scholarly journals The Use of a Plant-Based Biostimulant Improves Plant Performances and Fruit Quality in Tomato Plants Grown at Elevated Temperatures

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Francesca ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
Bruno Hay Mele ◽  
Carlo Schettini ◽  
Patrizia Ambrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Almost All

Abiotic stresses can cause a substantial decline in fruit quality due to negative impacts on plant growth, physiology and reproduction. The objective of this study was to verify if the use of a biostimulant based on plant and yeast extracts, rich in amino acids and that contains microelements (boron, zinc and manganese) can ensure good crop yield and quality in tomato plants grown at elevated temperatures (up to 42 °C). We investigated physiological responses of four different tomato landraces that were cultivated under plastic tunnel and treated with the biostimulant CycoFlow. The application of the biostimulant stimulated growth (plants up to 48.5% taller) and number of fruits (up to 105.3%). In plants treated with the biostimulant, antioxidants contents were higher compared to non-treated plants, both in leaves and in fruits. In particular, the content of ascorbic acid increased after treatments with CycoFlow. For almost all the traits studied, the effect of the biostimulant depended on the genotype it was applied on. Altogether, the use of the biostimulant on tomato plants led to better plant performances at elevated temperatures, that could be attributed also to a stronger antioxidant defence system, and to a better fruit nutritional quality.

Modulation of antioxidant defence system by dietary fat in rats intoxicated with o-toluidine

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jodynis-Liebert ◽  
M Murias
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Radical Processes

o-Toluidine was administered to rats in the diet for four weeks at levels approximately 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg b.w. per day. Two types of diet have been used, standard (4% fat) and high fat (14% fat). Activity of antioxidant enzymes, level of glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in liver. Glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in all treated groups while glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were elevated in rats fed high-fat diet. o-Toluidine slightly enhanced catalase activity regardless of the kind of diet. Superoxide dismutase was the only enzyme whose activity was lowered in almost all treated groups. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was enhanced 2-to 3-fold in both diet groups. Reduced glutathione level in liver was 2.3-to 4.0-fold increased in all treated groups. Our findings indicate that free radical processes can be involved in the toxic effects of o-toluidine and dietary fat can modify the response of some antioxidant enzymes to this compound.

scholarly journals The effect of pruning systems on yield and fruit quality of grafted tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Isabel Mourão ◽  
Luis M Brito ◽  
Luisa Moura ◽  
Maria E Ferreira ◽  
Sofia R Costa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Number Of Stems

Abstract Vegetable grafting is an increasingly used crop management strategy that aims to prevent soilborne biotic and abiotic stresses. For tomato crops, the number of stems per grafted plant determines planting density and crop exposure to sunlight. The effects of pruning grafted plants on yield and fruit quality have not been established, and this information is crucial to support decision-making by growers. A greenhouse experiment was run in the spring/summer season in the NW Portugal to assess the yield and quality parameters for grafted tomato plants (cv. Vinicio grafted onto Multifort rootstock) pruned to 2, 3 and 4 stems developed from the plant first nodes, or pruned to 2 stems developed from cotyledonary nodes, according to common practice. Total yield was significantly increased for the double-stemmed tomato plants, irrespectively of node origin (average yield 26.5 kg/m2), as compared to the 3- and 4-stemmed plants (average yield 19.5 kg/m2). These results can be explained by root system limitations to uptake water and nutrients coupled with the stronger competition between stems for the 3- and 4-stemmed plants. Fruit quality assessed through firmness (1.0 kg/cm2), soluble solids (5.1°Brix), acidity (1.0 g/100 g fresh weight), pH (4.4) and dry mater content (4.9%) was not affected by pruning systems. The greater yield obtained from double-stemmed plants offsets the increased planting and seedlings costs of using grafted tomato plants, particularly so for double-stemmed plants grown from first nodes, as they do not require intensive nursery care and are therefore less costly than those grown from cotyledonary nodes.

scholarly journals Compromised Rat Testicular Antioxidant Defence System by Hypothyroidism before Puberty

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak K. Sahoo ◽  
Anita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Altered Thyroid

Altered thyroid function during early stages of development is known to affect adversely testicular growth, physiology, and antioxidant defence status at adulthood. The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in neonates by feeding the lactating mother with 0.05% 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) through the drinking water. From the day of parturition till weaning (25 day postpartum), the pups received PTU through mother's milk (or) drinking water and then directly from drinking water containing PTU for the remaining period of experimentation. On the 31st day postpartum, the animals were sacrificed for the study. An altered antioxidant defence system marked by elevated SOD, CAT, and GR activities, with decreased GPx and GST activities were observed along with increased protein carbonylation, disturbed redox status in hypothyroid immature rat testis. This compromised testicular antioxidant status might have contributed to poor growth and development by affecting the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats before puberty as indicated by reduced germ cell number, complete absence of round spermatids, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone level.

scholarly journals Improving Growth, Yield, and Quality of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L) by the Application of Moroccan Seaweed-Based Biostimulants under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Abir Mzibra ◽  
Abderrahim Aasfar ◽  
Mehdi Khouloud ◽  
Youssef Farrie ◽  
Rachid Boulif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

Background: Seaweed-derived extracts have gained popularity in agriculture as bioproducts with phytostimulatory effects on plant growth and development. Methods: This study assessed the effect of polysaccharide-enriched extracts (PEEs) derived from six Moroccan seaweeds on tomato growth, yield, and fruit quality. PPEs were applied to tomato plants as soil drench in a greenhouse experiment. Growth parameters including plant height (cm) and number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds were recorded every 15 days. Yield and quality parameters of the harvested fruits were also recorded after each harvest. Results: The obtained results showed that all PEEs improved the growth, yield, and fruit quality of treated tomato plants. According to principal component analysis, the presence of SO4, galactose, glucose, and maltose in the characterized polysaccharides was closely associated with their effect on plant growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters. Conclusions: PEEs obtained from Gelidium crinale,Schizymenia dubyi, Fucus spiralis, and Bifurcaria bifurcata exhibited the highest biostimulant effects and could be used as bioproducts for improved tomato yield and fruit nutritional quality.

Use of the Biological Compound Ret-flo Px357 to Increase Yield and Improve Fruit Quality of Tomato and Banana Grown in a Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 525c-525
Author(s):  
A. Ait-Oubahou ◽  
M. El-Otmani
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Horticultural Products

In the past few years, there has been a high demand for the use of new generations of biological products in modern agriculture. Several of these products are friendly to the environment and guarantee good yield and quality of many horticultural products. Pesticide residues resulting from heavy applications of a wide range of chemicals to control various pests is becoming a serious problem for exports, as well as for local consumption, of many products. This study was initiated to examine the effect of Ret-flo Px-357 a biological compound from EIBOL Co., Spain, developed to induce resistance to nematode infestation on several plants. `Daniella' tomato and `Grande naine' banana grown in plastic greenhouses were used to evaluate these effects. Two ground applications of Px357 at the rate of 20 L·ha–1 were used at 4-month intervals in Oct. 1996 and Feb. 1997. These treatments have stimulated root formation, stem diameter, and plant height. In tomato plants, the number of flowers and fruits per cluster was greater in treated than in non-treated plants. After harvesting eight clusters from the tomatoes, the number, size, individual fruit weight and total production of fruits from treated plants were greater than for the control plants. Similar results were observed in banana plants, which showed larger pseudo-stem and heavier fruit bunches at harvest. Variation in nematode population as well as plant nutrition during plant growth will be discussed, and results related to fruit quality will be presented and commented upon.

scholarly journals Downregulation of FeSOD-A expression in Leishmania infantum alters trivalent antimony and miltefosine susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Murta Santi ◽  
Paula Alves Silva ◽  
Isabella Fernandes Martins Santos ◽  
Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Background Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a central component of the antioxidant defence system of most organisms, removes excess superoxide anions by converting them to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. As iron (Fe) SOD is absent in the human host, this enzyme is a promising molecular target for drug development against trypanosomatids. Results We obtained Leishmania infantum mutant clones with lower FeSOD-A expression and investigated their phenotypes. Our attempts to delete this enzyme-coding gene using three different methodologies (conventional allelic replacement or two different CRISPR/methods) failed, as FeSOD-A gene copies were probably retained by aneuploidy or gene amplification. Promastigote forms of WT and mutant parasites were used in quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses, and these parasite forms were also used to assess drug susceptibility. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that FeSOD-A transcript and protein levels were lower in FeSOD-A−/−/+L. infantum mutant clones than in the wild-type (WT) parasite. The decrease in FeSOD-A expression in L. infantum did not interfere with the parasite growth or susceptibility to amphotericin B. Surprisingly, FeSOD-A−/−/+L. infantum mutant clones were 1.5- to 2.0-fold more resistant to trivalent antimony and 2.4- to 2.7-fold more resistant to miltefosine. To investigate whether the decrease in FeSOD-A expression was compensated by other enzymes, the transcript levels of five FeSODs and six enzymes from the antioxidant defence system were assessed by RT-qPCR. The transcript level of the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase increased in both the FeSOD-A−/−/+ mutants tested. The FeSOD-A−/−/+ mutant parasites were 1.4- to 1.75-fold less tolerant to oxidative stress generated by menadione. Infection analysis using THP-1 macrophages showed that 72 h post-infection, the number of infected macrophages and their intracellular multiplication rate were lower in the FeSOD-A−/−/+ mutant clones than in the WT parasite. Conclusions The unsuccessful attempts to delete FeSOD-A suggest that this gene is essential in L. infantum. This enzyme plays an important role in the defence against oxidative stress and infectivity in THP-1 macrophages. FeSOD-A-deficient L. infantum parasites deregulate their metabolic pathways related to antimony and miltefosine resistance. Graphic Abstract

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