scholarly journals Critical Evaluation of Two Commercial Biocontrol Agents for Their Efficacy against B. cinerea under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions in Relation to Different Abiotic Factors

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Gurkan Tut ◽  
Naresh Magan ◽  
Philp Brain ◽  
Xiangming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

The study evaluated the dose–response relationship of two commercial microbial biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis and Gliocladium catenulatum, against Botrytis cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. Inoculum doses, formulation, temperature and foliar leaf part all affected the control achieved by the two BCAs. In vitro competition assays on modified PDA plates tested a range of BCA doses (log10 3–10 CFUs or spores/droplet) at 4, 10 and 20 °C on the development of B. cinerea colonies. The dose–response relationship was influenced by both the BCA formulation and temperature. In vivo studies on lettuce plants in semi-commercial greenhouses examined the BCA dose (log10 5–9 CFUs or spores/mL) for controlling B. cinerea with a high inoculum (log10 6 spores/mL). Leaf disc assays showed that the dose–response relationship was influenced by the leaf parts sampled. These results suggest that the dose–response relationship between a BCA and specific pathogen will be significantly influenced by environmental conditions, formulation and plant phyllosplane tissue.

Differences in in vivo and in vitro sequence-specific sites of cisplatin-DNA adduct formation and detection of a dose-response relationship

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn J. Bubley ◽  
Beverly A. Teicher ◽  
George K. Ogata ◽  
Larue S. Sandoval ◽  
Tetsuya Kusumoto
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Adduct Formation ◽  
Dna Adduct ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

Commentary on ‘Resveratrol commonly displays hormesis: Occurrence and biomedical significance’

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
High Doses

Many phenolics found naturally in food have the capacity to show beneficial effects at low doses and toxicity at high doses in in vitro systems. Resveratrol is no exception. Nonetheless, in the nutritional context, the evidence that resveratrol shows hormetic effects is very limited and is of questionable relevance given its rapid metabolism in the stomach. Hormesis can only be confirmed if evidence for a J- or U-shaped dose-response relationship is found in in vivo doses that are relevant to human intakes.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Calabadion and Sugammadex to Reverse Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular-blocking Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Haerter ◽  
Jeroen Cedric Peter Simons ◽  
Urs Foerster ◽  
Ingrid Moreno Duarte ◽  
Daniel Diaz-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Competition Binding ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background The authors evaluated the comparative effectiveness of calabadion 2 to reverse non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs) by binding and inactivation. Methods The dose–response relationship of drugs to reverse vecuronium-, rocuronium-, and cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block (NMB) was evaluated in vitro (competition binding assays and urine analysis), ex vivo (n = 34; phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparation), and in vivo (n = 108; quadriceps femoris muscle of the rat). Cumulative dose–response curves of calabadions, neostigmine, or sugammadex were created ex vivo at a steady-state deep NMB. In living rats, the authors studied the dose–response relationship of the test drugs to reverse deep block under physiologic conditions, and they measured the amount of calabadion 2 excreted in the urine. Results In vitro experiments showed that calabadion 2 binds rocuronium with 89 times the affinity of sugammadex (Ka = 3.4 × 109 M−1 and Ka = 3.8 × 107 M−1). The results of urine analysis (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), competition binding assays, and ex vivo study obtained in the absence of metabolic deactivation are in accordance with an 1:1 binding ratio of sugammadex and calabadion 2 toward rocuronium. In living rats, calabadion 2 dose-dependently and rapidly reversed all NMBAs tested. The molar potency of calabadion 2 to reverse vecuronium and rocuronium was higher compared with that of sugammadex. Calabadion 2 was eliminated renally and did not affect blood pressure or heart rate. Conclusions Calabadion 2 reverses NMB induced by benzylisoquinolines and steroidal NMBAs in rats more effectively, i.e., faster than sugammadex. Calabadion 2 is eliminated in the urine and well tolerated in rats.

scholarly journals Factors that Determine the in vivo Dose-Response Relationship for Stable Chromosome Aberrations in A-Bomb Survivors

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIO A. AWA ◽  
MIMAKO NAKANO ◽  
KAZUO OHTAKI ◽  
YOSHIAKI KODAMA ◽  
JOE LUCAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

scholarly journals Modified method of erythropoietin (ESF) bioassay in vitro using mouse fetal liver cells. I. Effect of serum iron on 59Fe incorporation into heme

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
G de Klerk ◽  
C Kruiswijk ◽  
AA Hart ◽  
R Goudsmit
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Potency Ratio ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Fetal Liver Cells ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Investigations on the mouse fetal liver cell bioassay for erythropoietin (ESF) have revealed that iron present in test sera significantly dilutes the radiolabel (59Fe) and thus decreases 59Fe incorporation into heme. A method of correction for the influence of iron on the dose-response relationship of human sera is presented. Application of this method made it possible to assay human sera up to culture concentrations of 150 microliter/ml. It was shown that a corrected serum dose-response curve showed parallelism to the curve of an ESF standard preparation. This suggests similarity of the active principles and allows valid estimation of a potency ratio.

scholarly journals Oral Artesunate Dose-Response Relationship in Acute Falciparum Malaria

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Angus ◽  
Itaporn Thaiaporn ◽  
Kenechanh Chanthapadith ◽  
Yupin Suputtamongkol ◽  
Nicholas J. White
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The combination of an oral artemisinin derivative (usually artesunate) and mefloquine has become standard treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in several parts of Southeast Asia. The doses of artesunate used in monotherapy and combination treatment have largely been derived empirically. In order to characterize the in vivo dose-response relationship for artesunate and thus rationalize dosing, 47 adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and parasitemia ≥1% were randomized to receive a single oral dose of artesunate varying between 0 and 250 mg together with a curative dose of oral mefloquine. Acceleration of parasite clearance was used as the pharmacodynamic variable. An inhibitory sigmoidal maximum effect (E max) pharmacodynamic model typical of a dose-response curve was fitted to the relationship between dose and shortening of parasite clearance time (PCT). The E max was estimated as 28.6 oral h, and the 50% effective concentration was 1.6 mg/kg of body weight. These results imply that there is no reduction in PCTs with the use of single doses of artesunate higher than 2 mg/kg, and this therefore reflects the average lower limit of the maximally effective dose.

scholarly journals The various dose-dependent effect of selenium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles in vitro and application of the hormesis paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Panov ◽  
Ilzira A. Minigalieva ◽  
Tatyana V. Bushueva ◽  
Elizaveta P. Artemenko ◽  
Iuliia V. Ryabova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Human Fibroblast ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Selenium Oxide

Introduction. In vitro studies on a culture of cardiomyocytes have shown that dose-response relationships could be monotonic for some effects and non-monotonic for others. In this work, we wanted to demonstrate that these features of the dose-response relationship are a general pattern. Materials and methods. In vitro experiments were conducted on the culture of human fibroblast-like cells FLECH-104. The cytotoxicity of spherical nanoparticles of selenium oxide (SeO-NP) and copper oxide (CuO-NP) was studied with an average diameter of 51 ± 14 nm and 21 ± 4 nm, respectively. Results. SeO-NP and CuO-NP were cytotoxic for human fibroblast-like cells, as judged by a decrease in ATP-dependent luminescence. In this case, the cytotoxicity of CuO-NP was somewhat more substantial than the SeO-NP one. Our experiment revealed doses that cause both cell hypertrophy and a decrease in the size of cells and nuclei. Discussion. We observed both monotonic and different variants of the non-monotonic dose-response relationship. For the latter, it was possible to construct adequate mathematical expressions based on the generalized hormesis paradigm that we had considered earlier concerning the CdS-NP and PbS-NP cytotoxicity for cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. The general rule is the variability of the dose-response dependence types manifested in different cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles.

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