scholarly journals VaCRK2 Mediates Gray Mold Resistance in Vitis amurensis by Activating the Jasmonate Signaling Pathway

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Tinggang Li ◽  
Huanhuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoning Tang ◽  
Dongying Gong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
Ja Signaling

Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are ubiquitous plant receptor-like kinases, which play a significant role in plant disease resistance. Gray mold is an economically important disease of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea. However, CRK genes and their function in gray mold disease resistance in grapes have not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify and characterize CRKs in grapes and determine their role in gray mold resistance. Four CRKs were identified in Vitis amurensis and named VaCRK1–VaCRK4 according to their genomic distribution. The four VaCRKs were ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to study their function in defense response against B. cinerea. Heterologous expression of VaCRK2 in A. thaliana conferred resistance to B. cinerea. VaCRK2 expression in gray mold-resistant grape cultivar increased significantly after B. cinerea inoculation and methyl jasmonate treatment. Furthermore, the expression of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway-related genes in VaCRK2 overexpression lines of A. thaliana was significantly increased after B. cinerea inoculation, leading to the upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Overall, these results suggest that VaCRK2 confers resistance to B. cinerea by activating PR gene expression and oxidative burst through the JA signaling pathway.

RIN13-mediated disease resistance depends on the SNC1–EDS1/PAD4 signaling pathway in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 7393-7404
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jingjing He ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Abstract Plants have evolved an innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogen invasion with the help of intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors, though the mechanisms remain largely undefined. RIN13 (RPM1-interacting protein 13) was previously reported to enhance disease resistance, and suppress RPM1 (a CNL-type NLR)-mediated hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis via an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, we show that RIN13 is a nuclear-localized protein, and functions therein. Overexpression of RIN13 leads to autoimmunity with high accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related genes, enhanced resistance to a virulent pathogen, and dwarfism. In addition, genetic and transcriptome analyses show that SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways are both required for RIN13-mediated disease resistance, with the EDS1/PAD4 complex as an integration point. RIN13-induced dwarfism was rescued completely by either the pad4-1 or the eds1-2 mutant but partially by snc1-r1, a mutant of the TNL gene SNC1, suggesting the involvement of EDS1/PAD4 and SNC1 in RIN13 functioning. Furthermore, transient expression assays indicated that RIN13 promotes the nuclear accumulation of PAD4. Collectively, our study uncovered a signaling pathway whereby SNC1 and EDS1/PAD4 act together to modulate RIN13-triggered plant defense responses.

scholarly journals Antitoxin EndoAI can induce disease resistance in tobacco as a protein elicitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wei Yan ◽  
Wen Zhi Liu ◽  
Wen Qing Yu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Chang Jiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
System Component ◽  
Pr Genes

Abstract Background The antitoxin EndoAI is a TA system component that directly inhibits EndoA activity in vitro. The targeted activation of a TA system represents a potentially novel antimicrobial or antiviral strategy. However, whether the antitoxin functions alone and can induce plant disease resistance remain unknown. Results An endoAI was previously identified in the genome of Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4. It underwent a bioinformatics analysis, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Then the functions of EndoAI inducing plant resistance to diseases as an elicitor were evaluated. The results showed that, EndoAI is a stable, alkaline, and hydrophilic protein, with a J-shaped three-dimensional structure in the absence of a ligand. It was clustered on the same branch with an antitoxin from Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2. Ectopically expressed EndoAI triggered a reactive oxygen species burst and a positive hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves. Moreover, 2 μmol EndoAI induced HR activity in tomato leaf, and it remained active after a 15-min exposure at 4–50 °C, and pH 6–8. Additionally, EndoAI induced plant systemic resistance against Alternaria alternata and tobacco mosaic virus, and the up-regulated transcription of PR genes, including PR1a, PR1b, PR5, PDF1.2, COL1, NPR1, and PAL. Conclusions These results imply that EndoAI may enhance the disease resistance of tobacco by promoting a series of early defense responses and up-regulating PR gene expression. These findings are relevant for future investigations on the mechanism underlying the EndoAI–plant interaction that leads to enhanced disease resistance. Furthermore, the endoAI may be useful for developing effective biocontrol agents to protect plants from diseases. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Research progress of NPR genes in signal pathway of salicylic acid mediated plant disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Meiqin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to be an endogenous signal molecule in plants, and it is related to many resistances in plants. In Arabidopsis, Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene1 (NPR1) mediates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induced by SA. NPR1 is a key factor in SA signaling pathway, and the research shows that NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 play a key role in SA mediated plant disease resistance. In this review, the interaction between NPR and transcription factors is discussed, and we also describe the progress of NPR in SA mediated SAR signal transduction pathway, likewise, we introduce the relationship between NPR1 and its paralogues NPR3/NPR4. This paper analyzes the research prospect of NPR as the intersection of multiple signal paths.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Deficiency in Arabidopsis Induces Constitutive Priming That is Dependent on Hydrogen Peroxide, Salicylic Acid, and the NPR1 Gene

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumati Mukherjee ◽  
Katherine E. Larrimore ◽  
Naushin J. Ahmed ◽  
Tyler S. Bedick ◽  
Nadia T. Barghouthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

The ascorbic acid (AA)-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana vtc1-1 mutant exhibits increased resistance to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. This response correlates with heightened levels of salicylic acid (SA), which induces antimicrobial pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. To determine if SA-mediated, enhanced disease resistance is a general phenomenon of AA deficiency, to elucidate the signal that stimulates SA synthesis, and to identify the biosynthetic pathway through which SA accumulates, we studied the four AA-deficient vtc1-1, vtc2-1, vtc3-1, and vtc4-1 mutants. We also studied double mutants defective in the AA-biosynthetic gene VTC1 and the SA signaling pathway genes PAD4, EDS5, and NPR1, respectively. All vtc mutants were more resistant to P. syringae than the wild type. With the exception of vtc4-1, this correlated with constitutively upregulated H2O2, SA, and messenger RNA levels of PR genes. Double mutants exhibited decreased SA levels and enhanced susceptibility to P. syringae compared with the wild type, suggesting that vtc1-1 requires functional PAD4, EDS5, and NPR1 for SA biosynthesis and pathogen resistance. We suggest that AA deficiency causes constitutive priming through a buildup of H2O2 that stimulates SA accumulation, conferring enhanced disease resistance in vtc1-1, vtc2-1, and vtc3-1, whereas vtc4-1 might be sensitized to H2O2 and SA production after infection.

scholarly journals The OsMPK15 Negatively Regulates Magnaporthe oryza and Xoo Disease Resistance via SA and JA Signaling Pathway in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbo Hong ◽  
Qunen Liu ◽  
Yongrun Cao ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Daibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ja Signaling

scholarly journals Sucrose-Mediated Priming of Plant Defense Responses and Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance by Overexpression of the Maize Pathogenesis-Related PRms Protein in Rice Plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 832-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Sonia Campo ◽  
Mar Rufat ◽  
Montserrat Estopà ◽  
Joaquima Messeguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Mediated Priming

Expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes is part of the plant's natural defense response against pathogen attack. The PRms gene encodes a fungal-inducible PR protein from maize. Here, we demonstrate that expression of PRms in transgenic rice confers broad-spectrum protection against pathogens, including fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium verticillioides, and Helminthosporium oryzae) and bacterial (Erwinia chrysanthemi) pathogens. The PRms-mediated disease resistance in rice plants is associated with an enhanced capacity to express and activate the natural plant defense mechanisms. Thus, PRms rice plants display a basal level of expression of endogenous defense genes in the absence of the pathogen. PRms plants also exhibit stronger and quicker defense responses during pathogen infection. We also have found that sucrose accumulates at higher levels in leaves of PRms plants. Sucrose responsiveness of rice defense genes correlates with the pathogen-responsive priming of their expression in PRms rice plants. Moreover, pretreatment of rice plants with sucrose enhances resistance to M. oryzae infection. Together, these results support a sucrose-mediated priming of defense responses in PRms rice plants which results in broad-spectrum disease resistance.

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