Effects of Node Position and Electric Conductivity of Nutrient Solution on Adventitious Rooting of Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) Cuttings

Nasturtium is a popular herbal plant, widely cultivated as culinary and medicinal plants all over the world. However, the seed propagation of nasturtium is inefficient, and in-vitro propagation is sophisticated and high-cost. In this study, the cutting propagation method was employed to produce nasturtium seedlings. We aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cutting propagation of nasturtium seedlings by investigating the effects of node position and electric conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution on the root formation of the cuttings. Cuttings from five node positions (apical bud, 2nd node, 3rd node, 4th node, and 5th node) were subjected to water and five EC (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 dS m−1) treatments with a hydroponic cultivation system in a plant factory. Results showed that all cuttings rooted successfully within two weeks. The cuttings from the apical bud position rooted earliest and produced the most roots regardless of EC level. Cuttings from other node positions produced longer roots and heavier root fresh and dry weights than those from the apical bud position. The cuttings under EC of 1.0 dS m−1 had the greatest root number, the longest root length, and the heaviest root fresh and dry weights regardless of node positions. The EC of 1.0 dS m−1 is considered the best condition for nasturtium cuttings for the range of EC tested in this study, and the cuttings from all the five node positions can be used as seedling materials.

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Period of harvest, sprouting ability of cuttings, and in vitro plant regeneration in Fraxinus excelsior

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b94-035 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Conceição Eneida Silveira ◽

Alain Cottignies

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Adventitious Roots ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Fraxinus Excelsior ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Apical Bud ◽

Woody Plant Medium

Propagation by stem cuttings and in vitro culture of apical bud explants were studied on Fraxinus excelsior L. Stem cuttings from 4- to 7-year-old trees growing under natural conditions sprouted only when cuttings were taken from dormant material. Only 6% of those that had sprouted developed roots by the 7th month of culture. Similarly, only apical bud explants harvested during the dormant period sprouted in vitro. Up to 87% of these sprouts developed two to four branching adventitious roots after 5 months of culture. During the initial phase of in vitro culture, the Quoirin and Lepoivre medium and the woody plant medium favoured sprout lengthening. During the phase of multiplication, up to three sprouts per explant developed with the woody plant medium in the presence of a combination of high 6-benzylaminopurine (3.0–4.0 mg∙L−1) and low indole-3-butyric acid (0.01–0.03 mg∙L−1) concentrations. Rooting was obtained in a medium without any growth regulators. Microscopic analysis showed a direct connection between the vascular elements of adventitious roots and stem of plantlet. Chromosome number in root apices of ash plantlets and ash trees grown under natural conditions was 2n = 46. Key words: chromosome number, Fraxinus excelsior L., in vitro plants, micropropagation, stem cuttings.

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SEMI-HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION AS A SELECTION TOOL FOR ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN FORAGE GRASSES

Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG ◽

10.13083/reveng.v24i4.654 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 350-356

Author(s):

Gustavo André Colombo ◽

Aurélio Vaz-de-Melo ◽

Gilberto Coutinho Machado Filho ◽

André Silva de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Aluminum Toxicity ◽

Aluminum Tolerance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Brachiaria Humidicola ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Constant Improvement

The constant improvement of selection methods is necessary in order to optimize efficiency of breeding programs for aluminum tolerance. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a vase volume to the ideal semi-hydroponic cultivation of forage grasses subjected to stress by aluminum in nutrient solution. The experimental design completely randomized, with four replicates, each replicate consisting of one plant per vase. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design 4x5, being the first factor consists of four genotypes of forage grasses Brachiaria Humidicola; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã; Panicum maximum cv. Massai and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and the second consisting of five separate volumes plastics vases where seedlings were grown (0.2; 0.25; 0.3; 0.35 and 0.4 dm³). The grasses grown in a semi-hydroponics system irrigated with nutrient solution rich in aluminum (3 mg L-1). Was measured plant height, dry weight of aereal part and root length. The semi-hydroponic cultivation in aluminum increased nutrient solution is effective in differentiation of forage grasses genotypes in relation to aluminum tolerance. Pots volumes near 0.3 dm3 promote greater development for root and aerial part attributes in forage grasses grown in nutrient solution with aluminum toxicity.

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Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202044013320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Donato da Silva Souza ◽

Geronimo Ferreira da Silva ◽

Sirleide Maria de Menezes ◽

José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽

José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Brackish Waters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.

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Methods of Auxin Application in Cutting Propagation: A Review of 70 Years of Scientific Discovery and Commercial Practice

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-25.3.166 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 166-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eugene K. Blythe ◽

Jeff L. Sibley ◽

Ken M. Tilt ◽

John M. Ruter

Keyword(s):

Scientific Discovery ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Worker Safety ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Cutting Propagation ◽

Commercial Practice ◽

The Past ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Application Methods ◽

Basic And Applied Research

Abstract The discovery of auxins as plant growth regulating chemicals in the 1930s and their ability to stimulate adventitious rooting in stem cuttings marked a major milestone in the modern history of plant propagation. Basic and applied research conducted during the past 70 years has provided information regarding absorption and translocation of auxin in cuttings, as well as the effects of timing of auxin application, methods of auxin application, type of auxin, and concentration of auxin on the rooting response of cuttings. The basal quick-dip method, the powder application method, and the dilute soak method have been the most commonly used methods for applying auxin to cuttings in commercial horticulture over the past 7 decades, with the first two methods still in common use today. In addition, a wide variety of other auxin application methods have been reported beginning in the 1930s and continuing to the present. Some of these methods remain primarily of historical interest, several find limited use in commercial horticulture, and others show potential for greater use in the future. Opportunities exist for further development of auxin application techniques that can enhance plant quality, efficiency and productivity of the cutting propagation process, and worker safety. This review provides horticulturists, from the academic researcher to the commercial propagator, with an exploration of auxin application methods over the past 70 years, along with an examination of the physiological response of cuttings to applied auxin and an overview of issues leading to future opportunities.

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Micropropagation of Achillea millefolium L. on half-strength ms medium and direct rooting and acclimatization of microshoots in hydroponic culture

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1511099m ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 99-112

Author(s):

Marija Markovic ◽

Dragana Skocajic ◽

Mihailo Grbic ◽

Matilda Djukic ◽

Dragica Obratov-Petkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Ph Value ◽

Ex Vitro Rooting ◽

In Vitro Rooting ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Half Strength

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of micropropagation of the medicinal plant A. millefolium on half-strength MS medium and ex vitro rooting and acclimatization of the obtained microshoots in hydroculture in order to establish an efficient production method. Two explant types were used: basal and terminal cuttings, and better results were achieved when terminal cuttings were used. The development of shoots in the multiplication phase was successful with a regeneration percentage of 100%. Ex vitro rooting in a modified Hoagland nutrient solution was successful (83%), but the percentage of in vitro rooting on half-strength MS medium without hormones was higher (95%). However, bearing in mind that mass production of A. millefolium is more efficient when the phase of in vitro rooting is excluded, this method could be recommended for commercial propagation of this medicinal plant. It is necessary to conduct additional research in order to optimize the composition, EC and pH value of the hydroponic nutrient solution.

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Clonal bamboo production based on in vitro culture

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-48169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Anatálya dos Santos Ribeiro ◽

Alexssandra Jéssica Rondon de Figueiredo ◽

Gabriela Cristina Rech Tormen ◽

André Luís Lopes da Silva ◽

Wellington Ferreira Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Large Scale ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Clonal Plant ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

In Vitro Establishment

Bamboo species are an alternative for the composition of forest plantations. However, their potential has not been explored due to the hard time in producing large-scale clonal plants. Thus, the aim this work was to evaluate the in vitro establishment, bud multiplication and ex vitro rooting of Bambusa vulgaris. The first experiment tested different systemic and contact fungicide solutions, based on exposure time, during the establishment phase. Established explants were subjected to evaluation of residual fungicide effect on subcultures during the multiplication and elongation phases. The second experiment evaluated the influence of activated carbon on ex vitro survival and on adventitious rooting. Explant immersion in liquid culture medium added with 1.0 mL of fungicide for 120 hours has favored the in vitro establishment and reduced fungal contamination. On the other hand, it favored the shoot emission of shoots per explant during the multiplication phase. Both rooting induction culture medium and mini-incubator system use were effective in enabling adventitious root formation. The presence of activated carbon in the rooting induction culture medium resulted in a higher clonal plant survival rate.

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Propagation of Juniper Species by Plant Tissue Culture: A Mini-Review

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10111028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hazubska-Przybył

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Protective Action ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Dry Climates ◽

Coniferous Tree Species ◽

Seed Propagation

The genus Juniperus (of the Cupressaceae family) is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. Juniper species are widely dispersed in the Northern Hemisphere, in Europe and Asia, and in Africa and Central America. Juniper species are resistant to dry climates and can adapt to difficult environmental conditions. Most juniper species are important in both ecological and economic terms. However, today, many forests in which junipers occur are being reduced in size due to both natural causes (fires, for example) and human activity (uncontrolled exploitation of forests, etc.). Also, climate changes may have adversely affected the range of populations of different juniper species. For this reason, some juniper species are now categorized as rare or endangered, and require immediate protective action. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for ex situ conservation, including reliable procedures for Juniperus sp. reproduction for future reintroduction and restoration programs. The conservation strategies used until now with traditional forestry techniques (seed propagation, rooted cuttings, grafting) have not been satisfactory in many cases. Thus, increasing attention is being paid to the possibilities offered by in vitro culture technology, which enables the conservation and mass clonal propagation of different coniferous tree species. In this mini-review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the use of various methods of the propagation of selected Juniperus species, with a particular emphasis on in vitro culture techniques.

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Secretion of H+ and K+ by bullfrog gastric mucosa: characterization of K+ transport pathway

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1980.239.6.g485 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 239 (6) ◽

pp. G485-G492

Author(s):

P. C. Sen ◽

L. L. Tague ◽

T. K. Ray

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Rana Catesbeiana ◽

Transport Pathway ◽

Mucosal Side ◽

Apical Membranes ◽

K Transport ◽

Co2 Addition

The transport of K+ and H+ (both expressed as mueq/h) by in vitro chambered bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) gastric mucosa have been studied under a variety of conditions such as anoxia, addition of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS) into the secretory solution, inclusion of ouabain in the nutrient solution, addition of thiocyanate (SCN-) into the mucosal solution, and replacement of nutrient chloride (Cl-) with sulfate (SO4(2-)), or gluconate (Gl). Anoxia reversibly reduced the H+ transport close to zero within 15 min and gradually reduces the K+ transport throughout the 2-h period of anoxia. The presence of 2.5 X 10(-4) M mucosal PCMBS in the histamine-stimulated mucosa increases the K+ transport, which is promptly reduced by changing the gas phase to 95% N2-5% CO2. Addition of ouabain to the nutrient solution of the histamine-stimulated mucosa with PCMBS on the mucosal side significantly (P < 0.05) reduces the K+ transport within 60 min. Addition of SCN- to the mucosal solution of a histamine-stimulated mucosa with regular nutrient or O, K+ nutrient and 10, K+ mucosal solution reduces the H+ transport to near zero within 60 min. This SCN- inhibition can be reversed by elevating secretory K+. Substitution of nutrient Cl- with SO4(2-) or Gl in the histamine-stimulated mucosa reversibly inhibits H+ transport and reduces K+ transport to a low level (0.7 +/- 0.05). Our data suggest that the K+ transport across the apical membranes of gastric cells is to a large extent a passive carrier-mediated process, and the transport of both K+ and Cl- are coupled at the apical membrane.

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