scholarly journals Development of Pea Breeding Lines with Resistance to Orobanche crenata Derived from Pea Landraces and Wild Pisum spp.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
Sara Fondevilla ◽  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Incomplete Resistance ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Pea (Pisum sativum) is an important grain legume worldwide whose cultivation is severely constrained by the root parasitic weed crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata), which is widespread in the Mediterranean Basin and Middle East. No resistance is available in commercialized cultivars but some levels of incomplete resistance has been reported in pea landraces and Pisum spp. relatives. In this paper we report the development of a number of advanced pea breeding lines with resistance derived from wide crosses with resistant P. fulvum, P. sativum ssp. elatius, P. sativum ssp. syriacum, and with pea landraces, and critically discuss current progress and future perspectives on pea breeding for broomrape resistance. Resistance of breeding lines was confirmed over five field trials, showing markedly reduced broomrape over ground emergence, and in rhizotron experiments, showing either reduced tubercle formation or, in some of the lines, also hampered tubercle development that might grow slower or even become necrotic and die. Breeding lines performed well agronomically, having similar or mostly higher yields than the parental pea cv. Messire in environments with high broomrape incidence.

scholarly journals Almond Anthracnose: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Ana López-Moral ◽  
Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽  
María Lovera ◽  
Octavio Arquero ◽  
Antonio Trapero
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Almond anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. has been described as one of the most important diseases of this nut crop in the main almond-growing regions worldwide, including California, Australia and Spain. Currently, almond anthracnose is considered a re-emerging disease in the countries across the Mediterranean Basin due to the shift of plantations from the original crop areas to others with climatic, edaphic and orographic conditions favoring crop growing and yield. The pathogen mainly affects fruit at the youngest maturity stages, causing depressed, round and orange or brown lesions with abundant gum. The affected fruits can fall prematurely and lead to the drying of branches, causing significant economic losses in years of epidemics. This review aims to compile the current knowledge on the etiology, epidemiology and management of this disease.

scholarly journals Disease resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) types for autumn sowings in Mediterranean environments - a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rubiales ◽  
M. Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
A. Moral ◽  
E. Barilli ◽  
J.C. Sillero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Spring Crop

Pea is an important grain legume mainly grown as spring crop in temperate regions. However, in areas with mild winters and dry springs, like Mediterranean type environments, spring pea types are autumn sown. Unfortunately, little efforts have been made so far in pea breeding for constraints typical of these environments, such as crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata), rust (Uromyces pisi), powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and ascochyta blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes). In this paper we revise the present state of the art in pea breeding against these diseases and we will critically discuss present progress and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Presence of a stridulatory apparatus in the manca stages of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 501-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Montesanto
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Stridulatory Apparatus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Armadilloofficinalis Duméril, 1816 (Armadillidae) is a widespread terrestrial isopod species in the Mediterranean basin and on the western coasts of the Black Sea. The species is adapted to live in xeric environments and has mainly nocturnal habits. This species is capable of producing stridulations, which is nowadays recognized as a synapomorphy of the genus. In both sexes, these vibrations are produced by a line of scales on the propodus of pereopod 4 and 5. The main goals of this study are: to describe the manca stages of Armadilloofficinalis; to detect the presence of the stridulatory apparatus in the manca stages; to evaluate the differences of such apparatus in the various manca stages. The manca stages (I, II, III) of Armadilloofficinalis are described for the first time showing: i, the shortest duration (known in literature) of the manca stage I (approximately 30 minutes); ii, the presence of a rudimental stridulatory organ that may be of great importance in terms of evolutionary aspects and adaptation to terrestrial life. Notes on the reproductive biology are also reported. Furthermore, some considerations on future perspectives for A.officinalis as a model species in biotremology are also discussed.

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

Unfinished and Less Authored Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. C. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Jewish Writers

The concept of textual unfinishedness played a role in a wide variety of cultures and contexts across the Mediterranean basin in antiquity and late antiquity. Chapter 2 documents examples of Greek, Roman, and Jewish writers reflecting explicitly in their own words about unfinished texts. Many writers claimed to have written unfinished texts on purpose for specific cultural reasons, while others claimed to have written texts that slipped out of their hands somehow with their permission.

The Alphabet and its Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Madadh Richey
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Generative Power ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alphabetic Writing ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The alphabet employed by the Phoenicians was the inheritor of a long tradition of alphabetic writing and was itself adapted for use throughout the Mediterranean basin by numerous populations speaking many languages. The present contribution traces the origins of the alphabet in Sinai and the Levant before discussing different alphabetic standardizations in Ugarit and Phoenician Tyre. The complex adaptation of the latter for representation of the Greek language is described in detail, then some brief attention is given to likely—Etruscan and other Italic alphabets—and possible (Iberian and Berber) descendants of the Phoenician alphabet. Finally, it is stressed that current research does not view the Phoenician and other alphabets as inherently simpler, more easily learned, or more democratic than other writing systems. The Phoenician alphabet remains, nevertheless, an impressive technological development worthy, especially by virtue of its generative power, of detailed study ranging from paleographic and orthographic specifications to social and political contextualization.

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