Effect of Nitrogen Topdressing Fertilization and Inoculation of Seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on Corn Yield and Agronomic Characteristics

Biological nitrogen fixation and plant hormone synthesis promoted by Azospirillum spp. bacteria play a role in enhancing crop productivity and reducing losses. This may constitute a strategy to enhance crop productivity and reducing losses, thereby increasing nitrogen fertilization efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 strain inoculation and nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic characteristics and productivity of two maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) AS 1572 and AG 9030. Experiments were carried out at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons using a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement to distribute two maize hybrids, inoculated, or not, with Azospirillum brasilense, and five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg ha−1). Kernel yield, mass, and dimensions, as well as kernel number on the cobs, stalk diameter, plant height, ear insertion height, prolificacy, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and their correlations were measured. Compared to uninoculated plants, higher kernel yield (p < 0.05) was observed for AS 1572 hybrid when inoculated with A. brasilense, with an increase of 0.978 Mg ha−1 or 10.95%. This effect was primarily due to the higher NUE rate and the increase (p < 0.05) in the number of kernels per cob. The AG 9030 hybrid showed no response to inoculation. A. brasilense inoculation increased the NUE rate of the AS 1572 hybrid in the condition N zero dose at N 60 kg ha−1 dose. Nitrogen fertilization increased crop productivity, notably by raising kernel mass and other productivity components, but reduced the NUE rate. The maximum technical efficiency obtained for the AS 1572 hybrid was of 10.705 Mg ha−1 with a N dose of 342 kg ha−1, whereas the AG 9030 hybrid produced a maximum grain yield of 10.089 Mg ha−1 with a dose of 350 kg ha−1 of N. We conclude that the inoculation with A. brasilense increases NUE, maize grain yield, and agronomic characteristic in the AS 1572 hybrid.

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AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GRAIN YIELD OF SORGHUM AND MAIZE HYBRIDS GROWN WITH DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n405rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 780-790

Author(s):

PAULO VINICIUS DEMENECK VIEIRA ◽

PAULO SÉRGIO LOURENÇO DE FREITAS ◽

ANDRÉ LUIZ BISCAIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA ◽

ANA CLAUDIA SOSSAI SOUZA ◽

JULIANA MARQUES VORONIAK

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Area Index ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

West Region ◽

Spikelets Per Panicle ◽

Grown Plant

ABSTRACT Sorghum is a commonly grown plant in the Central-West region of Brazil as a second crop; however, it is grown almost exclusively as a second crop after maize in the state of Paraná (South region). The growth of sorghum crops is an option for areas or times in which the growth of maize crops can be risky. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of eight sorghum hybrids (ADV-123, ADV-114, 1G100, 50A10, 1G244, 50A40, 50A50, and 1G282) grown in three sowing times in two agricultural years: 2014 (February 20, March 02, and March 03) and 2015 (February 09, February 19, and March 01), and four maize hybrids in 2014 (DKB-330-Pro, P-3431-HX, Formula-TL, and AG-9010-Pro) and five maize hybrids in 2015 (DKB-330-Pro, P-3431-HX, Formula-TL, DKB-275-Pro, and DKB-290-Pro), in the same sowing times used for sorghum. A randomized complete block experimental design with a split-plot factorial arrangement was used, with the sowing times in the plots and the hybrids in the sub-plots. The variables evaluated were: number of days from sowing to flowering, leaf area index, 1,000-grain weight, grain yield, number of spikelets per panicle, for the sorghum crop; and number of rows per ear and number of grains per row, for the maize crop. The comparison between the two crops showed that the sorghum maintained higher production stability in the different sowing times.

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Agronomic parameters and morpho-agronomic characteristics of genetically modified maize hybrids compared to conventional maize hybrids

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-47973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Nogueira Ramos ◽

Nara Oliveira Silva Souza ◽

Michelle Souza Vilela

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Central Lines ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Bt Genes ◽

Midwest Region ◽

Bt Gene

The objectives were to study the behavior of fifteen pre-commercial upland maize hybrids, analyze their agronomic performance regarding grain yield, and evaluate productivity components, as well as morpho-agronomic characteristics, in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Two experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Formosa-GO and Planaltina-DF, 2016/17 crop year. Both consisted of five pre-commercial maize hybrid platforms (HPA252, HPB262, HPB621, HPB646, and HPD354). Each platform consisted of three different versions: conventional, transgenic with a Bt gene that expresses the protein Cry1F, and transgenic with two Bt genes that express the proteins Cry1F and Cry1AB. The experiment was randomized blocks with four replications. The experimental plot was four lines five meters long considering the two central lines as useful. The lines were spaced 0.75 meters apart, and the final density was five plants per linear meter. To estimate grain yield, the plots were harvested, and the weight was extrapolated to kg.ha-1. The moisture was standardized at 14%. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability using the Sisvar software. Grain yield between treatments ranged from 8,381 to 12,908 kg.ha-1, and the average yield was 11,234 kg.ha-1. The parameters evaluated were divided into two groups. The first group contained parameters determining grain yield: grain depth, thousand grains weight, number of rows of grains, number of grains per row, and grain yield. The second group contained morpho-agronomic parameters that directly interfere with resistance to lodging and plant breaking: plant height, ear insertion height, and mean stem diameter. There was no direct effect of the transgenes on the evaluated hybrids since the classification of productivity was not divided into conventional and transgenic classes. It is suggested that the HPA252YH, HP621H and HP646H versions be discarded because grain yield performance was unsatisfactory compared to their respective conventional and transgenic counterparts. The parameters GD and W1000 are more effective for grain yield estimation than NR and NG. It was observed for HP621H that, in addition to a lower grain yield, there was a significant reduction in stem diameter, indicating a possible reduction in lodging tolerance and/or plant breaking when exposed to adverse climatic conditions such as windstorms. For the HPD354H version, the release of the transgenic counterpart HPD354YH is preferentially indicated since the H version had a significant reduction in stem diameter and a possible greater tolerance to lodging and/or plant breaking under the same conditions.

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Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n9p21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽

Silvino G. Moreira ◽

Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽

Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽

Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

No Reduction ◽

Block Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Limited Information ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE UNDER Azospirillum brasilense INOCULATION AND TOP-DRESSING NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

VINÍCIUS BALEIRO FERNANDES ◽

FABIO LUIZ CHECCHIO MINGOTTE ◽

ORLANDO FERREIRA MORELLO ◽

ANDERSON PRATES COELHO ◽

LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pre Treatment

Maize inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum can reduce the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers to obtain maximum grain yield. In this context, the aim was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense associated with nitrogen fertilization on the maize agronomic performance. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. Four inoculation managements with Azospirillum brasilense (T0 - control without inoculation; TC2 - seed box inoculation, 200x108 viable cells ha-1; TC3 - seed box inoculation, 400x108 viable cells ha-1; TS1 - previous inoculation of the seeds, 600x108 viable cells ha-1) associated with four top-dressing N doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), applied at maize stage V6 by urea. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense associated with top-dressing nitrogen fertilization increases the number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear and grain yield of maize, mainly due to its positive effects on plant nutrition. Managements with seed box inoculation with 400x108 viable cells per ha (TC3) and inoculation in seed pre-treatment (TS1) are the most recommended for maize.

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Co-inoculation of Anabaena cylindrica with Azospirillum brasilense increases grain yield of maize hybrids

Rhizosphere ◽

10.1016/j.rhisph.2020.100224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 100224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Freddy Zambrano Gavilanes ◽

Diva Souza Andrade ◽

Claudemir Zucareli ◽

Eduardo Hélder Horácio ◽

João Sarkis Yunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Anabaena Cylindrica ◽

Maize Hybrids

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Corn Yield and Foliar Diagnosis Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/18069657rbcs20150364 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽

Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽

Cleiton José Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Foliar Diagnosis

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AADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E INOCULAÇÃO COM Azospirillum brasilense EM CEVADA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 01 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gustavo Ribeiro Barzotto ◽

Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽

Osvaldir Feliciano Santos ◽

Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽

Carlos Roberto Wassolowski

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Productivity Gain ◽

Barley Grains

A cevada constitui uma importante cultura no Brasil devido, principalmente, a utilização de seu grão na produção de cervejas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada e da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense em cevada. O experimento foi instalado em campo, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) na presença ou ausência de inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense e três repetições. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento e massa seca de planta, componentes de produção, teor de N e produtividade de grãos. A maior produtividade de grãos foi alcançada com 66 kg ha-1 de N, sem a aplicação da bactéria. Concluiu-se que o uso de A. brasilense aumenta a produtividade de grãos de cevada na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, mas não suplanta o ganho de produtividade apenas com o uso do N em doses superiores. A severidade de B. sorokidiana foi favorecida com a aplicação de A. brasilense nas maiores doses de N. A inoculação com A. brasilense é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade de grãos de cevada, caso se opte pelo cultivo sem fertilização mineral nitrogenada.Palavra-chave: Hordeum vulgare, bactérias diazotróficas, malte. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE IN BARLEY ABSTRACT:The barley is an important crop in Brazil, mainly due to the use of its grain in the production of beers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on barley. The experiment was carried out in the field, using a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense and three replications. Growth characteristics and dry mass of the plant, production components, N content and grain yield were evaluated. The highest grain yield was achieved with 66 kg ha-1 of N, without application of the bacteria. It was concluded that the use of A. brasilense increases the yield of barley grains in the absence of nitrogen fertilization, but does not supplant the productivity gain only with the use of N in higher doses. The B. sorokidiana severity was favored by the application of A. brasilense in the highest N doses. The inoculation with A. brasilense is a viable alternative to increase the yield of barley grains, in case of cultivation without nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, diazotrophic bacteria, malt. DOI:

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Genetic gains in three breeding eras of maize hybrids under low and optimum nitrogen fertilization

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1403227b ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 227-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Omolaran Bello ◽

Odunayo Olawuyi ◽

Mohammed Lawal ◽

Sunday Ige ◽

Jimoh Mahamood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Main Plot ◽

Set Up

A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2) and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots. Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1. Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly significant (p?0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and 2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era (0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.

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The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2742

Author(s):

Muhammad Zain ◽

Zhuanyun Si ◽

Sen Li ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Faisal Mehmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Use Efficiency

Sound irrigation and nitrogen management strategies are necessary to achieve sustainable yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The coupled effects of irrigation scheduling and the nitrogen application mode (NAM) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were evaluated with a two-year field experiment, which consisted of three irrigation scheduling levels (ISLs) (irrigating when soil water consumption (SWC) reached 20, 35 and 50 mm, referred as I20, I35 and I50, respectively) and three nitrogen application modes (NAMs) (ratio of basal application and topdressing as 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, referred as N50:50, N25:75 and N0:100, respectively). The experimental results showed that irrigating winter wheat at ISL I35 substantially (p < 0.05) improved the grain yield by 15.89%, 3.32% and 14.82%, 4.31% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 5.23%, 16.03% and 5.26%, 12.36%, compared with those at ISL I20 and I50 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons, respectively. NAM N25:75 appeared very beneficial in terms of grain yield, yield components and WUE as compared to other NAM levels. The maximum grain yield (8.62 and 9.40 t ha−1) and water use efficiency (1.88 and 2.09 kg m−3) were achieved in treatment I35N25:75 in two growing seasons over those in other treatments. The results in this study may deliver a scientific basis for irrigation and nitrogen fertilization management of the drip-irrigated winter wheat production in the NCP.

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Nitrogen fertilization in off-season corn crop in different Brazilian Cerrado environments

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01551 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo de Paula Simão ◽

Álvaro Vilela de Resende ◽

Miguel Marques Gontijo Neto ◽

Alexandre Ferreira da Silva ◽

Vicente de Paulo Campos Godinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Economic Return ◽

Total N ◽

Starter Fertilizer ◽

Corn Crop ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the grain yield and the economic response of off-season corn (Zea mays) crop subjected to different combinations of starter and topdressing nitrogen fertilization, in the Brazilian Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 3×4 factorial arrangement (0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1 N at sowing and 0, 22.5, 45, and 90 kg ha-1 N in topdressing as urea), in six environments, combining three sites and two sowing times. Grain yield was determined, and the response to total N applied as starter and topdressing was used to obtain a general model of the average trend of the technical and economic return of fertilization. The corn crop response varied according to the environment, and the observed yields were high. The application of N as a starter fertilizer increased corn yield and improved the effect of topdressing fertilization or even made it unnecessary. Fertilization with 90 kg ha-1 N as urea promotes greater yield and economic return and improves N balance in the soybean/off-season corn crop system.

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