scholarly journals Breeding for Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality in Vegetable Crops: The Case of Tomato and Cauliflower

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Alessandro Natalini ◽  
Nazzareno Acciarri ◽  
Teodoro Cardi
Keyword(s):  
Model Systems ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Almost All

Due to novel and more demanding consumers’ requirements, breeding of vegetable crops confronts new challenges to improve the nutritional level and overall appearance of produce. Such objectives are not easy to achieve considering the complex genetic and physiological bases. Overtime, plant breeders relied on a number of technologies and methods to achieve ever changing targets. F1 hybrid seed production allowed the exploitation of heterosis and facilitated the combination of resistance and other useful genes in a uniform outperforming variety. Mutagenesis and tissue culture techniques permitted to induce novel variation, overcome crossing barriers, and speed up the achievement of true-breeding lines. Marker-assisted selection was one of the milestones in fastening selection, starting from the early ’90s in almost all seed companies. Only recently, however, are novel omics tools and genome editing being used as cutting-edge techniques to face old and new challenges in vegetable crops, with the potential to increase the qualitative value of crop cultivation and solve malnutrition in 10 billion people over the next 30 years. In this manuscript, the evolution of breeding approaches in vegetable crops for quality is reviewed, reporting case studies in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) as model systems for fleshy fruit and floral edible parts, respectively.

CLOSE LINKAGE OF GENES FOR MALE STERILITY AND ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN BRASSICA OLERACEA PROMISING FOR F1 HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION; MULTIVALENTS AT MEIOSIS NOT INVOLVED IN THE LINKAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Linkage Phase ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Linkage Of Genes ◽  
Brassica Vegetable

Thirty-two progenies showed a mean of 4.3 ± 0.3% recombination between ms-1, a gene for male sterility and c-1, a seedling marker gene. The closeness of this linkage makes it useful for producing F1 hybrid seed of Brassica vegetable crops. Differential viability, acting prior to seed germination and associated with the c-1 locus, resulted in either a deficiency or a surplus of ms-1 ms-1 plants depending on the linkage phase. The mean viability of plants with the C-1 phenotype was 1.26 ± 0.03 times that of c-1 c-1 plants. The genetic stocks studied bred true for a quadrivalent at meiosis I. This presumed duplication was traced through seven generations but was not responsible for the ms-1 c-1 linkage.

scholarly journals Establishment of Technological Stages for Obtaining Some Grafted Tomato Seedlings (Dutch Scion × Romanian Rootstocks)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Dorin SORA
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Silicone Tube ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication

The tomatoes are valuable vegetables, with highest share in Romanian crops from protected spaces. The grafting is a vegetative multiplication method that induces or improves some qualities of the plants (vigor, resistance to soil diseases and pests, resistance to abiotic factors, quantity and quality of fruit production). The research aim has been to establish the technological stages for producing of Dutch scion and Romanian rootstock seedlings from Solanum lycopersicum L. species, to obtain some compatible phenotypes for grafting. This research has been conducted in a greenhouse of the Horting Institute Bucharest. The experience was carried out on a tomato cultivar collection consisting from a Dutch scion (‘Abellus’ F1 hybrid) and three Romanian rootstocks (‘L542’, ‘L543’, ‘L544’). The scion and rootstock diameters have been correlated for manual grafting, cutting at 45 degrees and using the method of splice in silicone tube. The technological stages for obtaining grafted tomatoes have been established for the researched genotypes. These tomato combinations have been compatible for vegetable crops in protected spaces in the south area of Romania.

GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorin Sora ◽  
Mădălina Doltu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Chemical Disinfection

This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Assessment of wild tomato accessions for fruit yield, physicochemical and nutritional properties under a rain forest agro-ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dorcas Ibitoye ◽  
Adesike Kolawole ◽  
Roseline Feyisola
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a broadly consumed fruit vegetable globally. It is one of the research mandate vegetable of the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria. The institute’s contains diverse collections of tomato accessions and wild relatives, without utilization information for the African continent. With the decline in diversity and potential of cultivars, a robust tomato breeding pipeline with broad genetic base that eliminates redundancy in the development of lines with desired horticultural traits is paramount. This study evaluated the mean performance and variations of thirteen wild tomato accessions obtained from the C.M. Rick Tomato Genetic Resource Center, University of California, Davis, USA, evaluated for agronomic, nutritional and physicochemical traits under a rain forest zone in Nigeria. The accessions were planted and grown in three replications with randomized complete block design. Agronomic traits, physicochemical and nutritional parameters were measured and analyzed. There was significant (P < 0.001) variation among accessions for all traits measured. Accession LA0130 was separated from others by cluster analysis and was outstanding for its unique attributes which include: fruit yield parameters, total soluble solids, acidity and content. The principal component analysis suggests fruit yield related traits, acidity and contributed most to the variation among the 13 accessions. The results obtained can be used to breed materials adapted to a rain forest . These wild tomato accessions have genes with desirable agronomic, nutritional and physicochemical traits that could be into breeding lines to improve commercial tomato varieties.

scholarly journals Horticultural evaluation of advance breeding lines possessing different combinations of Ty and Ph genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-788
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Kumar Jindal ◽  
Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

State approaches to non-state interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Y. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

The chapter focuses on cross-border relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, examining the attempts of respective states to intervene in and/or co-opt long-established traditions of transborder flows. Despite having existed on opposite sides of closely guarded borders for most of the 20th century, the two adjoining regions managed to keep alive long-established traditions of cross-border interactions thanks to shared ethnic, cultural, and linguistic features. The frontier societies there today have lived through multiple challenges – the indiscriminate border policy of the Soviet era on Kazakhstan’s side and the tumultuous early years of socialist China engendered exoduses of people across semi-controlled borders. Almost all official interactions stopped until the 1990s when new challenges and opportunities presented themselves and, with them, the revival of informal cross-border exchanges and states’ attempts to co-opt and control them.

An established cell line from mouse kidney medullary thick ascending limb. I. Cell culture techniques, morphology, and antigenic expression

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. C299-C311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Valentich ◽  
M. F. Stokols
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Established Cell Line ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Medullary Thick Ascending Limb

The effective use of cultured cells as model systems for investigating the differentiation and regulation of transport processes in renal tubular epithelial cells depends on the availability of functional long-term cell lines derived from specific nephron segments. Conventional culture procedures that treat cells as proliferating microorganisms possess several inherent limitations that could contribute to phenotypic instability and limited proliferative capacity in vitro. In this study, culture techniques were adopted that avoid exposure of cells to proteolytic enzymes, maintain intercellular contacts, and allow cells to remain continually adherent to a collagen gel substratum. This methodology resulted in the development of a continuous epithelial cell line from identified, microdissected segments of the mouse kidney medullary thick ascending limb.

Transferring the cultured anther to a medium without activated charcoal overcomes the recalcitrancy in pepper genotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Pınar ◽  
Nedim Mutlu ◽  
Serhat Yildiz ◽  
Duran Simsek ◽  
Mostafakamal Shams
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Anther culture is a relatively easy and high-efficiency technique, however, low efficiency in plant regeneration may restrict its use in crop breeding. Activated charcoal is often used in in-vitro culture, and it may ameliorate or hinder in-vitro growth, depending on genotype and tissue used. Pepper is one of the main vegetable crops of the Solanaceae family, but some pepper genotypes are known to be recalcitrant to androgenesis and formation of haploid regenerants. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the effect of activated charcoal on response to androgenesis in pepper genotypes. The plant material including 34 Long Green (LG), 13 Bell pepper (BP), 13 Charleston (Ch), 6 California Wonder (CW), and 23 Capia (CP) advanced breeding lines. Initially, anthers were cultured in a medium with activated charcoal (WAC) for 25, 35, or 45 days, and then they were transferred to the same medium without activated charcoal (NAC). In the WAC medium, 15 lines of LG genotype showed the highest recalcitrancy while many lines of CW had the lowest recalcitrancy to androgenesis. However, after transferring the 35-day old anthers to a NAC medium, the androgenesis was observed in recalcitrant LG lines. The results indicated that transferring the cultured anthers from WAC medium, ideally after 35-day, to a NAC medium overcame the recalcitrancy to androgenesis in pepper.

Effect of low inputs and salinity on yield and quality – A 3 year study in virus-resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) breeding lines and hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 108889
Author(s):  
Pedro Carbonell ◽  
Juan F. Salinas ◽  
Aránzazu Alonso ◽  
Adrián Grau ◽  
Jose A. Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Identification of a new molecular marker C2-25 linked to the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici resistance Frl gene in tomato

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Staniaszek ◽  
W. Szczechura ◽  
W. Marczewski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Conserved Ortholog Set

Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis &amp; Schoemaker (FORL) is a saprophytic fungus, responsible for the fusarium crown and root rot disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). This is one of the most destructive pathogens of this species. A new cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker C2-25 was developed for the detection of the dominant gene Frl, which confers tomato resistance to FORL. C2-25 was amplified from a conserved ortholog set II (COSII) sequence C2_At2g38025. The XapI-derived restriction product of 700 bp was informative for the identification of FORL resistant tomato genotypes and can be used as a diagnostic marker in tomato breeding programmes and hybrid seed production.

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