scholarly journals Histological Study of Suprabranchial Chamber Membranes in Anabantoidei and Clariidae Fishes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Dobrochna Adamek-Urbańska ◽  
Ewelina Błażewicz ◽  
Magdalena Sobień ◽  
Robert Kasprzak ◽  
Maciej Kamaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Structural Variety ◽  
Tissue Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Suprabranchial Chamber

Accessory respiratory organs (AROs) are a group of anatomical structures found in fish, which support the gills and skin in the process of oxygen uptake. AROs are found in many fish taxa and differ significantly, but in the suborder Anabantoidei, which has a labyrinth organ (LO), and the family Clariidae, which has a dendritic organ (DO), these structures are found in the suprabranchial cavity (SBC). In this study, the SBC walls, AROs, and gills were studied in anabantoid (Betta splendens, Ctenopoma acutirostre, Helostoma temminckii) and clariid (Clarias angolensis, Clarias batrachus) fishes. The histological structure of the investigated organs was partially similar, especially in relation to their connective tissue core; however, there were noticeable differences in the epithelial layer. There were no significant species-specific differences in the structure of the AROs within the two taxa, but the SBC walls had diversified structures, depending on the observed location. The observed differences between species suggest that the remarkable physiological and morphological plasticity of the five investigated species can be associated with structural variety within their AROs. Furthermore, based on the observed histology of the SBC walls, it is reasonable to conclude that this structure participates in the process of gas exchange, not only in clariid fish but also in anabantoids.

Species-diagnostic and species-specific DNA sequences evenly distributed throughout pine and spruce chromosomes

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Mehes-Smith ◽  
Paul Michael ◽  
Kabwe Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Specific Sequences

Genome organization in the family Pinaceae is complex and largely unknown. The main purpose of the present study was to develop and physically map species-diagnostic and species-specific molecular markers in pine and spruce. Five RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and one ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) species-diagnostic or species-specific markers for Picea mariana , Picea rubens , Pinus strobus , or Pinus monticola were identified, cloned, and sequenced. In situ hybridization of these sequences to spruce and pine chromosomes showed the sequences to be present in high copy number and evenly distributed throughout the genome. The analysis of centromeric and telomeric regions revealed the absence of significant clustering of species-diagnostic and species-specific sequences in all the chromosomes of the four species studied. Both RAPD and ISSR markers showed similar patterns.

Comparative Cytogenetics in Four Leptodactylus Species (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): Evidence of Inner Chromosomal Diversification in Highly Conserved Karyotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David S. da Silva ◽  
Heriberto F. da Silva Filho ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Edivaldo H.C. de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson J.B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agnor Staining ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetics ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Repetitive Dna Elements

With 82 species currently described, the genus <i>Leptodactylus</i> is the most diverse and representative one in the family Leptodactylidae. Concerning chromosomal organization, this genus represents an interesting and underexplored group since data from molecular cytogenetics are incipient, and little is known about the organization and distribution of repetitive DNA elements in the karyotypes. In this sense, this study aimed at providing a comparative analysis in 4 <i>Leptodactylus</i> species (<i>L. macrosternum, L. pentadactylus, L. fuscus,</i> and <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf<i>. podicipinus</i>), combining conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining, C-banding, and AgNOR staining) and mapping of molecular markers (18S rDNA, telomeric and microsatellite probes), to investigate mechanisms underlying their karyotype differentiation process. The results showed that all species had karyotypes with 2n = 22 and FN = 44, except for <i>Leptodactylus</i> cf. <i>podicipinus</i> which presented FN = 36. The 18S rDNA was observed in pair 8 of all analyzed species (corresponding to pair 4 in <i>L. pentadactylus</i>), coinciding with the secondary constrictions and AgNOR staining. FISH with microsatellite DNA probes demonstrated species-specific patterns, as well as an association of these repetitive sequences with constitutive heterochromatin blocks and ribosomal DNA clusters, revealing the dynamics of microsatellites in the genome of the analyzed species. In summary, our data demonstrate an ongoing process of genomic divergence inside species with almost similar karyotype, driven most likely by a series of pericentric inversions, followed by differential accumulation of repetitive sequences.

Histological study and immunohistochemical location of cytoskeletal proteins in the ovaries of the three species of lizards of the family Leiosauridae (Reptilia: Squamata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 101477
Author(s):  
Enely Maris da Silveira Firmiano ◽  
Clarice Machado-Santos ◽  
Amanda Oliveira Serra-Campos ◽  
Bernadete Maria de Sousa ◽  
Nadja Lima Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Histological analysis of the tongue, esophagus and crop of Southern Carcará (Polyborus plancus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e21410212439
Author(s):  
Vanessa Sobue Franzo ◽  
Leiny Paula de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Pôssas Viana ◽  
Adriano Tony Ramos ◽  
Jéssica Fernanda Bertolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

The Southern Caracara is a bird of prey, of the family Falconidae, inhabits all the Brazilian territory, they are omnivorous birds adapted for hunting. The digestive system of the predators presents differences in their morphology due to their eating habits. Knowing the importance of the gastrointestinal system, this study aims to carry out a histological study of the tongue, esophagus and the crop of Polyborus plancus. For this purpose, eight avian of both sexes, with different body weights and ages were used, they were euthanized and the organs were collected, fixed, dehydrated and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was noted that the tongue has stratified squamous epithelium with mucous glands and with different degrees of keratinization. The esophagus and crop have four well developed muscle layers and mucous glands. Additionally, in the crop there is presence of an adventitious layer that consists of loose connective tissue. We conclude that the tongue, the esophagus and the crop of the Southern Caracara have similar histological organization of several birds like the Pekin Ducks, ostriches, domestic chicken and partridges.

scholarly journals Morphological and Histological Study of an ‘Iliac Venous Ladder’ Associated with Very Short Common Iliac Arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Satheesha B. Nayak ◽  
Sudarshan Surendran ◽  
Venu Madhav Nelluri ◽  
Prakashchandra Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Iliac Vein ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Common Iliac Vein ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Common

Abstract Introduction Communications between iliac veins in the pelvis are reported to be rare occurrences, which are mostly due to developmental abnormalities. The common iliac vein is formed by the joining of the internal and external iliac veins. Here, we present a detailed morphological and histological study of a rare communication found between the internal and external iliac veins, which would prove to be of substantial value to the knowledge of vessels in the pelvis, both for clinicians and surgeons. Materials and Methods In the present study, we came across a rare communication in the form of a ladder, between the left internal and external iliac veins in a 70-year-old male cadaver. There were two communications (named upper and lower communications) between the external and internal iliac veins, before they joined to form the common iliac vein. On naked eye observation, the lumen of the right common iliac vein appeared to be wider than on the left side. The lengths of these communications and the distance between each of their attachments have been measured and tabulated. The walls of these veins, their microscopic sections and their communication involved in the case were taken. The possible causes for these variations were congenital, owing to the complicated nature of the developmental process involved in the formation of the inferior vena cava and the venous system of the lower limb. Results The structure of all the veins involved in this case and the communications were seen to be normal. The thickness of these walls were measured and tabulated for uniformity around the circumference of the wall of these veins. All the measurements from the structural variations and from the histological observations are tabulated in our results. Conclusion The complicated development sequence of these veins could have possibly led to the persistence of these communications. Such a developmental variation does not seem to pose any threat until unless encountered under clinical or surgical interventions, as the histological structure of the walls of the communications as well as the major channels connected appeared to be normal and well-developed. The detailed morphological and histological features of these structures involved in the variation along with the possible complications have been presented in the present report. Knowledge of these variations and complications due to injury plays a key role in a clinical setup.

Very Low Fruit : Flower Ratios in Grevillea (Proteaceae) are Independent of Breeding System

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Hermanutz ◽  
David Innes ◽  
Andrew Denham ◽  
Robert Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Species Specific

Members of the family Proteaceae have extremely low mature fruit : flower (FR : FL) ratios (range 0.001–0.163) compared with other temperate, hermaphroditic, woody perennials. Sutherland’s (1986) survey of FR : FL ratios indicated that compatibility was an important factor explaining levels of fruit set. The role of compatibility in regulating FR : FL ratios was tested in five closely related species of Grevillea (Proteaceae). Species-specific compatibility was compared using the self-compatibility index (SI = ratio of selfed fruit set to crossed fruit set) calculated at fruit initiation to minimise the confounding effect of other post-fertilisation fruit losses, such as inbreeding depression and pre-dispersal predation. Fruit : flower ratios at initiation ranged from 0.041–0.249, and at maturity 0.015–0.096. Grevillea species showed highly variable breeding systems: G. linearifolia was self-incompatible (SI = 0.003), G. sphacelata, G. mucronulata, and G. oleoides were partially self-compatible (SI = 0.07–0.28) and G. longifolia was self-compatible (SI = 0.61). Intrapopulation variability in the level of self-incompatibility was high in all species but G. linearifolia. The correlation between SI and FR: FL ratios was non-significant, indicating that compatibility has a minimal effect on fruit set in the Grevillea species studied, and that these data, together with other data on proteaceous species do not support trends observed in Sutherland’s survey. Low FR : FL ratios resulted from of a combination of pollen limitation, and high levels of flower and fruit predation.

Morphological and systematic study of the tribe Australiosomatini (Diplopoda:Polydesmida:Paradoxosomatidea:Paradoxosomatidae) and a revision of the genus Australiosoma Brölemann

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissah Rowe ◽  
Petra Sierwald
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Species Specific

The collection of several paradoxosomatid species in the context of ecological studies prompted an investigation into the morphology and species-level characteristics of Australian millipedes in the tribe Australiosomatini Brölemann, 1916 (Polydesmida : Paradoxosomatidae). Three new species are described: Akamptogonus caragoon, sp. nov., Australiosoma fulbrighti, sp. nov. and Australiosoma combei, sp. nov. Notes or re-descriptions are provided for nine additional species belonging to the tribe. Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to examine details of the antennal sensory fields, the fifth sternite lamella and associated pores. The presence of the fifth sternite lamella in adult males is considered a synapomorphy for the family Paradoxosomatidae, whereas the prominent tubercle on the first femur in males (adenostyle) represents a synapomorphy of the subfamily Australiosomatinae. With the description of two new species in the genus Australiosoma Brölemann, 1913 a revision of the genus was undertaken with the purpose of constructing a species-level phylogeny. The most commonly described and utilised species-specific characteristics were scored in a data matrix and analysed using PAUP. The analysis resulted in a single, fully resolved tree of the following structure: Hoplatria clavigera ((A. clavigerum, A. inusitatum) (((A. rainbowi, A. nodulosum) A. michelseni) (A. laminatum (A. combei, A. fulbrighti))).

scholarly journals Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioleta Kellmann-Sopyła ◽  
Justyna Koc ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki ◽  
Marcin Domaciuk ◽  
Irena Giełwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Colobanthus Quitensis ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed species wereColobanthus quitensisof West Antarctic (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands) as well asCerastium alpinumandSilene involucrataof the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In all evaluated species, flowering responses were adapted to the short Arctic and Australian summer, and adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were also observed. The microsporangia of the analyzed plants produced small numbers of microspore mother cells that were differentiated into a dozen or dozens of trinucleate pollen grains. The majority of mature pollen grains remained inside microsporangia and germinated in the thecae. The monosporous Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms) of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had an egg cell and two synergids with typical polarization. A well-developed filiform apparatus was differentiated in the micropylar end of the synergids. In mature diaspores of the analyzed plants of the family Caryophyllaceae, a large and peripherally located embryo was, in most part, adjacent to perisperm cells filled with reserve substances, whereas the radicle was surrounded by micropylar endosperm composed of a single layer of cells with thick, intensely stained cytoplasm, organelles and reserve substances. The testae of the analyzed plants were characterized by species-specific primary and secondary sculpture, and they contained large amounts of osmophilic material with varied density. Seeds ofC. quitensis,C. alpinumandS. involucrataare very small, light and compact shaped.

scholarly journals Pistacia chinensis: A Potent Ameliorator of CCl4Induced Lung and Thyroid Toxicity in Rat Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Naz ◽  
Muhammad Rashid Khan ◽  
Naseer Ali Shah ◽  
Saadia Sattar ◽  
Farah Noureen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

In the current study protective effect of ethanol extract ofPistacia chinensisbark (PCEB) was investigated in rats against CCl4induced lung and thyroid injuries. PCEB dose dependently inhibited the rise of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, and protein content and restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes, that is, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and quinone reductase in both lung and thyroid tissues of CCl4treated rats. Decrease in number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and hemoglobin and T3and T4content as well as increase in monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes count with CCl4were restored to normal level with PCEB treatment. Histological study of CCl4treated rats showed various lung injuries like rupture of alveolar walls and bronchioles, aggregation of fibroblasts, and disorganized Clara cells. Similarly, histology of CCl4treated thyroid tissues displayed damaged thyroid follicles, hypertrophy, and colloidal depletion. However, PCEB exhibited protective behaviour for lungs and thyroid, with improved histological structure in a dose dependant manner. Presence of three known phenolic compounds, that is, rutin, tannin, and gallic acid, and three unknown compounds was verified in thin layer chromatographic assessment of PCEB. In conclusion,P. chinensisexhibited antioxidant activity by the presence of free radical quenching constituents.

An intergeneric hybrid in the family Phocoenidae

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin W Baird ◽  
Pamela M Willis ◽  
Tamara J Guenther ◽  
Paul J Wilson ◽  
Bradley N White
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
The Family ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Species Specific

A 60-cm female fetus recovered from a Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) found dead in southern British Columbia was fathered by a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). This is the first report of a hybrid within the family Phocoenidae and one of the first well-documented cases of cetacean hybridization in the wild. In several morphological features, the hybrid was either intermediate between the parental species (e.g., vertebral count) or more similar to the harbour porpoise than to the Dall's porpoise (e.g., colour pattern, relative position of the flipper, dorsal fin height). The fetal colour pattern (with a clear mouth-to-flipper stripe, as is found in the harbour porpoise) is similar to that reported for a fetus recovered from a Dall's porpoise to off California. Hybrid status was confirmed through genetic analysis, with species-specific repetitive DNA sequences of both the harbour and Dall's porpoise being found in the fetus. Atypically pigmented porpoises (usually traveling with and behaving like Dall's porpoises) are regularly observed in the area around southern Vancouver Island. We suggest that these abnormally pigmented animals, as well as the previously noted fetus from California, may also represent hybridization events.

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