scholarly journals Increased Number of Spikelets per Panicle Is the Main Factor in Higher Yield of Transplanted vs. Direct-Seeded Rice

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Mai ◽  
Buhailiqem Abliz ◽  
Xiangrong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Direct Seeded

With increasing water shortages and labor costs, rice planting is gradually undergoing a transformation from traditional transplanting to direct seeding. However, the yield of direct-seeded rice is unstable and the reasons for this instability are disputed. Therefore, we established a field experiment conducted over 3 years to investigate the reasons for the difference in rice yield under different planting methods. The planting methods compared were transplanting (TR), broadcast sowing (BS), and sowing in line (SL). The yield of rice under TR was higher (10,390 kg ha−1) than that of BS (7790.7 kg ha−1) and SL (9105.2 kg ha−1). Given that the harvest index showed little variation among the three planting methods, the yield differences reflected that shoot dry matter production under TR was higher. Two reasons for the latter observation are suggested: (1) the planting density under TR was lower than that under BS and SL, thus competition for nutrient resources would have been reduced; (2) the growth period of TR was longer. The higher shoot dry matter accumulation under TR contributed to enhanced panicle number per m2 and number of spikelets per panicle than under BS. A significant correlation between number of spikelets per panicle and yield was observed. Although yield was highest under TR, the costs under TR were the highest among the three planting methods. In contrast, the benefit-to-cost ratio under SL was higher than that of TR and BS. The higher yield under TR reflected the production of larger spikelets per panicle than those produced under direct-seeding methods. However, the benefits of SL are conducive to enhanced profitability of rice production.

scholarly journals The nitrogen topdressing mode of indica-japonica and indica hybrid rice are different after side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yikai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractDetermination of the optimal fertilization method is crucial to maximize nitrogen use efficiency and yield of different rice cultivars. Side-deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen, in conjunction with machine transplanting and subsequent topdressing, was applied to Indica–japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou1540’ (YY1540) and indica hybrid rice ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ (TYHZ). Four nitrogen treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen (T1), single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen (T2), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering (T3), or at panicle initiation (T4). Side-deep fertilization reduced the fertilizer application frequency without causing yield loss, T4 enhanced the yield of YY1540 by increasing the number of productive tillers and number of spikelets per panicle compared with T1, T2 and T3. The yield of TYHZ showed no significant difference among treatments. The T4 treatment decreased the number of tillers at the tilling peak stage and increased the percentage productive tillers and number of differentiated spikelets. Compared with the other treatments, T4 increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index during panicle initiation and grain ripening, and contributed to enhanced nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in YY1540. On average, nitrogen uptake and utilization in YY1540 were highest in T4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed in TYHZ. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake from panicle initiation to heading of YY1540 were correlated with number of spikelets per panicle, but no significant correlations were observed for TYHZ. Supplementary topdressing with quick-release nitrogen at the panicle initiation stage was required to increase yield of indica–japonica hybrid rice, whereas single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen is satisfactory for the indica hybrid cultivar.

Diurnal and Developmental Changes in Canopy Gas Exchange in Relation to Growth in Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Flooded Rice

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dingkuhn ◽  
HF Schnier ◽  
SKD Datta ◽  
E Wijangco ◽  
K Dorffling
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

Transplanted and direct-seeded flooded rice were compared in a field experiment using identical planting density and geometry. Leaf area index (LAI), plant dry weight, and tiller number were determined at 7-14 d intervals from seeding to maturity. Canopy CO2 and H2O exchange were measured using a mobile depletion-chamber system which requires 1-1.5 minutes per measurement. The canopy CO2 assimilation rates confirmed the plant dry matter accumulation observed. Diurnal measurements of net CO2 assimilation and night respiration indicated a mild midday/afternoon depression that depended on the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Light response of canopy CO2 assimilation exhibited light saturation at full daylight when LAI was lower than 1. No light saturation was observed at higher LAI. Transplanting shock in transplanted rice reduced net assimilation rates and delayed foliage expansion and tillering by 15 days. Crop development was retarded by 7 days. Uninhibited growth of direct-seeded rice during the vegetative stage led to superior biological yield and tiller number at maturity while grain yield was equal to that of transplanted rice. Potential yield increase in direct-seeded flooded rice is discussed on the basis of growth kinetics and assimilate source/sink relationships.

scholarly journals High Density and Uniform Plant Distribution Improve Soybean Yield by Regulating Population Uniformity and Canopy Light Interception

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Cailong Xu ◽  
Ruidong Li ◽  
Wenwen Song ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

Optimizing the spatial distribution of plants under normal conditions of water and fertilizer is widely used by farmers to improve soybean yield. However, the relationship between soybean yield and spatial plant distribution in the field has not been well studied. This study examined the effect of planting density and plant distribution pattern on soybean plant growth, yield components, canopy light interception, and dry matter accumulation. We also analyzed the relationship between photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation, and yield under different planting densities and plant distribution. A two year field experiment was conducted during the 2018 and 2019 soybean planting seasons. Two planting densities (1.8 × 105 and 2.7 × 105 plants ha−1) and two plant distribution patterns (uniform and non-uniform plant spacing) were tested. Higher planting density significantly increased the canopy light interception and dry matter accumulation during soybean growth, leading to increased soybean productivity. The seed yield of soybean under higher planting density was 22.8% higher than under normal planting density. Soybean planted under uniform spacing significantly reduced the differences plant-to-plant. Uniform plant spacing significantly increased the canopy light interception and dry matter accumulation of the soybean population. In addition, the coefficient of variation of seed weight per plant between individual plants under uniform plant distribution decreased by 71.5% compared with non-uniform plant distribution. Furthermore, uniform plant distribution increased soybean seed yield by 9.5% over non-uniform plant distribution. This study demonstrates that increasing planting density under uniform plant distribution can be useful to obtain higher seed yield without increasing other farm inputs.

Effect of Sowing-Date and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation Dy-namic and Establishment of Its Simulated Model in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2143-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ling LI ◽  
Ming ZHAO ◽  
Cong-Feng LI ◽  
Jun-Zhu GE ◽  
Hai-Peng HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Simulated Model

scholarly journals Effects of Mechanically Transplanting Methods and Planting Densities on Yield and Quality of Nanjing 2728 under Rice-Crayfish Continuous Production System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Zhi Dou ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Halun Guo ◽  
Linrong Chen ◽  
Junliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Net Assimilation

Rice–crayfish continuous production system offers high economic and ecology benefits, which developed rapidly in China. To investigate the effects of different mechanical transplanting methods and planting densities on rice yield and quality, Nanjing 2728 was used to determine rice growth performance under mechanically transplanted carpet seedling (MTCS) with equal row spacing (30 cm) at five spacings and mechanically transplanted pot seedling (MTPS) with wide and narrow rows (23 + 33 cm) at five spacings. The results showed that MTPS presented significantly higher rice yields than MTCS as more spikelets per panicle. Rice yields of both mechanical transplanting methods first increased and then reduced with decreasing planting density, and its highest value was obtained at 77.9 × 104 seedlings ha−1. Compared with MTCS at the same stage, rice tiller dynamics of MTPS first increased and then decreased. Additionally, its dry matter accumulation per stem at jointing, heading, and maturity stages, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate were all significantly higher relative to MTCS. For each mechanical transplanting method, dry matter accumulation per panicle, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate from the sowing to jointing stages declined with decreasing planting density, while dry matter accumulation per stem and net assimilation rate from the heading to maturity stages increased. Compared with MTCS, MTPS significantly improved rice milling and appearance quality, decreasing density was also beneficial to rice milling and appearance quality, while grain content of amylose and protein were not sensitive to both transplanting method and planting density. Consequently, MTPS with 13.8 cm plant spacing is a suitable mechanical transplanting method for Nanjing 2728 to obtain better yield and quality under rice–crayfish continuous production system.

Integration of chemical fertilizer with biological products on growth and production of rice during wet season

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Megha Sana ◽  
Kalyan Jana ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Krishnendu Mondal ◽  
Hirak Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Panicle Weight

The influence of different biological products (JumpStart, Bolt GR, Ratchat, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria/PSB) in conjunction with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF) were evaluated with one control (RDF only) on wet season rice cv. Satabdi (IET 4786) during wet season of 2017 and 2018 at Instructional Farm under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatment combinations replicated thrice. The results showed that tallest plants (103.5 cm) with maximum dry matter accumulation (889.8 g/m2) were observed in RDF +Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha treated plots. The same treatment augmented panicle number/m2 (248.5), panicle weight (3.95g), filled grains/panicle (126.1), grain (4.22 t/ha) and straw yields (5.83 t/ha); being statistically at par with RDF + Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha. Yield increase was to tune of 8.18 to 23.39 %. Significant and positive associations of grain yield with traits like plant height, dry matter accumulation, effective tillers/m2, panicle weight and filled grains/panicle were noticed. Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha in conjunction with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher N and K uptake in grain and straw. While greater P uptake in both grain and straw was noticed with Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha and PSB @ 2 kg/ha. Combined application of JumpStart @ 0.83 ml/kg seed resulted in significantly greater fungal population in post-harvest soil. The actinomycetes and bacterial population were improved with soil applied Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha and Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha, respectively. Hence, we suggested a mixture of recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF) with either Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha or soil applied Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha to exploit not only growth and yield of rice but also improvement of soil microbial populations for rice productivity in Gangetic alluvial soil of West Bengal.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning of Chicory

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Hamid MADANI ◽  
Christos DORDAS ◽  
Ahad MADANI ◽  
Mohammad-Ali MOTASHAREI ◽  
Shima FARRI
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Chicory is considered one of the alternatives crops that can be used in crop rotation and contains many phytochemicals that can be used in medicine. In addition, lengthening the growing season by early sowing may increase root chicory yield potential, and thus increase its competitiveness with traditional crops. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether early sowing date risks can be decreased by higher sowing density and also to study the effect of sowing date and sowing density on dry matter accumulation and partitioning of chicory. Growing season did not affect any of the characteristics that were studied. Also plant density affected the flowers biomass, root biomass per plant and the respective yield together with the plant height and essence yield and total yield. The sowing date affected the leaf, flower and stem biomass on a plant basis. However, the interaction between plant density and sowing date affected the total biomass per plant, the flower biomass per plant, the root biomass per plant, the flower yield, the root yield and the essence yield. These results indicate that for higher production it is important to determine the right plant density and sowing date which can affect growth, dry matter accumulation and essence yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document