scholarly journals Associations between the Bovine Myostatin Gene and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-Cross Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Ishaku L. Haruna ◽  
Yunhai Li ◽  
Ugonna J. Ekegbu ◽  
Hamed Amirpour-Najafabadi ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Myostatin Gene ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation

The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expression has been associated with both increased and decreased adipogenesis and increased skeletal muscle mass in animals. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, was utilized to reveal nucleotide sequence variation in bovine MSTN in 410 New Zealand (NZ) Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross cows. These cows ranged from 3 to 9 years of age and over the time studied, produced an average 22.53 ± 2.18 L of milk per day, with an average milk fat content of 4.94 ± 0.17% and average milk protein content of 4.03 ± 0.10%. Analysis of a 406-bp amplicon from the intron 1 region, revealed five nucleotide sequence variants (A–E) that contained seven nucleotide substitutions. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses the AD genotype was associated with reduced C10:0, C12:0, and C12:1 levels when compared to levels in cows with the AA genotype. These associations in NZ HF × J cross cows are novel, and they suggest that this variation in bovine MSTN could be explored for increasing the amount of milk unsaturated fatty acid and decreasing the amount of saturated fatty acid.

scholarly journals Variation in bovine leptin gene affects milk fatty acid composition in New Zealand Holstein Friesian  ×  Jersey dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ishaku Lemu Haruna ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Jon G. H. Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Abstract. Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates food/feed intake, body weight, immune function and reproduction. In our investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification coupled with single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to reveal variation in bovine leptin gene (LEP) in New Zealand (NZ) Holstein Friesian × Jersey (HF × J) dairy cows. Subsequent sequence analysis of a 430 bp amplicon spanning the entirety of exon 3 and part of the intron 2 region revealed three variant sequences (A3, B3 and C3) containing a total of five nucleotide substitutions, all of which have been reported previously. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses, the presence of variant A3 (the most common variant) was associated with a decreased level of C15:1, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1 all trans, C18:2 trans-9, cis-12, C22:0 and C24:0 levels but increased levels of C12:1 and C13:0 iso (p<0.05). Variant B3 was associated with reduced levels of C6:0, C8:0, C11:0, C13:0 and C20:0 but increased C17:0 iso and C24:0 levels (p<0.05). Variant C3 was associated with decreased C17:0 iso levels but increased C20:0 (p<0.05) levels. In a genotype model, the A3B3 genotype was associated with increased levels of C22:0 and C24:0 but decreased C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C13:0, C15:0 and grouped medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) levels (p<0.05). Genotype A3C3 was found to be associated with decreased levels of C10:0, C11:0, C13:0 and grouped MCFA (p<0.05). This is the first report of findings of this kind in NZ HF × J cows, and they suggest that variation in exon 3 of bovine leptin gene could be explored as a means of decreasing the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk.

scholarly journals Sequence Variation in the Bovine Lipin-1 Gene (LPIN1) and Its Association with Milk Fat and Protein Contents in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3223
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Du ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Yunhai Li ◽  
Jonathan G. H. Hickford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lipin 1

Lipin-1 is known to play a regulatory role in tissues that function in lipid metabolism. In dairy cows, the lipin-1 gene (LPIN1) is highly expressed in the mammary gland, but its function in milk production is less understood. In this study, we used PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis to investigate sequence variation in three regions of bovine LPIN1 in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross dairy cows, including part of the 5′ non-coding region, the region containing the LPIN1β-spliced exon, and the sixth coding exon that encodes the putative transcriptional activating domain of the protein. No variation was found in the LPIN1β-spliced exon, but two sequence variants containing one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were identified in the 5′ non-coding region and four sequence variants containing four non-synonymous SNPs were identified in the sixth coding exon. Among the three common variants of the sixth coding exon, variant C was found to be associated with an increase in milk fat percentage (presence 4.96 ± 0.034% vs. absence 4.81 ± 0.050%; p = 0.006) and milk protein percentage (presence 4.09 ± 0.017% vs. absence 3.99 ± 0.025%; p = 0.001), but no associations (p > 0.01) were detected for milk yield. These results suggest that variation in LPIN1 affect the synthesis of fat and proteins in milk and has potential as a gene-marker to improve milk production traits.

Variation in PLIN2 and its association with milk traits and milk fat composition in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Y. H. Li ◽  
H. Zhou ◽  
L. Cheng ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
J. G. H. Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation

Abstract The current study investigated associations between variation in the bovine perilipin-2 gene (PLIN2) and milk traits (milk fat content, milk protein content, milk yield and milk fatty acid (FA) component levels) in 409 New Zealand pasture-grazed Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-cross (HF × J-cross or Kiwicross™) cows. Five nucleotide sequence variants were found in three regions of the gene, including c.17C>T in exon 2, c.53A>G in exon 3, c.595+23G>A and c.595+104_595+108del in intron 5, and c.*302T>C in the 3′-untranslated region. The c.*302T>C substitution produces two nucleotide sequence variants (A5 and B5), and this variation was associated with variation in milk protein content and milkfat composition for C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0 and C16:0 FA and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) groups. After correcting for the effect of variation in the diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1) that results in the amino acid substitution p.K232A, variation in the FA binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) and variation in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Δ-9-desaturase) gene (SCD) that results in the amino acids substitution p.A293V, significant differences between A5A5 and B5B5 cows were found for C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C16:0, and the MCFA, LCFA, total saturated FA and C10:1 index groups. This suggests that nucleotide sequence variation in PLIN2 may be affecting milk FA component levels.

Seasonal variations in the composition and thermal properties of New Zealand milk fat: I. Fatty-acid composition

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Weight Percentage

SummaryThe fatty-acid composition of 17 samples of New Zealand milk fat obtained throughout one dairy season is reported.The weight percentage of butyric (C4:0) acid was significantly correlated with that of caproic (C6:0) acid and that of caprylic (C8:0) acid. Percentages of C6:0and C8:0showed a highly significant correlation with each other and with weight percentages of capric (C10:0) and lauric (C12:0) acids.There was a highly significant negative correlation between palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids and between C4:0and C16:0acids. Oleic (C18:1) acid showed significant negative correlations with C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, myristic (C14:0) and C16:0acids.

scholarly journals Variation in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (<i>SCD</i>) and its influence on milk fatty acid composition in late-lactation dairy cattle grazed on pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Yunhai Li ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
Jenny Zhao ◽  
Jonathan Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
Jersey Cows

Abstract. Gene markers have become useful tools for improving animal genetics and breeding since they improve the accuracy of selection for superior breeding stock. In this study, the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Δ-9-desaturase) gene (SCD) was investigated in New Zealand pasture-grazed Holstein–Friesian × Jersey cows. Three nucleotide substitutions were identified in exon 5 of the gene (c.702A/G, c.762T/C and c.878C/T), and a single nucleotide substitution was identified in intron 5 (c.880+105A/G). The c.878C/T substitution would, if expressed, result in the amino acid substitution p.A293V. Four nucleotide substitutions (c.*1783A/G, c.*1883C/T, c.*1984G/A and c.*2066T/C/G) were identified in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), and these resulted in three nucleotide sequence variants (named a, b and c). The sequence that would encode valine (V) at position 293 of SCD was linked to 3′-UTR variant a, and the sequence that would encode alanine (A) was linked to variants b and c. The frequency of the genotypes was as follows: VV (equivalent to aa: 15.1 %), VA (equivalent to ab+ac: 50.0 %) and AA (equivalent to bb+cc+bc: 34.9 %). The cows with the V variant produced less C10:1, C12:1 and C14:1 fatty acid (FA) but more C10:0, C11:0, C14:0, C16:1 and C18:2 FA than the A variant cows (P<0.001). Effects of c.*1783A/G and c.*2066T/C/G on milk fat composition were also found for the AA cows. The presence of c was associated with decreased levels of C16:1 (P<0.001), C17:1 (P=0.001), C18:2 cis-9, trans-13 (P=0.045), C18:2 cis-9, trans-12 (P=0.018) FA and C16:1 FA index (P<0.001). The presence of b was associated with increased levels of C13:0 iso FAs (P<0.001), monounsaturated FA (MUFA; P=0.002) and C12:1 (P<0.001).

Estimation of genetic and crossbreeding parameters of fatty acid concentrations in milk fat predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in New Zealand dairy cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
Richard J. Spelman ◽  
Janine Melis ◽  
Stephen R. Davis ◽  
Sarah D. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calibration Equations

The objective of this study was to estimate heritability and crossbreeding parameters (breed and heterosis effects) of various fatty acid (FA) concentrations in milk fat of New Zealand dairy cattle. For this purpose, calibration equations to predict concentration of each of the most common FAs were derived with partial least squares (PLS) using mid-infrared (MIR) spectral data from milk samples (n=850) collected in the 2003–04 season from 348 second-parity crossbred cows during peak, mid and late lactation. The milk samples produced both, MIR spectral data and concentration of the most common FAs determined using gas chromatography (GC). The concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) between the concentration of a FA determined by GC and the PLS equation ranged from 0·63 to 0·94, suggesting that some prediction equations can be considered to have substantial predictive ability. The PLS calibration equations were then used to predict the concentration of each of the fatty acids in 26 769 milk samples from 7385 cows that were herd-tested during the 2007–08 season. Data were analysed using a single-trait repeatability animal model. Shorter chain FA (16 : 0 and below) were significantly higher (P<0·05) in Jersey cows, while longer chain, including unsaturated longer chain FA were higher in Holstein-Friesian cows. The estimates of heritabilities ranged from 0·17 to 0·41 suggesting that selective breeding could be used to ensure milk fat composition stays aligned to consumer, market and manufacturing needs.

Effects of FABP4 variation on milk fatty-acid composition for dairy cattle grazed on pasture in late lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Yunhai Li ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
Miriam Hodge ◽  
Jenny Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis research communication describes associations between variation in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) and milk fat composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross dairy cows. After correcting for the effect of the amino acid substitution p.K232A in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), which is associated with variation in many milk fatty acid (FA) component levels, the effect of FABP4 c.328A/G on milk FA levels was typically small. For the five genotypes analysed, the AB cows produced more medium-chain fatty acids than CC cows (P < 0.05), and more C14:0 FA than AA and AC cows (P < 0.05). The AA and AC cows produced less C22:0 FA (P < 0.01) than the BC cows, and the AC cows produced more C24:0 FA (P < 0.05) than was produced by the BC cows. Cows of genotype CC produce more long-chain fatty acids than cows of genotype BC (P < 0.05).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document