly journals A Review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ageyeva ◽  
Sibikin ◽  
Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
The Matrix

The production and consumption of polymer composites has grown continuously through recent decades and has topped 10 Mt/year. Until very recently, polymer composites almost exclusively had non-recyclable thermoset matrices. The growing amount of plastic, however, inevitably raises the issue of recycling and reuse. Therefore, recyclability has become of paramount importance in the composites industry. As a result, thermoplastics are coming to the forefront. Despite all their advantages, thermoplastics are difficult to use as the matrix of high-performance composites because their high viscosity complicates the impregnation process. A solution could be reactive thermoplastics, such as PA-6, which is synthesized from the ε-caprolactam (ε-CL) monomer via anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP). One of the fastest techniques to process PA-6 into advanced composites is thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM). Although nowadays T-RTM is close to commercial application, its optimization and control need further research and development, mainly assisted by modeling. This review summarizes recent progress in the modeling of the different aspects of the AROP of ε-CL. It covers the mathematical modeling of reaction kinetics, pressure-volume-temperature behavior, as well as simulation tools and approaches. Based on the research results so far, this review presents the current trends and could even plot the course for future research.

Compression Resin Transfer Molding Using Inflatable Seals

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ouezgan ◽  
Said Adima ◽  
Aziz Maziri ◽  
El Hassan Mallil ◽  
Jamal Echaabi
Keyword(s):  
Resin Transfer Molding ◽  
Mold Cavity ◽  
Liquid Composite Molding ◽  
Transfer Molding ◽  
Resin Injection ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Composite Molding ◽  
Fiber Reinforcements ◽  
Compression Resin Transfer Molding

Compression resin transfer molding using inflatable seals is a new variant of LCM (“Liquid composite molding”) processes, which uses the inflatable seals to compress the fiber reinforcements and drive the resin to impregnate the fabric preform, resulting to fill the entire mold cavity. During resin injection, the preform is relaxed. Consequently, the resin enters easily and quickly into the mold cavity. After, the necessary resin is injected into the mold cavity, the compression stage takes place, in a stepwise manner, by swelling the inflatable seals. The objective of this paper is to present this new process and study the effect of the number of inflatable seals on the filling time.

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