scholarly journals Do Dairy Farming Systems Differ in Antimicrobial Use?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Anna Zuliani ◽  
Isabella Lora ◽  
Marta Brščić ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Edi Piasentier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Essential Information

The quantitative assessment of antimicrobial use (AMU) in food-producing animals contributes to the provision of essential information for developing relevant and effective policies to reduce use and to control antimicrobial resistance. Information on AMU is available mainly for intensive dairy farming systems and specialized high-yielding breeds. The aim of this study is to investigate AMU in different dairy farming systems by comparing the treatment incidence in mountain farms with specialized high-yield dairy breeds or with dual-purpose breeds raised for milk production to the treatment incidence in lowland farms with specialized high-yield dairy breeds or with dual-purpose breeds raised for milk production. Significant differences were found only between the overall treatment incidence, as well as the treatment incidence of highest-priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, in lowland farms with high-yielding breeds and mountain farms with dual-purpose breeds. Mountain farms have a generally lower milk production and smaller herd size than lowland farms, provide cows with access to pasture, and limit concentrates in the diet. These management practices and the use of local/dual-purpose breeds could reduce the risk of production diseases and the consequent need for AMU.

scholarly journals Adoption of Good Management Practices by the Gaushalas (Cow-shed) in Karnataka State, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mandi ◽  
S. Subash
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
General Management ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Large N ◽  
Karnataka State

Gaushalas play a vital role in safeguarding the cattle wealth of our country. It is primarily occupied with providing shelter to cows and is catering mostly the needs of non-lactating, weak, unproductive and stray cattle. However, a few fore front Gaushalas also maintain nucleus herd for in-situ conservation of indigenous purebred cows and produce quality males so as to enhance productivity of indigenous breeds. With this view, present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the level of adoption of good management practices by the Gaushalas. The study was conducted in Karnataka State involving 40 out of 80 registered Gaushalas, categorized as small (n=12), medium (n=18) and large (n=10) Gaushalas based on the herd size. Good management practices play an important role in improving the production performances of cattle, enhancing efficiency of animals in Gaushalas. In the present study ‘adoption’ was operationalised as the degree to which the good management practices viz., breeding, feeding, healthcare, general management and hygienic milk production, were adopted in the Gaushalas.

scholarly journals Clipping Forage Sorghum Twice and Nitrogen Topdressing Offer an Option for Dual-Purpose Use for Cover Cropping and Fodder in Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudzayi Janhi ◽  
Zimkhitha Matshaya ◽  
Cornelius Chiduza ◽  
Lindah Muzangwa
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Forage Sorghum

Management practices that promote dual-purpose use of cover crops as forage and soil cover can encourage adoption in mixed smallholder (SH) farming systems. This study investigated the feasibility of dual-purpose use of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) by testing the effects of clipping frequency and nitrogen (N) topdressing on the root biomass, crude protein (CP), acid detergent (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the greenhouse and vegetative biomass on the experimental farm station. Four levels of clipping were tested: not clipped (C1), clipped once (C2), twice (C3), and thrice (C4). Nitrogen topdressing had two levels: with (N1) and without (N0) recommended supplementary N. Results show that absence of N topdressing significantly (p < 0.05) increased root biomass in C2, while increasing clipping frequency significantly (p < 0.001) decreased root biomass. During the growing period, N topdressing significantly (p < 0.001) increased CP content in C3 and C4 and NDF (p < 0.01) content in C4. At the termination stage, there was a significant interaction between clipping frequency and N topdressing on the biomass yield obtained in both 2016–2017 (p < 0.05) and 2017–2018 (p < 0.001), respectively. Clipping twice and N topdressing emerged as the best management practice for the dual-purpose of soil cover and livestock feed.

Tribal dairy farming status in the Northern Hills Zone ofChhattisgarh state, India - An survey research

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mooventhan ◽  
K. S. Kadian ◽  
R. Senthil Kumar ◽  
A. Manimaran ◽  
A. Sakthivel Selvan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
F2 Generation

This survey research was carried out to explore the existing dairy farming status in the tribal populated districts of northern hills zone of Chhattisgarh state. Dairy sector has huge potential to generate rural employment and assures the nutritional security to rural folk who belongs to weaker section of the society. Chhattisgarh state is still in primordial stage in dairy farming though the state has good number of cattle population compared to other leading milk producing states. To augment the dairy production in the rural areas, surveying and analysis of existing dairying status is essential and this result helps the planners, administrators, development workers, scientists and others to frame policies to implement developmental schemes. The results indicated that, more than half (56.33%) of the tribal dairy farmers falling under the category of subsistence level of dairy production system, about half (44.67 %) of the respondents possessing medium herd size, non-descript dairy cattle ranks first in the livestock category numbers (865), followed by draught animal (539), cross breeds (126), non-descript upgraded (93), Buffalo upgraded + ND (79), Scrub bulls (27) and Calves (ND + CB + BC were (146). Non-descript lactating cows had 1.24 litres/animal as an average milk production with the maximum of 2 litres and minimum of 250 ml. Crossbred, Upgraded buffaloes and Upgraded non-descript dairy animals had shown the superior milk production performance in F2 generation. Less than half (45.33%) of the tribal farmers producing less than 1.2 litres of milk per day and majority (64.67%) of the respondents selling surplus milk through middle man.

Increasing milk production from forage: production systems and extension service preferences of the northern Australian dairy industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Chataway ◽  
D. G. Barber ◽  
M. N. Callow
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Enterprise Size

Dairy farms in Queensland were stratified by six regions, three levels of enterprise size (0.25–0.69, 0.7–1.39 or >1.4 ML milk/year) and two rainfall zones (<1000 and >1000 mm/year). Thirteen percent of farmers (89 farms) were surveyed using a prepared questionnaire to ascertain the current production systems, forage management practices and preferences for extension services. Herd size, dairy area, milk production per cow, the use of cropping, pit silage, concentrate input and irrigation input all increased (P < 0.05) with larger enterprises. At the same time the stocking rate on high milk volume farms was almost twice that on smaller farms. The drier zone (<1000 mm/year) was associated with lower stocking rate, higher per cow production and a greater emphasis on cropping and feedpad usage (P < 0.05). The importance of enterprise growth through intensification of the existing farm land resource base is indicated through these findings. Apart from ration formulation, processes used to manage cropping land, irrigation and grazing were primarily based on tradition or intuition. In valuing extension activities, farmers across all enterprise sizes were in general agreement that information products warranted only a small investment. As enterprise size increased, a more individualised and focussed extension service, delivered through targeted discussion groups and personal coaches was favoured.

Deoni cattle breed of India. A study on population dynamics and morphometric characteristics

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
G.K. Gaur ◽  
A.E. Nivsarkar ◽  
G.R. Patil ◽  
K.R. Mitkari
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Adjoining Area ◽  
Chest Girth

SummaryDeoni is an important dual-purpose breed of cattle in Maharashtra. These animals are mainly found in the Latur district and the adjoining area of Prabhani, Nanded and Osmanabad districts of the Marathwada region of Maharashtra. From 1996 to 1999, a systematic survey was conducted in 13 strata involving 69 villages to determine geographic distribution, establish breed characteristics, determine socioeconomic status and existing management practices as well as to estimate the approximate population of Deoni cattle in its breeding tract. The total number of households enumerated was 9 132. The average herd size was 2.5 animals with a range of 1 to 16. About 30 percent of farmers were found rearing Deoni cattle. The total population of the Deoni in the entire breeding tract was estimated at 118 945. A decrease in Deoni cattle population (8.78 percent) was also noticed from August 1996 to August 1998.Deoni is a medium heavy animal. It is found in three-colour variations viz.Wannera, Balankya and Shevera. The body is moderately developed and symmetrical with distinct muscles. Horn length, ear length, head length, chest girth, body length and height averaged 17.61, 26.18, 49.82, 151.82, 120.11 and122.22 cm in adult cows and 19.97, 26.67, 53.68, 163.55, 129.59 and 134.36 cm in bullocks. Lactation milk yield averaged 868 litres. The average fat content in the milk of Deoni cows was 4.3 percent. Cows showed their first estrus at the average age of 36 months. Average age at first calving was 46 months. Service period and inter-calving period averaged 170 and 447 days. The selected bulls started breeding at the age of 30 months. Calf and adultmortality was found to be negligible and the breed was found to be hardy and well adapted to tropical draught prone areas. The declining trend of the Deoni cattle breed calls for immediate steps to control the reasons. Regarding conservation and improvement, both models need to be implemented effectively to make the programme successful.

Characterisation of smallholding dairy farms in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas F. Balcão ◽  
Cibele Longo ◽  
João H. C. Costa ◽  
Cintia Uller-Gómez ◽  
Luiz C. P. Machado Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
Intensive Group

Smallholder dairy farmers that are responsible for 90% of the milk produced in Santa Catarina State, in southern Brazil, transitioned in recent decades from milk production for self-consumption to commercial dairying. The objective of this study was to identify groups sharing common characteristics, potentials and limitations and compare their main management practices, milk production and milk quality. We collected data from 124 farms distributed in 24 municipalities, using semi-structured interviews, inspection of the housing and milking environment, and live observations during one complete milking. Multivariate analyses revealed three groups of farmers: ‘Semi-Intensive’ (n = 51), ‘Pasture-Based’ (n = 50), and ‘Extensive’ (n = 23). Group differences included land and herd size (both larger in Semi-Intensive, P < 0.002); feeding management of dairy cows (e.g. greater use of pasture improvement techniques in Extensive and Pasture-Based, and more efficient rotational grazing management in Pasture-Based, P < 0.04); use of external inputs (e.g. lower use of concentrate and silage in Pasture-Based, P < 0.001); milking infrastructure and hygiene practices (better in Semi-Intensive, P < 0.04), and milk productivity (greater in Semi-Intensive, P < 0.001). The Extensive group conserves several features of the subsistence, traditional mode of milk production, and makes inefficient use of costly feeding practices, which threatens its sustainability. The two other groups of farms took different, almost opposite directions to deal with the limitations in farm area: the Semi-Intensive group have adopted an entrepreneurial farming style and the Pasture-Based, a more agroecological path. These results highlight the need to develop specific strategies and policies to help these different types of producers to coexist in the dairy production chain.

scholarly journals Analysis of Dairy Farming Systems in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadja Sanon ◽  
NEYA Samuel ◽  
KONFE Salif ◽  
BOUGOUMA Valérie
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Sahelian Zone

Abstract The insufficiency and variability of pasture production is a determining factor in milk production, particularly in the Sahelian zone. The objective of this study was to characterize dairy production systems and their relationship with crops to meet livestock needs. It consisted of surveys of 120 farmers in four communes in the Séno province. The results show three groups of dairy farmers that are essentially differentiated by the main activity and the sex of the farmers as well as the size of the cattle herd on the farm. The first group is made of male agropastoralists, with herds averaging 12 cattle. Group 2 consists of male agropastoralists with an average of 22 cattle. Group 3 consists of female pastoralists (96.15%), with a herd size of about 19 head. The cows are fed on pasture and supplemented with crop residues with cotton cake, which is more important in group 2, where more farmers have hayloft for fodder conservation and manure pits compared to the other two groups. Crop residues are used primarily as feed in all groups from January to May. This supplementation allows the maintenance of milk production in the dry season and group 2, with more dairy cows, records more milk milked (6.5 and 3.8 l) and consumed in wet and dry seasons compared to the other two groups. The results suggest that the farmers in the area have low technical level and need capacity building in agropastoral fields to improve their production.

Sources and uses of information on a West Coast dairy farm

2002 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
C. Van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Directional Information

I am a 30-year-old sharemilker on my parent's 600 cow developing farm near Blackball on the western side of the Grey Valley. Earlier this year I competed in the National Young Farmer of the Year competition and finished a close third. So what is information? There are two types of information that I use. There is data gathered from my farm to help fine tune the running of the day to day operations on the farm And directional information This is the information that arrives in papers and directs the long-term direction and plans of the farm and farming businesses. Due to the variability in weather on the Coast there is a greater need to monitor and adjust the farming system compared to an area like Canterbury. This was shown last year (2001/02) when the farm was undergoing a rapid period of development and I was under time restraints from increasing the herd size, building a new shed as well as developing the farm. The results of the time pressure was that day to day information gathering was lower resulting in per cow production falling by 11% or around $182 per cow. So what information was lacking that caused this large drop in profit. • Pasture growth rates • Cow condition • Nitrogen requirements • Paddock performance • Milk production • Pre-mating heat detection As scientists and advisers I hear you say that it is the farmer's responsibility to gather and analyse this information. You have the bigger topics to research and discover, gene marking, improving pasture species, sexing of sperm and ideas that I have not even contemplated yet. This is indeed very valuable research. Where would farming be without the invention of electric fences, artificial breeding and nitrogen research? But my problem is to take a farm with below average production to the top 10% in production with the existing technology and farming principles. I have all the technical information I need at the end of a phone. I can and do ring my consultant, fertiliser rep, vet, neighbour and due to the size and openness of New Zealand science, at present if they do not know I can ring an expert in agronomy, nutrition, soils and receive the answer that I require. I hope that this openness remains as in a time of privatisation and cost cutting it is a true advantage. I feel that for myself the next leap in information is not in the growing of grass or production of milk but in the tools to collect, store and utilise that information. This being tied to a financial benefit to the farming business is the real reason that I farm. Think of the benefits of being able to read pasture cover on a motorbike instantly downloaded, overlaying cow intake with milk production, changes in cow weight, daily soil temperature and predicted nitrogen response. Telling me low producing cows and poor producing paddocks, any potential feed deficits or surpluses. This would be a powerful information tool to use. The majority of this information is already available but until the restraints of time and cost are removed from data gathering and storage, this will not happen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document