scholarly journals Roles of Nitrogen Deep Placement on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Zhaowen Mo ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Use Efficiency

Mechanical pot-seedling transplanting (PST) is an efficient transplanting method and deep nitrogen fertilization has the advantage of increasing nitrogen use efficiency. However, little information is available about the effect of PST when coupled with mechanized deep nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and antioxidant enzyme activities in rice. A two-year field experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of PST coupled with deep N fertilization in both early seasons (March–July) of 2018 and 2019. All seedlings were transplanted by PST and three treatments were designed as follows. There was a mechanized deep placement of all fertilizer (MAF), broadcasting fertilizer (BF), no fertilizer (N0). MAF significantly increased grain yield by 52.7%. Total nitrogen accumulation (TNA) was enhanced by 27.7%, nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) was enhanced by 51.4%. nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) by 123.7%, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) was enhanced by 104.3%, compared with BF treatment. Moreover, MAF significantly improved peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and notably reduced the malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content for both rice cultivars, compared to BF. Hence, the result shows that mechanical pot-seedling transplanting coupled with nitrogen deep placement is an efficient method with the increase of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice cultivation in South China.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Nitrogen Addition on Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Residual Soil Nitrate in a Semiarid Area of the Loess Plateau of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixia Xu ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Junhong Xie ◽  
Xingzheng Wang ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer plays an important role in wheat yield, but N application rates vary greatly, and there is a lack of data to quantify the residual effects of N fertilization on soil N availability. A 17-yr experiment was conducted in a semiarid area of the Loess Plateau of China to assess the effects of N fertilization on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, N uptake, N utilization efficiency, and residual soil nitrate. Treatments included a non-N-fertilized control and annual application of 52.5, 105.0, 157.5, and 210.0 kg N ha−1 in the first two years (2003 and 2004). In the third year (2005), the four main plots with N fertilizer application were split. In one subplot, N fertilization was continued as mentioned previously, while in the other subplot, N fertilization was stopped. The concentration of NO3-N in the 0–110 cm depth soil layers was significantly affected by N application, with higher N rates associated with greater soil NO3-N concentration. With the annual application of N over 17 years, residual soil NO3-N concentration in the 100–200 cm soil layer in the last study year was significantly greater than that in the non-N-fertilized control and was increased with rate of N application. There was a significant positive relationship of soil NO3-N in the 0–50 cm and 50–110 cm soil layers at wheat sowing with wheat grain N content and yield. Wheat grain yield in the third year (2005) was significantly, i.e., 22.57–59.53%, greater than the unfertilized treatment after the N application was stopped. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased in response to each increment of added N fertilizer, and was directly related to N harvest index and grain yield. Therefore, greater utilization of residual soil N through appropriate N fertilizer rates could enhance nitrogen use efficiency while reducing the cost of crop production and risk of N losses to the environment. For these concerns, optimum N fertilizer application rate for spring wheat in semiarid Loess Plateau is about 105 kg N ha−1, which is below the threshold value of 170 kg N ha−1 per year as defined by most EU countries.

scholarly journals Genetic Gain in Wheat Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency at Different Nitrogen Levels in an Irrigated Hot Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzat Sidahmed Ali Tahir ◽  
Elfadil Mohamed Elyayeb Elbashier ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Salih Ibrahim ◽  
Abu Sefyan Ibrahim Saad ◽  
Osman Suliman Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Simultaneous Evaluation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency

Improved nitrogen use-efficient cultivars could be the most economically beneficial and environmentally friendly approach to reduce pollution associated with excessive N fertilization. The performance and genetic gain in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of a historical set of 12 bread wheat cultivars released for a heat-stressed environment were investigated at four N levels (0 (N0), 43 (N43), 86 (N86), and 129 (N129) kg/ha) for two seasons. Averaged across seasons, increasing N level from N0 to N43, N86, and N129 resulted in yield increases ranging from 4−45%, 13–69%, and 34–87% at N43, N86, and N129, respectively. These yield increases were associated with increases in biomass (r = 0.86, P<0.01). Regressing grain yield of cultivars released during 1960 to 2006 against the year of release showed no trend at N0 and positive nonsignificant trends at N43;. however, significant positive trends were found at N86 and N129 with genetic gain rates of 12.65 and 15.76 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively. This gain was associated with progresses in harvest index (HI) at N43, N86, and N129 but not at N0. On the other hand, during the period from 1960 to 1990, the genetic gain in grain yield at N86 was 24.5 kg ha−1 year−1. Regressing NUE against the year of release showed significant linear trends at N86 and N129 (R2 = 0.511 and R2 = 0.477, respectively), but not at N43. The results indicate that breeders improved grain yield and NUE over 46 years under the heat-stressed environment of Sudan although the rate of increase in yield has been slowed down in recent years. Further improvement in NUE might require broadening the genetic diversity and simultaneous evaluation at low and high N levels.

scholarly journals Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Locally Improved Rice Varieties in Rice Based Tidal Flooded Ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Mamun ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
AJMS Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Planting Materials

An on farm field experiment was conducted to evaluate locally improved aman rice varieties in terms of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in southern region of Bangladesh. The treatments were: i. deep placement of urea (UDP) before panicle initiation stage and ii. farmers’ practice (FP/control). The locally popular rice varieties were used as planting materials. Higher panicles m-2 and grains panicle-1 was obtained from UDP application compared to FP. Nitrogen fertilization increases grain and straw nitrogen content significantly. Application of urea before panicle initiation stage gave considerable higher grain yield in all cultivated varieties. Cultivated aman varieties produced 2.0 to 2.5 t ha-1 grain without application of N fertilizer. But, cultivated local variety Razashail, Kutiagoni, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Lalmota and Sadamota gave 3.0 to 3.5 t ha-1 grain in tidal prone areas with UDP. Hence, application of urea gave yield advantage by 0.5 to 1.0 t ha-1. The highest internal, agronomic, recovery and physiological efficiency; nitrogen harvest and grain yield efficiency index was obtained from Kutiagoni, Lalpayka, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Moulata and Lalmota. Based on the yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, it could be concluded that UDP before panicle initiation stage is an effective option of urea application for rice cultivation in tidal prone areas.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 39-49

scholarly journals Slow-release nitrogen fertiliser suitable for one-time fertilisation of spring maize in Northeast China  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Feng ◽  
Xiumei Zhan ◽  
Xiaori Han ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Use Efficiency

Slow-release nitrogen fertiliser can potentially increase crop production and improve fertiliser nitrogen use efficiency. However, it is unclear that are suitable for different regions and crops in the northeast of China. Therefore, according to different soil and climate characteristics, we investigated the synchronised relationships between nitrogen slow release fertiliser and nitrogen maize requirements. Experiments were conducted at Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning province, Northeast China, from 2016 to 2017. Stabilised fertiliser treatments increased grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen accumulation at each maize growth stage. Grain yield increased by 2.32% and 11.33% (2016), and 1.55% and 7.87% (2017), respectively, when compared with the urea CK1 (233 kg N/ha)<br /> and CK2 (210 kg N/ha) treatments. Additionally, during the growth period of the stabilised fertiliser treatment, the stability of the synchronisation relationship between nitrogen absorption and absorption of spring maize was significantly higher than other treatments, and the effect was the best. Therefore, we conclude that the stabilised fertiliser is the most suitable option for promotion and application in spring maize in Northeast China.  

scholarly journals Forms and Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizers Influence Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of BRRI Dhan49 under Continuous Flooded Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MP Akhter ◽  
A Huda ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
MA Asad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Aman season of 2016 to evaluate the effects of deep placement of N fertilizers in the form of USG and NPK briquettes in comparison with PU on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan49. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.27, organic matter content 1.95% and total N 0.136%. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with eight treatments and three replications. The PU was applied in three equal splits. The USG and NPK briquettes were deep placed at 10 DAT and the briquettes were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at alternate rows. The maximum grain yield of 5981 kg ha-1 was recorded in T3 which was statistically similar with T2 and T6. The highest straw yield of 6381 kg ha-1 was observed in T3. The lowest grain yield (3265 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4280 kg ha-1) was recorded in T3. The deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes enhanced both the recovery of applied N and N use efficiency in comparison with broadcast application of prilled urea. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 53-58 2018

scholarly journals Performance of Prilled Urea and Urea Super Granule by Applicators on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boro Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
ATMS Hossain ◽  
F Rahman ◽  
PK Saha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

A field experiment was conducted on validation of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) applied by applicators on yield and nitrogen use efficiency during Boro 2014 season at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur (AEZ 28). Six treatment combinations of different N doses and methods of N application were tested to compare urea-N application by PU and USG applicator for rice yield, N uptake and N use efficiency over urea broadcasting. Application of N as PU or USG through applicator has same effect on grain yield, N uptake and N use efficiency compared with urea broadcasting. Statistically similar grain yield were observed with N application as PU or USG @ 78 kg N ha-1 by applicator which was comparable with urea broadcasting @ 135 kg N ha-1. The N concentration and uptake in both panicle initiation (PI) and maturity stage were higher in USG deep placement than PU deep placement by applicators but the difference was not significant. Although agronomic use efficiency (AUE) of N was slightly higher in PU than USG applied by applicators but the recovery efficiency (RE) of N was higher in USG than PU. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 63-69

scholarly journals Nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan49 as influenced by different forms of N fertilizers under AWD condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Snigdha Khatun ◽  
Azmul Huda ◽  
M Mazibur Rahman ◽  
Mahbubul Alam Asad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Aman season of 2016 to evaluate the effects of deep placement of N fertilizers in the form of urea super granule (USG) and NPK briquettes in comparison with prilled urea (PU) on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan49. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.27, organic matter content 1.95% and total N 0.136%. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments include T1 (Control), T2 (PU, 104 kg N ha-1), T3 (USG, 104 kg N ha- 1), T4 (USG 78 kg N ha-1), T5 (USG, 52 kg N ha-1), T6 (NPK briquettes, 104 kg N ha-1), T7 (NPK briquettes, 78 kg N ha-1) and T8 (NPK briquettes, 52 kg N ha-1). All the treatments except T6, T7 and T8 received 16 kg P and 42 kg K ha-1 from TSP and MoP, respectively. In T6, T7 and T8 treatments, P and K were supplied from NPK briquettes. The PU was applied in three equal splits. The USG and NPK briquettes were deep placed 10 DAT and the briquettes were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at alternate rows. Application of PU, USG and NPK briquette under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) condition exerted significant influence on yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of BRRI dhan49. The maximum grain yield of 6311 kg ha-1 (100% increases over control) and straw yield of 6956 kg ha-1 was recorded in T3 (USG, 104 kg N ha-1). The second highest grain yield of 5865 kg ha-1 produced by T2 (PU, 104 kg N ha-1) was statistically similar with T4 (USG 78 kg N ha-1) and T6 (NPK briquettes, 104 kg N ha-1). The lowest grain yield (3155 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3908 kg ha-1) were recorded in T1 (Control). The deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes enhanced both the recovery of applied N and N use efficiency in comparison with broadcast application of prilled urea. The T5 (USG, 52 kg N ha-1) showed maximum apparent N recovery, and N use efficiency. Next to T5, the T4 depicted the position in respect of N recovery and N use efficiency. So the application of 78 kg N ha-1 in the form of USG can be recommended for the production of BRRI dhan49. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 27-33, April 2019

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