scholarly journals Transcriptomic Responses of Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda) Feeding on a Resistant Maize Inbred Line Xi502 with High Benzoxazinoid Content

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Saif ul Malook ◽  
Xiao-Feng Liu ◽  
Caiyan Ma ◽  
Jinfeng Qi ◽  
Wende Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Structural Analog ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a devastating invasive insect herbivore. Its success on its preferred host plant, maize (Zea mays), is supported by numerous specialized detoxification mechanisms that suppress the defense responses of maize. In this study, we used a resistant Chinese maize cultivar, Xi502, which showed slower growth and lower yield-related phenotypes compare with maize inbred line B73. Comparative transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that B73-fed fall armyworm larvae have a significantly faster transcriptomic re-configuration toward maturation compared to their siblings fed with Xi502 leaves, whereas a number of putative aromatic breakdown -related DEGs were specifically induced when feeding on Xi502. Targeted metabolomic quantification demonstrated that Xi502 contains significantly higher levels of various benzoxazinoid compounds. Artificial feeding with the structural analog of a benzoxazinoid compound preferentially accumulated in Xi502 demonstrated a significant growth inhibition effect on FAW larvae. These results provide important genetic material and preliminary evidence for further dissection of the FAW-resistance mechanism in maize.

scholarly journals The race goes on: A fall armyworm-resistant maize inbred line influences insect oral secretion elicitation activity and nullifies herbivore suppression of plant defense

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif ul Malook ◽  
Xiao-Feng Liu ◽  
Wende Liu ◽  
Jinfeng Qi ◽  
Shaoqun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Oral Secretion

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is an invasive lepidopteran pest with strong feeding preference towards maize (Zea mays). Its success on maize is facilitated by a suite of specialized detoxification and manipulation mechanisms that curtail host plant defense responses. In this study, we identified a Chinese maize inbred line Xi502 that was able to mount effective defense in response to fall armyworm attack. Comparative transcriptomics analyses, phytohormonal measurements, and targeted benzoxazinoid quantification consistently demonstrate significant inducible defense responses in Xi502, but not in the susceptible reference inbred line B73. In 24 hours, fall armyworm larvae feeding on B73 showed accelerated maturation-oriented transcriptomic responses and more changes in detoxification gene expression compared to their Xi502-fed sibling. Interestingly, oral secretions collected from larvae fed on B73 and Xi502 leaves demonstrated distinct elicitation activity when applied on either host genotypes, suggesting that variation in both insect oral secretion composition and host plant alleles could influence plant defense response. These results revealed host plant adaptation towards counter-defense mechanisms in a specialist insect herbivore, adding yet another layer to the evolutionary arms race between maize and fall armyworm. This could facilitate future investigation into the molecular mechanisms in this globally important crop-pest interaction system.

scholarly journals Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) feeding elicits differential defense responses in upland and lowland switchgrass

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Palmer ◽  
Saumik Basu ◽  
Tiffany Heng-Moss ◽  
Jeffrey D. Bradshaw ◽  
Gautam Sarath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Defense Responses

scholarly journals De Novo Transcriptomic Analyses Revealed Some Detoxification Genes and Related Pathways Responsive to Noposion Yihaogong® 5% EC (Lambda-Cyhalothrin 5%) Exposure in Spodoptera frugiperda Third-Instar Larvae

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Likun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Genomic Platform

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous, invasive insect pest which causes significant losses in important crops wherever it has spread. The use of pesticides in agriculture is a key tool in the management of many important crop pests, including S. frugiperda, but continued use of insecticides has selected for various types of resistance, including enzyme systems that provide enhanced mechanisms of detoxification. In the present study, we analyzed the de novo transcriptome of S. frugiperda larvae exposed to Noposion Yihaogong® 5% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) insecticide focusing on detoxification genes and related pathways. Results showed that a total of 1819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in larvae after being treated with Noposion Yihaogong® 5% EC insecticide, of which 863 were up- and 956 down-regulated. Majority of these differentially expressed genes were identified in numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including metabolism of xenobiotics and drug metabolism. Furthermore, many of S. frugiperda genes involved in detoxification pathways influenced by lambda-cyhalothrin stress support their predicted role by further co-expression network analysis. Our RT-qPCR results were consistent with the DEG’s data of transcriptome analysis. The comprehensive transcriptome sequence resource attained through this study enriches the genomic platform of S. frugiperda, and the identified DEGs may enable greater molecular underpinnings behind the insecticide-resistance mechanism caused by lambda-cyhalothrin.

scholarly journals Herbivore Cues from the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Larvae Trigger Direct Defenses in Maize

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Po Chuang ◽  
Swayamjit Ray ◽  
Flor Edith Acevedo ◽  
Michelle Peiffer ◽  
Gary W. Felton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Oral Secretions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Herbivore Defense ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
Herbivore Defenses

In addition to feeding damage, herbivores release cues that are recognized by plants to elicit defenses. Caterpillar oral secretions have been shown to trigger herbivore defense responses in several different plant species. In this study, the effects of two fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) oral secretions (saliva and regurgitant) on caterpillar defense responses in maize (Zea mays) were examined. Only minute amounts of regurgitant were deposited on the maize leaf during larval feeding bouts and its application to leaves failed to induce the expression of several herbivore defense genes. On the other hand, caterpillars consistently deposited saliva on leaves during feeding and the expression of several maize defense genes significantly increased in response to saliva application and larval feeding. However, feeding by ablated caterpillars with impaired salivation did not induce these defenses. Furthermore, bioassays indicated that feeding by unablated caterpillars significantly enhanced defenses when compared with that of ablated caterpillars. Another critical finding was that the maize genotype and stage of development affected the expression of defense genes in response to wounding and regurgitant treatments. These results demonstrate that fall armyworm saliva contains elicitors that trigger herbivore defenses in maize.

scholarly journals Spodoptera exigua caterpillar feeding induces rapid defense responses in maize leaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Tzin ◽  
Yuko Hojo ◽  
Susan R. Strickler ◽  
Lee Julia Bartsch ◽  
Cairo M. Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Maize Leaves

ABSTRACTInsects such as beet armyworm caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) cause extensive damage to maize (Zea mays) by consuming foliar tissue. Maize plants respond to such insect attack by triggering defense mechanisms that involve large changes in gene expression and the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and defense signaling molecules. To investigate dynamic maize responses to herbivore feeding, leaves of maize inbred line B73 were infested with S. exigua caterpillars for 1 to 24 hours, followed by comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic characterization. Our results show that the most significant gene expression responses of maize to S. exigua feeding occur at early time points, within 4 to 6 hours after caterpillar infestation. However, both gene expression and metabolite profiles continued changing during the entire 24-hour experiment while photosynthesis genes were gradually decreased. The primary and specilaze metabolism shift maught be temporal and dynamic processes in the infested leaf tissue. We analyzed the effects of mutating genes in two major defense-related pathways, benzoxazinoids (Bx1 and Bx2) and jasmonic acid (Lox8), using Dissociation (Ds) transposon insertions in maize inbred line W22. Together, these results show that maize leaves shift to implementation of chemical defenses within one hour after the initiation of caterpillar attack. Thus, the induced biosynthesis of specialized metabolites can have major effects in maize-caterpillar interactions.HIGHLIGHTA comprehensive transcriptic and metabolomic profiling time course of maize foliar responses to caterpillar feeding identifies genes for the synthesis of benzoxazinoids and phytohormones.

Genome-Wide Analysis of NBS-Encoding Disease Resistance Genes in Maize Inbred Line B73

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Ming WANG ◽  
Hai-Yang JIANG ◽  
Yang ZHAO ◽  
Yan XIANG ◽  
Su-Wen ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide

Line Source Irrigation to Assess Maize Inbred Line Stability 1

Crop Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. W. Wicks ◽  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Maize Inbred Line

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance monitoring for the invasive populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-dan ZHANG ◽  
Yu-tao XIAO ◽  
Peng-jun XU ◽  
Xian-ming YANG ◽  
Qiu-lin WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Resistance Monitoring

scholarly journals Chromosome-level genome assembly of a regenerable maize inbred line A188

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifang Lin ◽  
Cheng He ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Dal-Hoe Koo ◽  
Ha Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Maize Inbred Line ◽  
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Embryonic Callus ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Chromosome Level

Abstract Background The maize inbred line A188 is an attractive model for elucidation of gene function and improvement due to its high embryogenic capacity and many contrasting traits to the first maize reference genome, B73, and other elite lines. The lack of a genome assembly of A188 limits its use as a model for functional studies. Results Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of A188 using long reads and optical maps. Comparison of A188 with B73 using both whole-genome alignments and read depths from sequencing reads identify approximately 1.1 Gb of syntenic sequences as well as extensive structural variation, including a 1.8-Mb duplication containing the Gametophyte factor1 locus for unilateral cross-incompatibility, and six inversions of 0.7 Mb or greater. Increased copy number of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (ccd1) in A188 is associated with elevated expression during seed development. High ccd1 expression in seeds together with low expression of yellow endosperm 1 (y1) reduces carotenoid accumulation, accounting for the white seed phenotype of A188. Furthermore, transcriptome and epigenome analyses reveal enhanced expression of defense pathways and altered DNA methylation patterns of the embryonic callus. Conclusions The A188 genome assembly provides a high-resolution sequence for a complex genome species and a foundational resource for analyses of genome variation and gene function in maize. The genome, in comparison to B73, contains extensive intra-species structural variations and other genetic differences. Expression and network analyses identify discrete profiles for embryonic callus and other tissues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document