scholarly journals Pesticide Usage Is Compromising People’s Health in the United States: Ideas for Reducing Damages

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Terence J. Centner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Usage ◽  
Pesticide Registration

The development of synthetic pesticides has provided new tools for addressing troublesome pests. A review of parts of the registration process for pesticides in the United States identifies an outdated evaluation system that undervalues health damages. Registration fails to adequately consider co‑formulants and effects of exposure to multiple chemicals. Frustration with failures to protect people and property from damages accompanying pesticide usage has led injured plaintiffs to resort to tort lawsuits to secure relief. However, litigation involves compensating injured persons after they are injured rather than preventing injury. A more proactive approach would be to prevent situations that injure people. This paper offers four ideas to reduce health damages accompanying pesticide usage. Slight adjustments to pesticide registration requirements can offer greater protection for people’s health.

Household Pesticide Usage in the United States

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon P. Savage ◽  
Thomas J. Keefe ◽  
H. William Wheeler ◽  
Lawrence Mounce ◽  
Lois Helwic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pesticide Usage

scholarly journals The genomic evaluation system in the United States: Past, present, future

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 3202-3211 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Wiggans ◽  
P.M. VanRaden ◽  
T.A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Evaluation

scholarly journals Functioning of the system for evaluating the effectiveness of international technical assistance: the experience of the European Union and the world's leading countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Y.V. Harust ◽  
V.I. Melnyk ◽  
V.V. Mirgorod-Karpova ◽  
B.O. Pavlenko ◽  
Yu.M. Kiiashko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Development ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Development Assistance Committee ◽  
The European Union

The authors of the article study the foreign experience of the administrative and legal organization of systems for evaluating the effectiveness of international legal assistance (ITA). The article notes that the definition of international technical assistance in different countries is interpreted differently. States, at the national level, establish their own definitions of the concept, which may differ in content and characteristics. It is established that the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of ITA has the ultimate goal to ensure its better use. Both ITA donors and recipients are interested in this. The largest ITA donors have been identified as Japan, the United States, and the European Union. Each of these donors has its own system for evaluating the effectiveness of the ITA provided. In the study of the model for evaluating the effectiveness of the US ITA, the key role of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) was highlighted. The Agency itself has developed tools to monitor the assistance provided, implements analysis programs, publishes reports, and conducts training among its employees. In Japan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) have been found to be the central policy-makers in Japan. These bodies issue regulatory regulations on which the performance appraisal process is based, analyze experience, conduct training, and publish reports on their official websites. In the Japanese model for assessing the effectiveness of the provision and use of ITA's, the key features are assessing the usefulness of the assistance provided in terms of Japan's diplomatic interests. It was found that a characteristic feature of the evaluation system of the European Union is the functioning of the Regulatory Control Council, which reviews and improves the legislation in the field of ITA. The article establishes the relationship between national legal systems and global standards for assessing international assistance. It is established that the donors of the ITA, for the organization of the system of evaluation of its effectiveness, use as a basis the Quality Standards for evaluation, which are developed by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Examining individual- and school-level predictors of principal adaptation to teacher evaluation reform in the United States: A two-year perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson L Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Teacher ◽  
School Level ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
New Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Over Time

New teacher evaluation reform efforts in the United States hold principals accountable for improving teaching and learning. Yet little is known about how effective principals are at these instructional leadership tasks or how principals experience and adapt to the demands of teacher evaluation reform over time. In the current study, principals ( n = 78) in a Race to the Top state—Illinois—completed an online survey after the first and second year of implementation of a new teacher evaluation system. Principals felt significantly more confident in how to conduct formal classroom observations, placed more value on student achievement data, and placed less value on additional artifacts over time. Individual- and school-level factors were related to some aspects of principals’ adaptations over time. Implications are discussed.

scholarly journals A Proactive Approach to Global Governance Is China's Historic Choice

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 183-204
Author(s):  
Yafei He
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Dream ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Chinese Dream ◽  
Governance Architecture

As the world moves from "governance by the West" to "co-governance by both the West and East," the inherent deficiency in current global governance architecture becomes obvious to all of us. The author, through his own experiences as both a practitioner and student of global governance, has highlighted where the deficiency is and how to remedy it. By explaining China's recent moves in proposing the Chinese dream and building "one belt and one road," the author suggests that China continue on this proactive approach in dealing with global governance and offers some ideas from Chinese cultural heritage on how to reform the global governance architecture, with an emphasis on the G20, as well as on what China and the United States can do together to achieve better global governance.

scholarly journals Evaluating Community Coalitions for Prevention of Substance Abuse: The Case of Project Freedom

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Fawcett ◽  
Rhonda K. Lewis ◽  
Adrienne Paine-Andrews ◽  
Vincent T. Francisco ◽  
Kimber P. Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Community Coalitions ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Evaluation System

In the United States alone, there are more than 2,000 community coalitions to address local concerns about abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. This article describes an evaluation system used to examine the process, outcome, and impact of coalitions for the prevention of substance abuse. The evaluation addresses five key questions: (a) Was the community mobilized to address substance abuse (Process)? (b) What changes in the community resulted from the coalition (Outcome)? (c) Is there a change in reported use of alcohol and other substances by youths (Outcome)? (d) Does the coalition have a community-level impact on substance abuse (Impact)? and (e) Is community-level impact related to changes facilitated by the coalition (Impact)? To address these and other questions, using eight core measurement instruments, the evaluation system collects 15 distinct measures. This evaluation system is illustrated with a multiyear study of Project Freedom, a substance abuse coalition in a large midwestem city.

scholarly journals Describing Success by Gender Through the U.S. Army Officer Evaluation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Ellie Senft ◽  
John Caddell ◽  
Julia Lensing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Evaluation Report ◽  
Army Officer ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The U.S

The United States Army uses both subjective and objective evaluation methods when assessing the performance of duties and potential for future service in the Officer Evaluation Report (OER). Males and females proportionally receive the same objective ratings, but on the surface, it is difficult to determine whether subjective ratings are equal. This paper seeks to examine the different ways success is described in each gender and how the OER follows or deviates from these trends. Upon examination of narratives written on the evaluation reports, many of the same words are used to describe success of males and females in the narratives written by their raters. The similarities amongst the reports suggest that the narratives follow a standardized format which may devalue their purpose of providing individualized feedback to the officer and to promotion boards.

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