Use of X-ray Mutagenesis to Increase Genetic Diversity of Zantedeschia aethiopica for Early Flowering, Improved Tolerance to Bacterial Soft Rot, and Higher Yield

The development of new cultivars is important for the profitability of the floriculture industry. There is a limited number of cultivars of Zantedeschia aethiopica, an iconic ornamental cut flower, garden plant, and potted plant, because of the incompatibility of interspecific crossings within the genus. Most present-day varieties are the result of spontaneous mutations or classical breeding within the species, followed by a long selection process. Here, Z. aethiopica mutants were generated by treating seeds with 100 Gy of X-ray radiation. The resulting putative mutants were selected based on particular flowering parameters and compared to nonirradiated, control plants. Over two growing seasons, characteristics such as early flowering, flower size and shape, yield, and response to soft-rot disease were monitored, and considerable variation was observed among the mutated lines. Out of 319 mutants, 20 lines were selected based on their phenotypes and then propagated and further analyzed. Within this group, only two phenotypes displayed at least five improved flowering properties under natural Mediterranean conditions. The rest displayed two to four desired combinations of flowering traits, some with great commercial potential.

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Use of X-Ray Mutagenesis to Increase Genetic Diversity of Zantedeschia aethiopica for Early Flowering, Improved Tolerance to Bacterial Soft Rot and Higher Yield

10.20944/preprints202111.0574.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noam Reznik ◽

Bijaya Sharma Subedi ◽

Shoshana Weisman ◽

Gavriel Friesem ◽

Nir Carmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Selection Process ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Early Flowering ◽

X Ray ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Garden Plant

The development of new cultivars is important for the profitability of the floriculture industry. There are a limited number of cultivars of Zantedeschia aethiopica, an iconic ornamental cut flower, garden plant, and potted plant, due to the incompatibility of interspecific crossings within the genus. Most present-day varieties are the result of spontaneous mutations or classical breeding within the species, followed by a long selection process. Breeders are very interested in the development of a time- and cost-effective method for producing new Z. aethiopica cultivars with novel characteristics. Here, Z. aethiopica mutants were generated by treating seeds with 100 Gy of X-ray radiation. The resulting putative mutants were selected based on particular flowering parameters and compared to non-irradiated, control plants. Over two growing seasons, characteristics such as early flowering, flower size and shape, yield and response to soft-rot disease were monitored and considerable variation was observed among the mutated lines. Out of 319 mutants, 20 lines were selected based on their phenotypes and then propagated and further analyzed. Within this group, only two phenotypes displayed at least five improved flowering properties under natural, Mediterranean conditions. The rest displayed two to four desired combinations of flowering traits, some with great commercial potential.

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Identification and Pathogenicity of Phytopathogenic Bacteria Associated with Soft Rot Disease of Girasole Tuber

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb417269 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Mamdoh Ewis ISMAIL ◽

Montaser Fawzy ABDEL-MONAIM ◽

Yasser Mahmoud MOSTAFA

Keyword(s):

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Reducing Substances ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Deep Cavities

During 2010-2011 growing seasons six bacterial isolates were separated from naturally infected girasole plants tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) cv. ‘Balady’, showing soft rot, collected from experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, in El-Minia University, Egypt. Pathogenicity tests showed various virulence for the bacteria isolated from girasole tubers, found pathogenic. These organisms were characterized as rod-shaped, Gram negative, α-methyl-d-glucoside medium, reducing substances from sucrose, phos, phatase activity and deep cavities on pectate medium. Otherwise, diagnostic tests suggested that the pathogen was Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora. The isolated bacteria caused soft rot of wounded tubers when inoculated into tissues. The bacterial isolates were compared for their degree of pathogenicity as well as for differences in specific symptoms, induced in different hosts. The tested isolates could infect several host ranges, such as fruits of apricot, apple, olive, lemon, squash, eggplant and potato tubers, bulbs and garlic and onion cloves, roots radish, carrot, sweet potato and rape. On the other hand, no symptoms were exhibited on pods of bean and cowpea, faba bean, fruits of pepper and tomato. The extracts of experimentally diseased girasole tubers were active in pectinase and also in caboxymethyl cellulose at pH 6 compared to enzyme activities in healthy tissues. Also, the isolated bacteria increased the total and reducing sugars in infected tissues.

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Breeding of a Multi-flowering and Early-flowering White Calla Lily Cultivar 'White Cutie' Resistant to Soft Rot Disease

Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology ◽

10.7235/hort.2015.14199 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 618-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyang Young Joung ◽

Hae Ryong Cho ◽

Ju Hee Rhee ◽

Hak Ki Shin ◽

Sang Kun Park

Keyword(s):

Soft Rot ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Calla Lily ◽

Rot Disease

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Efficacy of potent antagonistic yeast Wickerhamiella versatilis against soft rot disease of potato caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection ◽

10.1080/03235408.2019.1693236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (15-16) ◽

pp. 1125-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽

Hadeel M. M. Khalil Bagy ◽

Shymaa R. Bashandy

Keyword(s):

Soft Rot ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Antagonistic Yeast ◽

Carotovorum Subsp ◽

Rot Disease

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Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/796472 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. M. Rahman ◽

A. A. Khan ◽

M. E. Ali ◽

I. H. Mian ◽

A. M. Akanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Corchorus Capsularis ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Storage

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularisL.), cheerota (Swertia chiraitaHam.), chatim (Alstonia scholarisL.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelosL.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativumL.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria,E. carotovorasubsp.carotovora (Ecc)P-138, underin vitroand storage conditions. Previously,EccP-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth ofEccP-138in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects onEcc-138 growth both inin vitroand storage experiments.

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The Ribosomal Protein RplY Is Required for Pectobacterium carotovorum Virulence and Is Induced by Zantedeschia elliotiana Extract

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-04-17-0161-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (11) ◽

pp. 1322-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Huan Jiang ◽

Mengyi Jiang ◽

Liuke Yang ◽

Peiyan Yao ◽

Lin Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Insertion Site ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Promoter Trap ◽

Carotovorum Subsp ◽

Rot Disease

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain PccS1, a bacterial pathogen causing soft rot disease of Zantedeschia elliotiana (colored calla), was investigated for virulence genes induced by the host plant. Using a promoter-trap transposon (mariner), we obtained 500 transposon mutants showing kanamycin resistance dependent on extract of Z. elliotiana. One of these mutants, PM86, exhibited attenuated virulence on both Z. elliotiana and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis. The growth of PM86 was also reduced in minimal medium (MM), and the reduction was restored by adding plant extract to the MM. The gene containing the insertion site was identified as rplY. The deletion mutant ΔrplY, exhibited reduced virulence, motility and plant cell wall-degrading enzyme production but not biofilm formation. Analysis of gene expression and reporter fusions revealed that the rplY gene in PccS1 is up-regulated at both the transcriptional and the translational levels in the presence of plant extract. Our results suggest that rplY is induced by Z. elliotiana extract and is crucial for virulence in P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

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Use of Ceramic Waste for the Manufacture of Sintered Parts

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1012 ◽

pp. 233-238

Author(s):

Vanessa Moura de Souza ◽

Vinícius Martins ◽

Rejane Maria Candiota Tubino

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Selection Process ◽

Compaction Pressure ◽

Raw Material ◽

Powder Technology ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Compression Pressure ◽

X Ray ◽

Ceramic Waste ◽

Quality Process

This paper evaluated the use of the pitcher, a ceramic waste obtained through the quality process of a sanitary ware industry, in the development of a material for usage in the manufacture of sintered parts. The pitcher was obtained through powder technology and is composed, according to the chemical analysis obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, of clayey minerals (clay and kaolin), quartz, and feldspar, which may include ceramic rocks such as granite, pegmatite and phyllite; that is, it has proved to be a potential raw material due to the minerals that can still be reused. The pitcher passed through a granulometry-based selection process, sieving about 20kg using the following sieve sequence: 18 MESH, 25 MESH, 30 MESH, 120 MESH and 400 MESH; with around 70% of the residue being retained in the sieves of 120 and 400 MESH, which were selected to be used in the evaluation. The samples were compacted in a manual press with different pressures, between 300 and 1000 kgf, and after were sintered at a temperature of 1100oC in a resistive furnace. To characterize the material, the apparent and green density, as well as the compressibility curve, were determined to identify the best compression pressure. The microstructure of the test specimen and the pitcher homogeneity were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Both particle sizes presented the typical compressibility curve, in which the density increases with increasing compaction pressure, while the curve slope decreases with increasing pressure. The density increase with the increasing compaction pressure indicates a good densification for the temperatures, independent of the sample granulometry. The sintering porosity decreased proportionally to the particle size in the sintered samples. The analysis showed that the particle size of 400 MESH sintered at 1100oC obtained more porous surfaces, thus indicating a promising future for the manufacture of parts using powder technology, especially for the development of filters.

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Kemampuan Bakteri Endofit Akar dan Ubi Kentang untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) pada Ubi

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v27i3.10880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Noor Istifadah ◽

Muhamad Salman Umar ◽

Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽

Luciana Djaya

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Potato Tuber ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe abilities of endophytic bacteria from potato roots and tubers to suppress soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) in potato tuberSoft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora is one of limiting factors in cultivation and post harvest of potato. The eco-friendly control measure that can be developed for controlling the diseases is biological control. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include endophytic bacteria. This paper discussed the results of study examining the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots and tubers of potato to inhibit the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro and suppress soft rot disease in potato tuber. The results showed that among 24 isolates examined, four isolates of endophytic bacteria (one isolate from potato tuber and three isolates from potato roots) inhibited the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro with inhibition zone 3.5-6.8 mm. In the in vivo test, the isolates inhibited the soft rot disease in potato tuber by 71.5-86.4%. The isolate that tended to show relatively better inhibition in vitro and in vivo was isolate from potato tuber which is CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.)Keywords: Biological control, Endophytic bacteria, Post-harvest, Potato, Soft rot diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan bakteri Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya dan pascapanen kentang. Cara pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menekan penyakit tersebut adalah pengendalian biologi. Kelompok mikroba yang berpotensi sebagi agens pengendali biologi adalah bakteri endofit. Artikel ini mendiskusikan potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari ubi dan akar kentang untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa diantara 24 isolat bakteri yang diuji, terdapat empat isolat bakteri endofit (satu isolat dari ubi kentang dan tiga isolat dari akar kentang) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dengan zona penghambatan sebesar 3,5-6,8 mm. Pada pengujian secara in vivo, isolat-isolat tersebut dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang sebesar 71,5-86,4%. Isolat yang cenderung menunjukkan penghambatan relatif lebih baik secara in vitro dan in vivo adalah isolat bakteri endofit asal ubi kentang yaitu isolat CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.).Kata Kunci: Pengendalian biologi, Bakteri endofit, Pascapanen, Kentang, Penyakit busuk basah

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Effects of Culture Conditions on the Antibacterial Activity of Streptomyces Spp. against Erwinia Spp. Causing Soft Rot Disease on Asparagus Officinalis

Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.31817/vjas.2021.4.2.08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1077-1086

Author(s):

Nguyen Thanh Trung ◽

Nguyen Thi Van Anh ◽

Tran Thi Dao ◽

Nguyen Thanh Huyen ◽

Pham Le Anh Minh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Effective Control ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Streptomyces Spp ◽

Rot Disease

Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriacea containing mostly pathogens, which cause soft rot disease in many ornamental plants and crops, including Asparagus officinalis. Chemical treatments to control Erwinia have lost their attractiveness because of the development of resistant strains and the negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, the study of biological controls of soft rot disease has gained great importance. There are several types of microorganisms that show activity against Erwinia spp. such as Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces spp. Among them, Streptomyces spp. are found to be the most effective control agents. In this study, 64 isolates of Streptomyces were screened for their antibacterial activity against Erwinia spp. The results indicated that 18 isolates showed an antagonistic reaction against Erwinia spp. Among them, isolate D5.1 showed the highest inhibition activity. In addition, the morphological and antibacterial activities of isolate D5.1 grown in different conditions were also characterized.

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