Osmotic Stress or Ionic Composition: Which Affects the Early Growth of Crop Species More?

Salinization is a key soil degradation process. An estimated 20% of total cultivated lands and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands worldwide are affected by high salinity. Much research has investigated the influence of salt (mainly NaCl) on plants, but very little is known about how this is related to natural salinity and osmotic stress. Therefore, our study was conducted to determine the osmotic and ionic salt stress responses of selected C3 and C4 cultivated plants. We focused on the early growth stages as those critical for plant development. We applied natural brine to simulate natural salinity and to compare its effect to NaCl solution. We assessed traits related to germination ability, seedlings and plantlet morphology, growth indexes, and biomass and water accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the effects of salinity on growth are strongest among plantlets. Salinity most affected water absorption in C3 plants (28% of total traits variation), but plant length in C4 plants (17–27%). Compensatory effect of ions from brine were suggested by the higher model plants’ growth success of ca 5–7% under brine compared to the NaCl condition. However, trait differences indicated that osmotic stress was the main stress factor affecting the studied plants.

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Assessment of relative sensitivities during early growth stages of selected crop species subjected to simulated acidic rain

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/bf00630848 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (1-2) ◽

pp. 325-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. J. Enyedi ◽

A. L. Kuja

Keyword(s):

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Crop Species ◽

Acidic Rain

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Assessment of Relative Sensitivities During Early Growth Stages of Selected Crop Species Subjected to Simulated Acidic Rain

Acidic Precipitation ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_140 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 1379-1389

Author(s):

A. J. Enyedi ◽

A. L. Kuja

Keyword(s):

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Crop Species ◽

Acidic Rain

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Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Igor G. Loskutov ◽

Elena K. Khlestkina

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Crop Species ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Staple Foods ◽

Functional Components ◽

Oat Breeding

Cereal grains provide half of the calories consumed by humans. In addition, they contain important compounds beneficial for health. During the last years, a broad spectrum of new cereal grain-derived products for dietary purposes emerged on the global food market. Special breeding programs aimed at cultivars utilizable for these new products have been launched for both the main sources of staple foods (such as rice, wheat, and maize) and other cereal crops (oat, barley, sorghum, millet, etc.). The breeding paradigm has been switched from traditional grain quality indicators (for example, high breadmaking quality and protein content for common wheat or content of protein, lysine, and starch for barley and oat) to more specialized ones (high content of bioactive compounds, vitamins, dietary fibers, and oils, etc.). To enrich cereal grain with functional components while growing plants in contrast to the post-harvesting improvement of staple foods with natural and synthetic additives, the new breeding programs need a source of genes for the improvement of the content of health benefit components in grain. The current review aims to consider current trends and achievements in wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health-benefiting components. The sources of these valuable genes are plant genetic resources deposited in genebanks: landraces, rare crop species, or even wild relatives of cultivated plants. Traditional plant breeding approaches supplemented with marker-assisted selection and genetic editing, as well as high-throughput chemotyping techniques, are exploited to speed up the breeding for the desired genotуpes. Biochemical and genetic bases for the enrichment of the grain of modern cereal crop cultivars with micronutrients, oils, phenolics, and other compounds are discussed, and certain cases of contributions to special health-improving diets are summarized. Correlations between the content of certain bioactive compounds and the resistance to diseases or tolerance to certain abiotic stressors suggest that breeding programs aimed at raising the levels of health-benefiting components in cereal grain might at the same time match the task of developing cultivars adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions.

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Coastal Mangrove Response to Marine Erosion: Evaluating the Impacts of Spatial Distribution and Vegetation Growth in Bangkok Bay from 1987 to 2017

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12020220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Han Xiao ◽

Fenzhen Su ◽

Dongjie Fu ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Chong Huang

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Human Disturbances ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Two Parameters ◽

The Impact

Long time-series monitoring of mangroves to marine erosion in the Bay of Bangkok, using Landsat data from 1987 to 2017, shows responses including landward retreat and seaward extension. Quantitative assessment of these responses with respect to spatial distribution and vegetation growth shows differing relationships depending on mangrove growth stage. Using transects perpendicular to the shoreline, we calculated the cross-shore mangrove extent (width) to represent spatial distribution, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent vegetation growth. Correlations were then compared between mangrove seaside changes and the two parameters—mangrove width and NDVI—at yearly and 10-year scales. Both spatial distribution and vegetation growth display positive impacts on mangrove ecosystem stability: At early growth stages, mangrove stability is positively related to spatial distribution, whereas at mature growth the impact of vegetation growth is greater. Thus, we conclude that at early growth stages, planting width and area are more critical for stability, whereas for mature mangroves, management activities should focus on sustaining vegetation health and density. This study provides new rapid insights into monitoring and managing mangroves, based on analyses of parameters from historical satellite-derived information, which succinctly capture the net effect of complex environmental and human disturbances.

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Effect of sodium silicate on early growth stages of wheat under drought stress

Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13765-020-00532-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sang Gyu Lee ◽

Hyeri Lee ◽

Byung Cheon Lee ◽

Hojoung Lee ◽

Jun Cheol Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages

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Classification of images of wheat, ryegrass and brome grass species at early growth stages using principal component analysis

Plant Methods ◽

10.1186/1746-4811-7-28 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Mahmood R Golzarian ◽

Ross A Frick

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Early Growth ◽

Grass Species ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Classification Of Images ◽

Brome Grass

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Systematic discovery and characterization of stress-related microRNA genes in Oryza sativa

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Bin Xie ◽

Xue Zhou ◽

Tian Hai Zhang ◽

Bao Long Zhang ◽

Li Ming Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Systematic Investigation ◽

Chemical Toxicity ◽

Promoter Regions ◽

Crop Species ◽

Translation Inhibition ◽

Microrna Genes ◽

Insight Into

AbstractAbiotic stresses including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, chemical toxicity and oxidative are the natural status of the environment to exert serious threats to agriculture. Abiotic stress-related microRNAs (ASmiRNAs) are a group of microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating stress responses in plants. However, the systematic investigation of ASmiRNAs is limited in Rice (O. sativa), a typical abiotic stress-resistant crop species. In the present work, we systematically investigated ASmiRNAs in silico. First, we identified 177 putative ASmiRNAs in O.sativa. Second, we found most ASmiRNAs were driven by TATA-promoter and most stress-related miRNA promoter regions contained the stress-related elements. Third, we found many ASmiRNAs families were species/family specific and a set of miRNAs might derive from genomic repeat-sequences in O. sativa. Finally, we found the ASmiRNAs in O. sativa target 289 genes with 1050 predicted target sites in which 98% sites have cleavage activity and 2% sites have translation inhibition activity. In conclusion, our findings provide an insight into both the function and evolution of ASmiRNAs and improve our understanding on the mechanism of abiotic stress resistance in O. sativa.

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