scholarly journals Quality Improvement of Netted Melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) through Precise Nitrogen and Potassium Management in a Hydroponic System

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Rita S.W. Yam ◽  
Yen-Tzu Fan ◽  
Jing-Tian Lin ◽  
Chihhao Fan ◽  
Hsiao-Feng Lo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Manipulation ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

The quality-oriented fruit production in well-controlled enclosed hydroponic systems has been greatly enhanced by the technology of precision agriculture. Over-fertilisation has been commonly applied to the traditional hydroponic culture of fruit crops, without considering different nutrient demands during development. Adjusting the nutrient formulations depending on crop developmental stages could enable efficient fertilisation to increase yield quality. In this study, N-reduced and K-modified nutrient solutions were applied for a two-step nutrient manipulation experiment, to improve the fruit quality (Experiment I) and optimise the fertilisation schemes (Experiment II) of hydroponic netted melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus). The N-reduced and K-modified treatments, before fruiting stage in Experiment I, obtained higher fruit quality with increased fruit weight, dry matter ratio, flesh thickness, and total soluble solids. In Experiment II, fruits cultured under treatment II-3 (applied with 100-75-100% N and 100-125-75% K during VG-PYF-FEM) had the highest overall preferences, with ‘rich’ aroma, ‘dense’ texture, and ‘perfect’ sweetness, compared to all other experimental treatments. Our study successfully improved the fertilisation schemes for a hydroponic netted melon with precise N- and K-nutrient formulations specific to different developmental stages. Our study promotes the future advancement of precise fertilisation to improve fruit quality and reduce environmental pollution from farming activities.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LOW VIGOUR ROOTSTOCKS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING PROCESS OF ‘REGINA’ CULTIVAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Mirela Calinescu ◽  
◽  
Ivona Mazilu ◽  
Emil Chitu ◽  
Madalina Butac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Gisela 5

The aim of this paper was to study the influence of low vigor rootstocks on the 'Regina' cherry cultivar. The study was conducted at Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Arges county, Romania between 2019 and 2021. A bifactorial experiment was set up, with A factor-the rootstock ('Gisela 3', 'Gisela 5', 'Gisela 12' and 'Weigi 2') and B factor-the study year (2019, 2020 and 2021). Fruiting and vegetative growth data (fruit production, the trunck cross-section area-TCSA, the annual increase of TCSA, the productivity index and the ratio between the fruit production and the annual increase of TCSA), as well as fruit quality data (fruit mass, firmness, pH, total soluble content, chromatic coordinates of epicarp color and chlorophyll fluorescence) were collected. 'Gisela 5' rootstock recorded the highest value of TCSA annual increase (11.46 kg/cm2) and had also the highest cromatic coordinates values: colour brightness (25.68), red pigment (15.61) and yellow content (4.12).The highest vigor of the cultivar 'Regina' was observed in 'Weigi 2' rootstock variant (with an TCSA value of 44.71 cm2), given that 'Weigi 2' TCSA annual increase was similar to 'Gisela 5'. 'Gisela 3' rootstock stood out for its fruit highest pH (3.97), fruit yield (13.51 t/ha), lowest vigor (TCSA=24.19 cm2), smallest annual TCSA increase (6.11 cm2), highest productivity index 0.219 kg/cm2) and highest fruit production to annual TCSA increase ratio (1.79 kg/cm2). Taking into account climatic accidents that marked the spring of 2021, on the average of the study years, the cultivar 'Regina' grafted on the rootstock 'Gisela 12' was distinguished by fruit weight (10.02 g), firmness (66.53 units HPE Bareiss) and TSS (16.03°Brix) on the background of the lowest fruit yield. A negative very signifficant correlation between fruit yield and fruit quality traits (weight, firmness and total soluble solids) was found.

scholarly journals Effects of Short Day Conditioning, Chilling and GA3 Treatments to Yield and Fruit Quality in Strawberry Plug Transplants Aiming Early Fruit Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Emine ÖZDEMİR ◽  
Nurettin KAŞKA ◽  
Kazim GÜNDÜZ ◽  
Sedat SERÇE
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Growing Seasons

In this study, we tested the effects of short day (SD), chilling (Ch) and gibberalic acid (GA3) treatments on the yield and fruit characteristics of ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ plug plants under a freeze-protected greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions for two growing seasons in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The treatments included control (ambient day length and temperature); SD (8 h days) and ambient temperature; SD + Chilling (Ch) (18/12°C day/night temperatures); SD + Ch (10°C); SD + Ch (2°C); and, GA3 (10 ppm applied to the plants in November). In each growing season, the plug plants were planted in mid-August using bag culture. Yield, fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio were investigated. Considerable amounts of early yield (March and April) were recovered from ‘Sweet Charlie’; 116 and 72 g/plant in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. ‘Sweet Charlie’ also had consistently higher total yield than ‘Camarosa’ (457 vs. 400 g/plant in the 2006-2007 season and 446 vs. 406 g/plant in the 2007-2008 season). Treatment did not have a consistent effect on the fruit quality traits measured. The results indicated that although SD conditioning, Ch and GA3 treatments may have an effect on the total and early yield of strawberries, these effects may be cultivar-dependent and further regulated by environmental factors. Therefore, we propose that low-chilling varieties be utilized for early fruit production that can initiate flower buds in warmer, longer days.

LEAF ION CONTENT, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF FIELD-GROWN MELON UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMOUD AKRAMI ◽  
AHMAD ARZANI ◽  
ZAHRA MAJNOUN
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

SUMMARYOur knowledge of melon (Cucumis melo L.) response to salinity stress is limited under field conditions and then the genotype × environment interaction and heritability of agro-morphological traits are poor understood. A field trial (2014/2015) was carried out to evaluate the performance of 17 melon cultivars, including 16 native and one exotic (Galia), under salinity stress. Leaf ion concentrations, agronomic, morphological and fruit quality traits were evaluated and their heritabilities were estimated. The results showed significant effects of salinity stress and genotype on the studied traits except for days to anthesis and peel thickness. Salinity stress also caused significant reductions in fruit weight and leaf K+ concentration, while increasing leaf Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and total soluble solids. The most salt-tolerant cultivars (‘Sabouni’ and ‘Shahabadi-1’) had higher fruit yield, low leaf Na+ and high leaf K+ concentrations and enhanced K+/Na+ ratio under stress conditions. In general, the heritability estimates were higher under control than under salinity conditions, and the highest heritability was observed for total soluble solids. In addition, fruit weight, number of fruit per plant and leaf Na+ concentration were the strongest predictors of fruit yield, explaining 92% of yield variation under salt stress. These observations suggest that indirect selection based on these traits would be effective in improving fruit production under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Flowering, Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality in Muskmelons under Saline Conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mendlinger ◽  
Michael Fossen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

The muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars Topmark, Galia, No. 1, and BG-84-3 (BG) were examined in a field test for the influence of increased salt concentration (700, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10,000 ppm) on flower production, vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality. Increased salinity did not affect the number or timing of staminate and pistillate flowers produced. Increased salinity significantly and to the same extent reduced vegetative growth in the four cultivars. Increased salinity did not affect the number of fruit produced in the four cultivars but reduced mean fruit weight in three. Mean fruit weight and yield of `BG' were not reduced; i.e., `BG' was salt tolerant. Increased salinity increased the soluble solids concentration and slightly improved fruit appearance of all cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of mulching systems on fruit quality and phytochemical composition of newly developed strawberry lines

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fan ◽  
Valentine Roux ◽  
Claudine Dubé ◽  
Dennis Charlebois ◽  
Shutian Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Solids Content

The effects of three mulching systems on total yield, average yield per plant, average fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of two newly developed lines (‘Orléans’ and ‘Saint Pierre’), one advanced selection (‘SJ8976-1’) and two commonly used cultivars (‘Jewel’ and ‘Kent’) were evaluated. The studied mulching systems were: plastic mulch (PM), mulch with row cover (PMRC), and matted-row system (MRS). Results showed that plastic mulch with row cover (PMRC) generally increased yield per plant, average fruit weight, SSC, firmness and ORAC, but differences varied within harvest times. No significant differences in total yield and TA were observed under the selected mulching systems. Both PMRC and PM accelerated the harvest periods compared to MRS. ‘Kent’ and ‘Jewel’ had the highest total yield while ‘SJ8976-1’ and ‘St-Pierre’ had the highest average fruit weight. The highest SSC, TA and ORAC were found in ‘Jewel’. There was no interaction between the mulching systems and genotypes, indicating that the effect of production system is independent of cultivars. PMRC seems to be a better growing system, improving fruit quality and increasing the nutritional value of all genotypes. By allowing off-season fruit production in cool climates, PMRC can be an alternative method to the costly high tunnels.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CULTIVAR AND FERTILIZATION WITH VERMICOMPOST ON FRUIT QUALITY AND YIELD IN LONICERA SPP.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Ivona Enescu (Mazilu) ◽  
Mirela Călinescu ◽  
Emil Chitu ◽  
Mădălina Butac ◽  
Monica Sturzeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Solids Content

This paper aims to study the influence of cultivar and vermicompost (organic fertilizer) treatments on fruit quality traits (fruit weight, flesh firmness, juice pH, chromatic coordinates in CIELab system, chlorophyll fluorescence) and plant productivity on Lonicera caerulea L. The experiment was carried out between 2019 and 2020, at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania. To achieve these, three honeysuckle cultivars ('Cera', 'Loni', and 'Kami') were treated with four fertilizer doses: 0.2, 0.3, 0.75, and 1.0 L per plant. We found that 'Cera' cultivar was characterized by fruits with the highest weight (0.67 g) and firmness (13.71 units Bareiss HPE-II-FFF), 'Kami' cultivar, had the highest total soluble solids content (17.09 °Brix), and 'Loni' was the most productive (33.33 g per plant). Compared to untreated plants, fertilization with vermicompost in a dose of 0.2 L per plant increased fruit weight by 14.81%, pH by 9.79%, and fruit production per plant by 36.65%, indicating that fertilization with vermicompost could be used in ecological honeysuckle culture technology.

scholarly journals COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaswan Badami ◽  
◽  
Budi Setiadi Daryono ◽  
Achmad Amzeri ◽  
Syaiful Khoiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Fruit Diameter

In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.

scholarly journals UJI PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK MUTIARA DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR NASA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MELON (Cucumis melo L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Jusri Ayu ◽  
Edy Sabli ◽  
Sulhaswardi Sulhaswardi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

The study aimed to determine the effect of NPK Mutiara fertilizer and liquid Nasa organic fertilizer as well as each of the main factors on the growth and yield of melon plants (Cucumis melo L). The experimental design used was factorial 4 x 4 in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the administration of NPK Mutiara fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0, 5, 10, and 15 grams/plant, and the second factor Nasa liquid organic fertilizer consisted of 4 levels, namely: 0, 3, 6, and 9 cc/plant. so that 16 combinations of treatments were obtained. Each combination of treatments consisted of 3 replications so that 48 units of the plot were obtained. Data from the observations were analyzed statistically (variance analysis) and BNJ advanced tests at the level of 5%. The parameters observed were flowering age, harvest age, stem diameter, fruit weight per fruit, the thickness of fruit flesh, and taste test. Research shows that the interaction of NPK Mutiara fertilizer and Nasa liquid organic fertilizer does not significantly affect all parameters, but singly NPK Mutiara fertilizer and liquid Nasa organic fertilizer give an influence on the parameters of observation. The main influence of NPK Mutiara fertilizer influences all observation parameters, namely flowering age, harvest age, stem diameter, widest leaf area, fruit circumference, fruit weight per fruit, production per plot, and thickness of fruit flesh. The best treatment is the administration of Pearl 5K NPK/plant (K1). While the main factors for the provision of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa affect the parameters of flowering age, harvest age, and widest leaf area. The best treatment is the administration of 6 ml/l water (N2) liquid organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals PÓS-COLHEITA DO MELÃO AMARELO "GOLDEX" CULTIVADO SOB ADUBAÇÃO VERDE E PLANTIO DIRETO COM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS

Irriga ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-778
Author(s):  
Laiane Torres Silva ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva ◽  
Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Corrêa ◽  
Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

PÓS-COLHEITA DO MELÃO AMARELO "GOLDEX" CULTIVADO SOB ADUBAÇÃO VERDE E PLANTIO DIRETO COM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS  LAIANE TORRES SILVA1; EBENÉZER DE OLIVEIRA SILVA2; MARIA CLÉA BRITO DE FIGUEIRÊDO3; LUIZ CLAUDIO CORRÊA4 E FERNANDO ANTONIO SOUZA DE ARAGÃO2 1 Tecnóloga em Fruticultura Irrigada, Doutora em Fitotecnia, Professora do Instituto Federal do Sertão-PE, Rua Dr. Souza Filho, s/n – Centro, 56380-000, Santa Maria da Boa Vista – PE, Brasil, [email protected] Engenheiros Agrônomos, Pesquisadores Doutores, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 – Planalto do Pici, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected] Cientista da Computação, Pesquisadora Doutora, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 – Planalto do Pici, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, [email protected] Biólogo, Analista A Doutor, Embrapa Semiárido, BR-428, Km 152, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brasil, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O melão amarelo é o mais cultivado na região Nordeste, maior produtora de melão do Brasil. Estudos têm sido realizados utilizando-se coberturas vegetais, que beneficiam o solo e melhoram a qualidade dos frutos, o que pode resultar em maior manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita. Melão amarelo “Goldex” foi cultivado em duas safras, sob adubação verde e plantio direto com diferentes coberturas e a qualidade dos frutos avaliada com relação à aparência externa, perda de massa, firmeza, sólidos solúveis e açúcares totais na época da colheita e ao final de 28 dias de armazenamento (22 dias a 11 ºC e 85 a 90% de U.R mais  6 dias a 20 ºC e 85 a 90% de U.R). Não houve alterações com relação à aparência, firmeza e perda de massa. Sólidos solúveis e açúcares totais foram melhor preservados nos frutos do sistema com adubação verde, com maiores teores naqueles provenientes da adubação verde utilizando crotalária e crotalária mais milheto, associados ao mulching plástico. O uso combinado do sistema por adubação verde com estas coberturas pode ser uma alternativa na produção de melões "Goldex" no polo de produção Ceará/ Rio Grande do Norte. Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo L., sistemas de cultivo, qualidade dos frutos.  SILVA, L.T.; SILVA, E. O.; FIGUEIRÊDO, M. C. B.; CORRÊA, L. C.; ARAGÃO, F. A. S.POSTHARVEST OF "GOLDEX" YELLOW MELON CULTIVATED UNDER AND DIRECT PLANTING WITH DIFFERENT COVERS  2 ABSTRACT The yellow melon is the most cultivated in the Northeast, the largest producer of melon in Brazil. Studies have been conducted using vegetative covers that benefit the soil and improve the quality of fruits, which can result in higher maintenance of postharvest quality. The yellow melon "Goldex" was grown in two seasons under green manure and tillage with different toppings and fruit quality was assessed with regard to the external appearance, weight loss, firmness, soluble solids and total sugars at harvest and at the end of 28 days of storage (22 days at 11 to 90 ° C and 85% RH over 6 days at 20 ° C and 85 to 90% RH). There were no changes in appearance, firmness and weight loss. Soluble solids and total sugars were better preserved in the fruits of the system with green manure, with higher levels in those from green manure using crotolaria and crotolaria plus millet, associated with plastic mulching. The combined use of the system with green manuring and these covers  can be an alternative in the production of "Goldex" melons in Ceará / Rio Grande do Norte production center. Keywords: Cucumis melo L., growing systems, fruit quality.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Rootstocks Affect Water Use, Growth, Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality of `Fuji' and `Gala' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 982C-982
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Bahar Fallahi
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Partial Root Drying

Many fruit growers in the Pacific Northwest region prefer to use a sprinkler system to produce high-quality fruit and to establish a cover crop in the orchard. However, water shortage mandates the use of more efficient methods of irrigation, such as drip. In this long-term experiment, the effects of seven irrigation systems for `Fuji' and two irrigation systems for `Gala' on five rootstocks on tree growth, water use, fruit quality, and mineral nutrients were studied. All forms of drip systems used less water than full micro-sprinkler (SP). Partial root drying sprinkler (PS) used 50% less water than SP. Trees with partial root drying drip and deficit drip had to receive 65% of full drip to survive. Each `Fuji' tree with SP used about 5397 L of water in 2004 and 5833 L in 2005, while each tree with full drip used 2403 L in 2004 and 3438 L in 2005. Thus, trees with full drip used 41% to 55% less water than those with SP system without any reduction in fruit quality. This leads to a major savings in the cost of fruit production. Fruit weight in trees with full drip was always greater than those with PS or deficit drip. Fruits with SP system had lower soluble solids than those with PS. Fruits from trees with partial drip had a higher starch degradation than those with other systems. Leaf minerals, particularly N and K, were affected by irrigation systems. `Pacific Gala' trees on B.9 rootstock were more precocious than those on Supporter-4 rootstock. In general, `Pacific Gala' on RN-29 had better tree performance and fruit quality than those on other rootstocks. The calculation of water requirements on a tree-use basis provided an excellent guide for drip irrigation.

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