Oral Transmucosal or Intramuscular Administration of Dexmedetomidine–Methadone Combination in Dogs: Sedative and Physiological Effects

The aim of this study was to compare the sedative and physiological effects following either oral transmucosal (OTM) or intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine–methadone combination in healthy dogs. Thirty dogs were randomly assigned to receive a dexmedetomidine–methadone combination either by the OTM (n = 15) or intramuscular (n = 15) route. Sedation was scored 10, 20, and 30 min after drugs administration. Heart rate (HR), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), respiratory rate (fR), and body rectal temperature were recorded before drugs administration and then every 10 min for 30 min. Propofol dose required for orotracheal intubation was recorded. Sedation scores increased over time within both groups with higher values in intramuscular group (p < 0.05). Within each group, HR decreased significantly compared with baseline (p < 0.001) and was significantly lower in intramuscular group compared with the OTM group (p < 0.001). In both groups, NIBP increased significantly compared with baseline (p < 0.05). In the intramuscular group, fR was lower compared with the OTM group at all the observational time points (p < 0.001). Propofol dose was lower in the intramuscular group (p < 0.05). Compared to intramuscular dexmedetomidine–methadone, OTM combination produced lower but effective sedation in healthy dogs.

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Comparison of intramuscular butorphanol and buprenorphine combined with dexmedetomidine for sedation in cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x17709612 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 325-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rebecca J Bhalla ◽

Toby A Trimble ◽

Elizabeth A Leece ◽

Enzo Vettorato

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Sedative Effect ◽

Intravenous Catheter ◽

Exact Test ◽

Composite Scale ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Sedation Scores ◽

Adult Cats ◽

To Receive ◽

Over Time

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the sedative effect of butorphanol–dexmedetomidine with buprenorphine–dexmedetomidine following intramuscular (IM) administration in cats. Methods Using a prospective, randomised, blinded design, 40 client-owned adult cats were assigned to receive IM dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) combined with either butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) (‘BUT’ group) or buprenorphine (20 µg/kg) (‘BUP’ group). Sedation was scored using a previously published multidimensional composite scale before administration (T0) and 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins afterwards (T5, T10, T15 and T20, respectively). Alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered IM at T20 if the cat was not deemed adequately sedated to place an intravenous catheter. Adverse events were recorded. Friedman two-way ANOVA analysed sedation scores within groups. Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test compared sedation scores between groups; Fisher’s exact test analysed the frequency of alfaxalone administration and adverse events. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Sedation scores between groups were similar at baseline, but at T5, T10, T15 and T20 scores were higher in the BUT group ( P <0.01). Within both groups, sedation scores changed over time and the highest sedation scores were reached at T10. Requirement for additional sedation was similar between groups: two cats in the BUT group and five cats in the BUP group. One cat and 11 cats vomited ( P = 0.002) in the BUT and BUP groups, respectively. No other adverse events were recorded. Conclusions and relevance At these doses, IM buprenorphine–dexmedetomidine provides inferior sedation and a higher incidence of vomiting than butorphanol–dexmedetomidine in cats. Butorphanol–dexmedetomidine may be preferred for feline sedation, especially where vomiting is contraindicated.

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Prevalence and Photobiology of Photosynthetic Dinoflagellate Endosymbionts in the Nudibranch Berghia stephanieae

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2200

Author(s):

Ruben X. G. Silva ◽

Paulo Cartaxana ◽

Ricardo Calado

Keyword(s):

Food Deprivation ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Complete Loss ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sea Slugs ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Over Time

Berghia stephanieae is a stenophagous sea slug that preys upon glass anemones, such as Exaiptasia diaphana. Glass anemones host photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts that sea slugs ingest when consuming E. diaphana. However, the prevalence of these photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts in sea slugs appears to be short-lived, particularly if B.stephanieae is deprived of prey that host these microalgae (e.g., during bleaching events impacting glass anemones). In the present study, we investigated this scenario, along with food deprivation, and validated the use of a non-invasive and non-destructive approach employing chlorophyll fluorescence as a proxy to monitor the persistence of the association between sea slugs and endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates acquired through the consumption of glass anemones. Berghia stephanieae deprived of a trophic source hosting photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts (e.g., through food deprivation or by feeding on bleached E. diaphana) showed a rapid decrease in minimum fluorescence (Fo) and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) when compared to sea slugs fed with symbiotic anemones. A complete loss of endosymbionts was observed within 8 days, confirming that no true symbiotic association was established. The present work opens a new window of opportunity to rapidly monitor in vivo and over time the prevalence of associations between sea slugs and photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts, particularly during bleaching events that prevent sea slugs from incorporating new microalgae through trophic interactions.

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Does non‐invasive blood pressure measurement increase the complications and decrease indwelling time of peripheral intravenous catheters: A cohort study

Journal of Clinical Nursing ◽

10.1111/jocn.15751 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiling Tan ◽

Shangping Zhao ◽

Xiaoqin Li ◽

Bo Gu ◽

Zhao Ni

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Invasive Blood Pressure ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Indwelling Time ◽

Intravenous Catheters ◽

Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement

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Sedative effects of alfaxalone and hydromorphone with or without midazolam in cats: a pilot study

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x21996155 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1098612X2199615

Author(s):

Emily P Wheeler ◽

Amanda L Abelson ◽

Jane C Lindsey ◽

Lois A Wetmore

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Time Correlation ◽

Catheter Placement ◽

Blinded Study ◽

Sedative Effects ◽

Sedation Scores ◽

Adult Cats ◽

To Receive

Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs hydromorphone and alfaxalone. Methods This was a prospective, randomized and blinded study. Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IM injection of hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg), alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg; HAM group), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg; HA group). Sedation scoring (0–9, where 9 indicated maximum sedation) was performed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins from the time of injection. At 20 mins, an IV catheter placement score (0–10, where 10 indicated least resistance) was performed. Results Twenty-one client-owned adult cats were included in this study. Sedation and IV catheter placement scores were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Peak sedation was significantly higher ( P = 0.002) in the HAM group (median 9; range 7–9) than in the HA group (median 7; range 3–9), and IV catheter placement scores were significantly higher ( P = 0.001) in the HAM group (median 9.5; range 7–10) compared with the HA group (median 7; range 4–9). Spearman correlations were calculated between IV catheter placement score and sedation scores. There was a significant positive correlation of average sedation over time (correlation 0.83; P <0.001) and sedation at 20 mins (correlation 0.76; P <0.001) with a higher, more favorable IV catheter placement score. Conclusions and relevance These preliminary results suggest that the addition of midazolam to IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone produced more profound sedation and greater ease of IV catheter placement than IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone alone.

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