scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Dairies in Poland: Toward the First Link of the Supply Chain

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ziętek-Kwaśniewska ◽  
Maria Zuba-Ciszewska ◽  
Joanna Nucińska
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Several studies conducted in various countries have addressed the technical efficiency of dairies. However, there is a paucity of research on the technical efficiency of dairies in Poland, particularly in relation to their legal form (i.e., cooperatives vs. non-cooperatives). The existing literature also does not provide insights into the technical efficiency of these entities with respect to different regions’ milk production capacity. Therefore, this paper aims to: (1) evaluate and compare the technical efficiency of cooperative and non-cooperative dairies in Poland, and (2) examine dairies’ technical efficiency due to spatial disparities in milk production potential. We use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to investigate the technical efficiency of 108 dairies in Poland for the year 2019. The milk production capacity of provinces is examined by applying the zero unitarization method. The results show that when assuming constant returns to scale (CRS), dairy cooperatives are less technically efficient than non-cooperatives, whereas when assuming variable returns to scale (VRS), these differences are not statistically significant. For inefficient dairies, we observe the greatest potential for improvement in labor costs and depreciation. Both cooperatives and non-cooperatives operate mostly under decreasing returns to scale. Thus, the potential for enhancing the technical efficiency of dairies through the consolidation process seems to be exploited. Our findings reveal that the technical efficiency of dairies in Poland is not differentiated by regional milk production potential.

Technical efficiency drivers for the Italian water industry

2010 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Tiziana Caliman ◽  
Paolo Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The aim of this work is to introduce a first analysis concerning the relevance that ownership and financial structure, but also market dimension and business portfolios, have on the technical efficiency of Italian water utilities. Even though scholars have provided information on the influence of some dimensional or geographical variables, mono-utility character or ownership on efficiency, no paper, to the best of our knowledge, has ever considered the presence of all these hedonic variables as efficiency shifters or drivers. Antonioli and Filippini (2001) have not included ownership; Benvenuti and Gennari (2008) have included ownership and multi-utility strategy, but excluded the geographical dimension; Fabbri and Fraquelli (2000) have not included geographical location, business strategy or ownership; furthermore, most analyses of the Italian water sector have focused on the ATO level (investments, labour costs) and not on utility performances. We have estimated four heteroskedastic stochastic production frontiers: two different parametric models, where the hedonic dummy mono is either in the model as an additional variable or it is used to parameterize the variance of the inefficiency term; two competitive statistical formulations have also been introduced to specify the inefficiency component distribution, that is, the half normal and the exponential distributions. The most important findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. The labour, capital and other input elasticities are always highly significant, positive and quite stable in all the performed models, as expected for a well-behaved production function. The main results show that the mono-business strategy is not efficient; at the same time, operating water and sewerage together implies higher efficiency than water- only management. Theoretically, the population density can have an ambiguous effect on efficiency: on one hand, it could be more expensive to serve dispersed customers, but, on the other, it could generate congestion problems. It could be argued that the second effect prevails, therefore a higher density is accompanied by a higher inef- ficiency. The analysis points out that the variance of the idiosyncratic term is a function of the size of the firm, which is measured as the number of connected properties; the null hypothesis, that the firms use a constant returns-to-scale technology, has also been rejected. Considering the 1994 reform, it is possible to state that the integration of water and sewerage has substantially been positive; at the same time, the economies of scale and the ambiguity of density justify the division into provincial basins. The role of the private sector in the water industry, in agreement with previous literature, has neither a positive nor a negative impact on efficiency and ownership is simply not influent [obviously the quality of service should be considered, although the same indifference seems to emerge (Dore et al., 2001)]. Southern Italy suffers from a higher degree of inefficiency (also recently confirmed by Svimez, 2009), and this is probably the most important issue that has to be dealt with, because of the risks of drought and watering bans in those Regions during summer.

scholarly journals Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Certified Organic Rice Producing Farms in Yasothon Province: Northeast Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6974
Author(s):  
Nalun Panpluem ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Xianlei Huang ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Changbin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Rice production holds a significant position in the Thai economy. Although it is the world’s largest rice exporter, Thailand’s increase in rice production is the result of an expansion in the cultivation area rather than an increase in yield per unit area. The present study was designed to estimate the technical efficiency and its governing factors for certified organic rice-growing farms in Yasothon Province, Thailand. A data envelopment model was employed to assess the technical efficiency of 328 farmer groups. The data revealed that the average technical efficiency was 23% and 28% under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) specifications, respectively. Farmers can reduce the use of machinery, fertilizer, seed, and labor as input factors by about 80.1%, 25.62%, 24.72%, and 19.15%, respectively, while still achieving the same level of output. Multiple regression analysis was applied to estimate factors that affect the pure technical efficiency score (PTES) in the test regions. Results show that household size, farm size, water source, market accessibility, health symptoms, income, and labor were highly related to the TES and the amount of organic rice production. The regression coefficients of the predictors show that the income was the best predictor of the PTES at a significance level of p < 0.05. It is concluded that the farmers can potentially increase their yields by up to 72%–77% under current management practices.

scholarly journals A comparative study of efficiency and its determinants in Islamic, conventional, and socially responsible banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Alharthi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This study empirically estimates efficiency and its determinants in 190 Islamic (IBs), conventional (CBs), and socially responsible banks (SRBs) in 22 countries during the period 2005-2012. The study first uses non-parametric approaches to estimate the efficiency measures (scale efficiency (SE), technical efficiency-constant returns to scale (CRS), and technical efficiency-variable returns to scale (VRS)) and second employs ordinary least squares, fixed effects, random effects, and TOBIT models to get the efficiency determinants. The findings indicate that the average efficiency is 0.966, 0.952, and 0.983 for the SE, CRS, and VRS, respectively. However, efficiency measures show that the SRBs are most efficient banks whereas, the least efficiency scores archived by Islamic banks. Islamic bank efficiency is positively correlated with size, loan intensity, ROA, inflation rates, market capitalization and financial crisis. However, conventional banks’ TE and CRS efficiency are positively and significantly correlated with size, ROA, and market capitalization, while their VRS efficiency is negatively and significantly related to capital ratio, age and GDP. In addition, SRBs’ efficiency is increased by size, capital ratio, loan intensity, ROA, foreign ownership, domestic ownership, inflation and financial crisis. Furthermore, the financial crisis affects the SE and CRS efficiency measures in Islamic banks while socially responsible banks SE efficiency measure is positively affected by the financial crisis, which means that socially responsible banks were stabled and resisted during the crisis period. Finally, there is no significant correlation between financial crisis and efficiency indictors in conventional banks during the period

scholarly journals Efficiency of Micro and Small Enterprises in Ethiopia: Evidence from Data Envelope Analysis Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birhanu Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This study measures the technical and scale efficiency of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) and input slacks using Data Envelop Analysis (DEA) model and identifies the determinants of efficiencies of MSEs by employing ordinary least square (OLS) econometrics model. A sample of 375 randomly selected MESs are included in the study. The study found that the average technical and scale efficiency of MSEs are relatively low; technical efficiency averaged at 30 percent and 38.4 percent under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumptions, respectively. Besides, the overall average scale efficiency score of MSEs was estimated at 77.8 percent. The highest mean technical and scale efficiencies were registered in the construction (71.8 percent) and manufacturing (85.7 percent) sectors, respectively. Whereas, the lowest technical and scale efficiency goes to urban agriculture sector and service sector, with 38.9 percent and 67.2 percent, respectively. The level of inputs, enterprise age and sector, human capital, labor productivity variables significantly affect relative technical efficiency level of MSEs with different directions while variables such as start-up capital, gender of the enterprise manager and availability of support from the government identified statistically not significant in determining the MSEs&rsquo; technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis with non parametric method: Illustration of the Tunisian ports

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Arbia Hlali
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale ◽  
Non Parametric

AbstractThis paper applies a non-parametric method to provide level technical efficiency for 7 Tunisian ports during 18 years (1998-2015). These ports represent different data set. The use of the model of variable returns to scale (VRS) has led to interesting results. The results show that the most ports are characterized by low levels of technical efficiency, with the exception port of Rades. In addition, the result shows the variation of variable returns to scale and constant returns to scale of technical port’s efficiency. Furthermore, we concluded that the panel data improves the efficiency estimates.

scholarly journals Cotton Farmers' Technical Efficiency: Stochastic and Nonstochastic Production Function Approaches

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Chakraborty ◽  
Sukant Misra ◽  
Phillip Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Technical efficiency for cotton growers is examined using both stochastic (SFA) and nonstochastic (DEA) production function approaches. The empirical application uses farm-level data from four counties in west Texas. While efficiency scores for the individual farms differed between SFA and DEA, the mean efficiency scores are invariant of the method of estimation under the assumption of constant returns to scale. On average, irrigated farms are 80% and nonirrigated farms are 70% efficient. Findings show that in Texas, the irrigated farms, on average, could reduce their expenditures on other inputs by 10%, and the nonirrigated farms could reduce their expenditures on machinery and labor by 12% and 13%, respectively, while producing the same level of output.

scholarly journals Inputs Price Transmission Effect on Marketing Margins on Fisheries Products of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Mahdi Saravani ◽  
Nazar Dahmarde Ghaleno
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Volatility and instability of inputs price and products on the one hand and high marketing margins, on the other hand are the main characters of inefficient marketing of agricultural products. So in this paper we will consider the Prices Transmission of Inputs and Marketing Costs on Marketing Margin of Fisheries Products during 2004 to 2014. The variables examined in this study which were extracted from the website of Fisheries and Statistics Center of Iran, include hot and cold water fish prices (Larve and Fingerling), Fishmeal and Concentrate (inputs), transport and labor costs and amount of used inputs. The results show that Necessary and sufficient conditions for coincidence of inputs price transmission has rejected and mediators through asymmetrical transmission of input prices to retails increase marketing margin and thereby earn profits. The coincident test also in the transfer of marketing costs showed asymmetry coincidence of marketing costs. The variable of total amount of inputs that is considered as an explanatory variable to ensure assume constant returns to scale in marketing margin model, Its impact on marketing margins is incremental and statistically significant. The process trend variable coefficient also shows that market margins will increase over time. To improve this situation it is suggested to establish the Notification institutions of market.

scholarly journals Technology adoption and technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Tolon district of Ghana: double bootstrap DEA approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tetteh Anang ◽  
Hamdiyah Alhassan ◽  
Gideon Danso-Abbeam
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Double Bootstrap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Abstract The study explored the impact of improved variety adoption on technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers in Tolon District of northern Ghana. Smallholder maize farmers in the study area were sampled using random sampling technique. Double bootstrap data envelopment analysis was applied to estimate technical efficiency and its determinants. The results indicate that producers in the study area have a bias-corrected technical efficiency of 57% under variable returns to scale (VRS) assumption and 52% under constant returns to scale (CRS) assumption. Controlling for potential endogeneity of the adoption variable, the results indicate that adoption of improved varieties enhance technical efficiency of maize farmers in the study area. Technical efficiency of the farmers increased with herd size but decreased with years of formal education, household size, extension contact, frequency of weeding, and farm size. Ensuring that improved seeds are made available and affordable to smallholder farmers and promotion of livestock rearing are policy measures likely to enhance technical efficiency of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency Of Social Foundations In A Multidimensional Context

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda S. Dorado ◽  
Emilyn Cabanda
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The paper is the first attempt at examining the technical efficiency and benchmarking the performance of 15 social foundations in the Philippines for the period 2000-2005 using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The 65.55% of social foundations are operating at increased returns to scale, 4.45% at decreased returns to scale and 30% at constant returns to scale. Forty percent of firms are efficiently utilizing their expenses and the majority shows resource excesses (capital and labor). All firms show output deterioration for donations and total awards to beneficiaries. With the aid of the DEA tool, measurement of the efficiency of social foundations has been verified and proven as manageable and quantifiable from a multidimensional assessment. Results reveal the importance of technical efficiency assessment for the non-profit sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document