Revamping of Cotton Breeding Programs for Efficient Use of Genetic Resources under Changing Climate

Empirical cotton breeding was based upon the concept of selecting single and best high-yielding progeny from the segregating populations to develop a cultivar. It helped in releasing of high yielding varieties with superior fibre quality through conventional breeding. Though the production of cotton has been increased manifold in the last decades, but it has also seen enormous ebb and flow of yield uncertainties during the past several years. Therefore, the development of climatic resilient cotton ideotypes through the introduction of wild alleles and using contemporary genetic markers have become inevitable. Emerging genome engineering technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 system can also potentially exploited to edit the disease susceptible and negative regulators of yield related genes in cotton. In the present review we concentrate on accomplishments and forthcoming of plant breeding and biotechnology to facelift the cotton breeding programs.

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PENGARUH TETUA BETINA PADA BEBERAPA KARAKTER TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea Mays L)

J-PEN Borneo : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.35334/jpen.v4i1.1923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eko Hary Pudjiwati, M.P ◽

Danang Kisowo Jenar

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Female Parent ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Corn Production ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽

Reciprocal Crossing ◽

Maize Plants ◽

High Yielding Varieties

ABSTRACTCorn plants are one of the most important food crops after rice and wheat. To get high corn production factors that can affect one of them is the use of high yielding varieties. In superior varieties there are genes that can make plant growth and production be higher than other varieties. In plant breeding programs to obtain a superior variety, it is necessary to know important information about the influence of the female parent. In general, some characters are controlled by genes in the nucleus, but there are some characters that are controlled by genes in cytoplasmic organelles. The characters controlled by genes in cytoplasmic organelles can be identified by reciprocal crossing. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Borneo Tarakan has a collection of S4 corn (selfing 4) that can be used as genetic material in plant breeding programs. Therefore, research needs to be done to find out the important characters that are controlled by genes outside the nucleus or the influence of female elders. the second results of crossing of maize plants (G2G1 and G4G3 with each reciprocal) showed that in vegetative and generative parameters there were female elders. In the same vegetative character in the two crossing of maize plants which showed the presence of female elders namely plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. Whereas the same generative characters are the age of flowering females, the number of cob, the location of the cobs, the length of the cobs, the weight of the cobs, the weight of 100 seeds and the weight of the seeds per cob. In addition, it is known that corn plant genotypes show higher F1 mean results as female parents in maize crop crossing on several yield characters (generative), namely genotypes G2 and G4.Keywords: Cytoplasmic Genes, Corn, Effect of Female Elders, Reciprocal Crosses ABSTRAK Tanaman jagung merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang terpenting setelah padi dan gandum.. Untuk mendapatkan produksi jagung yang tinggi faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi salah satunya adalah penggunaan varietas unggul. Pada varietas unggul terdapat gen yang dapat membuat pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman menjadi lebih tinggi dari varietas yang lain. Dalam program pemuliaan tanaman untuk mendapatkan suatu varietas yang unggul perlu mengeketahui informasi penting tentang pengaruh tetua betina. Pada umumnya beberapa karakter dikendalikan oleh gen dalam kromosan inti, akan tetapi terdapat beberapa karakter yang dikendalikan oleh gen yang ada di organel sitoplasma. Karakter yang dikendalikan oleh gen di organel sitoplasma dapat diketahui dengan melakukan persilangan resiprokal. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borneo Tarakan memiliki koleksi jagung S4 (selfing ke 4) yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan genetik dalam upaya program pemuliaan tanaman. Maka dari itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakter-karakter penting yang dikendalikan oleh gen di luar inti atau pengaruh tetua betina. hasil kedua persilangan tanaman jagung (G2G1 dan G4G3 dengan masing – masing resiproknya) menunjukkan pada parameter vegetatif dan generatif terdapat adanya tetua betina. Pada karakter vegetatif yang sama pada kedua persilangan tanaman jagungyang menunjukkan adanya tetua betina yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang. Sedangkan pada karakter generatif yang sama yaitu umur berbunga betina, jumlah tongkol, letak tongkol, panjang tongkol, berat tongkol, berat 100 biji dan berat biji per tongkol. Selain itu, diketahui genotipe tanaman jagung yang menunjukkan hasil nilai rerata F1 yang lebih tinggi sebagai tetua betina pada persilangan tanaman jagung pada beberapa karakter hasil (generatif) yaitu genotipe G2 dan G4. Kata kunci : Gen Sitoplasma, Jagung, Pengaruh Tetua Betina, Persilangan Resiprok

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Negative associations still exist between yield and fibre quality in cotton breeding programs in Australia and USA

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2011.12.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J.D. Clement ◽

G.A. Constable ◽

W.N. Stiller ◽

S.M. Liu

Keyword(s):

Fibre Quality ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Cotton Breeding

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Plant breeding with marker-assisted selection in Brazil

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332014000100009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 54-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ney Sussumu Sakiyama ◽

Helaine Christine Cancela Ramos ◽

Eveline Teixeira Caixeta ◽

Messias Gonzaga Pereira

Keyword(s):

Molecular Marker ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Marker Assisted Selection ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Know How ◽

The Past ◽

Seed Market ◽

Marker Studies

Over the past three decades, molecular marker studies reached extraordinary advances, especially for sequencing and bioinformatics techniques. Marker-assisted selection became part of the breeding program routines of important seed companies, in order to accelerate and optimize the cultivar developing processes. Private seed companies increasingly use marker-assisted selection, especially for the species of great importance to the seed market, e.g. corn, soybean, cotton, and sunflower. In the Brazilian public institutions few breeding programs use it efficiently. The possible reasons are: lack of know-how, lack of appropriate laboratories, few validated markers, high cost, and lack of urgency in obtaining cultivars. In this article we analyze the use and the constraints of marker-assisted selection in plant breeding programs of Brazilian public institutes.

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Matoa (Pometia Pinata Foster): Local Fruit Papua and Strategy Development

Beccariana Botanical Research Bulletin ◽

10.30862/bbrp.v7i1.276 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julius D. Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Local Market ◽

Font Size ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Irian Jaya ◽

Forest Exploitation ◽

Program Strategy

Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is a local fruit of  Papua (formerly called Irian Jaya) which has high potensial to develop as comercial fruit. Highly significant genetic resources of matoa potentially for breeding program in Papua are being threatened as a result of cutting down trees for fruit harvesting and of forest exploitation for timber. Besides the loss of genetic resources facing now, other major problems should be consider for conservation and domestication of this fruit tree species i.e. lack of silviculture and agronomy knowledge for further breeding programs; matoa production only for local market; and inadequate government policy for matoa breeding program. Strategy developed for matoa conservation and domestication should also concern about time limited due to the fast loss of genetic poll. This paper provides a general overview of strategy for conservation and domestication of Pometia pinnata with special reference to Papua.

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Making waves in Breedbase: An integrated spectral data storage and analysis pipeline for plant breeding programs

tppj ◽

10.1002/ppj2.20012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jenna Hershberger ◽

Nicolas Morales ◽

Christiano C. Simoes ◽

Bryan Ellerbrock ◽

Guillaume Bauchet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Spectral Data ◽

Data Storage ◽

Analysis Pipeline ◽

Breeding Programs

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Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and applications for wheat functional genomics and breeding

aBIOTECH ◽

10.1007/s42994-021-00042-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Yan Li ◽

Ligeng Ma

Keyword(s):

Functional Genomics ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Functional Annotation ◽

Genome Engineering ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Base Editing ◽

The World ◽

World Food Security

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major food crops in the world; thus, wheat breeding programs are important for world food security. Characterizing the genes that control important agronomic traits and finding new ways to alter them are necessary to improve wheat breeding. Functional genomics and breeding in polyploid wheat has been greatly accelerated by the advent of several powerful tools, especially CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows multiplex genome engineering. Here, we describe the development of CRISPR/Cas9, which has revolutionized the field of genome editing. In addition, we emphasize technological breakthroughs (e.g., base editing and prime editing) based on CRISPR/Cas9. We also summarize recent applications and advances in the functional annotation and breeding of wheat, and we introduce the production of CRISPR-edited DNA-free wheat. Combined with other achievements, CRISPR and CRISPR-based genome editing will speed progress in wheat biology and promote sustainable agriculture.

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Applying the Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Model in Plant Breeding Programs

IFAC Proceedings Volumes ◽

10.1016/s1474-6670(17)33639-x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 34 (26) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Calin ◽

C. Leonte

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Decision Model ◽

Breeding Programs

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Access to plant genetic resources for genomic research for the poor: from global policies to target-oriented rules

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr2006112 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 54-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Niels P. Louwaars ◽

Eva Thörn ◽

José Esquinas-Alcázar ◽

Shumin Wang ◽

Abebe Demissie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Genomic Research ◽

Benefit Sharing ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

The Poor ◽

Multilateral System

Applied genetics combined with practical plant breeding is a powerful tool in agricultural development and for food security. The Green Revolution spurred the world's potential to meet its food, feed and fibre needs at a time when vast regions were notoriously food-insecure. Subsequent adaptations of such strategies, from the late 1980s onwards, in order to develop new plant varieties in a more participatory way, have strengthened the focus on applying technology to farmers' diverse needs, feeding research results into a variety of seed systems. During these developments, there were no major legal impediments to the acquisition of either local or formal knowledge or of the building blocks of plant breeding: genetic resources. The emergence of molecular biology in plant science is creating a wealth of opportunities, both to understand better the limitations of crop production and to use a much wider array of genetic diversity in crop improvement. This ‘Gene Revolution’ needs to incorporate the lessons from the Green Revolution in order to reach its target groups. However, the policy environment has changed. Access to technologies is complicated by the spread of private rights (intellectual property rights), and access to genetic resources by new national access laws. Policies on access to genetic resources have changed from the concept of the ‘Heritage of Mankind’ for use for the benefit of all mankind to ‘National Sovereignty’, based on the Convention on Biological Diversity, for negotiated benefit-sharing between a provider and a user. The Generation Challenge Programme intends to use genomic techniques to identify and use characteristics that are of value to the resource-poor, and is looking for ways to promote freedom-to-operate for plant breeding technologies and materials. Biodiversity provides the basis for the effective use of these genomic techniques. National access regulations usually apply to all biodiversity indiscriminately and may cause obstacles or delays in the use of genetic resources in agriculture. Different policies are being developed in different regions. Some emphasize benefit-sharing, and limit access in order to implement this (the ‘African Model Law’), while others, in recognition of countries' interdependence, provide for facilitated access to all genetic resources under the jurisdiction of countries in the region (the Nordic Region). There are good reasons why the use of agricultural biodiversity needs to be regulated differently from industrial uses of biodiversity. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which entered into force in 2004, provides for facilitated access to agricultural genetic resources, at least for the crops that are included in the Treaty's ‘Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing’. Ratification of the Treaty is proceeding apace, and negotiations have entered a critical stage in the development of practical instruments for its implementation. Although the scope of the Treaty is all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, there are important crops that are not covered by its Multilateral System. Humanitarian licences are being used to provide access for the poor to protected technologies: countries may need to create such a general humanitarian access regime, to ensure the poor have the access they need to agricultural genetic resources.

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