Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Injected in Ovo on the Microstructure of the Breast Muscle in Different Chicken Genotypes

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics injected in ovo on day 12 of embryonic development on the microstructure of the superficial pectoral muscle (musculus pectoralis superficialis) from 42-day-old chickens of different genotypes: broilers (Ross 308) and general-purpose type (green-legged partridge (GP) chickens Zk-11, native chickens). Incubated eggs were divided into four groups (each genotype separately) depending on the substance injected in ovo: normal saline (C, control); Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (PRO); galactooligosaccharides, GOS (PRE) or GOS + L. lactis (SYN). After hatching, chicks were placed in eight replicated pens (four pens/genotype group). There were eight birds per pen. In total, 64 birds were used in the experiment. Birds were slaughtered at the age of 42 days, and samples of superficial pectoral muscles were taken for analysis. The microstructure of the pectoral muscles was evaluated using the cryosectioning (frozen tissue sectioning) technique and staining with haematoxylin and eosin. Statistical analysis revealed that the in ovo injection of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics had no significant effect on the diameter of muscle fibres from chickens of the two genotypes. The number of fibres in the muscles from green-legged partridge chickens was about three-fold higher than the fibre density in the muscles from broiler chickens, with the fibre diameter being two-fold smaller. This fact may indicate a greater tenderness of meat from GP chickens compared to the meat from Ross 308 broilers. In the case of broilers, a prebiotic (GOS) was the most effective bioactive substance in reducing the number of histopathological changes. Considering muscles from GP chickens, the number of normal fibres was highest in birds treated with the probiotic. These findings indicate that the microstructural features of pectoral muscles depend not only on the type of the injected bioactive substance but also on the genotype of chickens.

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Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on histological and histopathological parameters of Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/103/2017-cjas ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Bogucka ◽

D.M. Ribeiro ◽

R.P.R. Costa ◽

M. Bednarczyk

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fibre ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Muscle Fibre Types ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

The Impact

Bioactive substances may constitute an alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics are mixtures of microorganisms that enhance the effectiveness and yield of nutrient absorption by competing for the substrate against pathogens that may cause intestinal infections. Prebiotics are organic substances which include complex carbohydrates and have an influence on the growth and activity of desirable intestinal microflora. Synbiotics are a combination of both of them. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of synbiotics added to commercial feed on Pectoralis major muscle microstructure in broiler chickens. Research material consisted of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 female chicks. Birds were divided into 2 groups, 12 broilers each (replicated 10 times). The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, and the SYN group was fed the same diet with added synbiotic: 0.8% of prebiotic RFO (raffinose family oligosaccharides) extracted from lupin seeds and 1% of probiotic Lavipan<sup>®</sup>. Birds were slaughtered at day 42. Immediately after slaughter, samples of the Pectoralis major muscle for histological analysis were taken and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The staining procedures performed were: hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate fibre diameter and histopathological changes, oil red staining to determine intramuscular fat content, NADH-TR (tetrazolium reductase) activity to distinguish muscle fibre types and alkaline phosphatase reaction for counting the number of capillaries. The tendency to reduced muscle fibre diameter in chickens supplemented with synbiotics indicates an increase in muscle fibre density, which gives meat a more delicate structure. When assessing the occurrence of histopathological changes, significantly more fibre splitting was observed in the control group. Moreover, the positive effect of feed supplementation with synbiotics on muscle microvascularization could have an important practical meaning, because low physical activity of chickens during rearing may lead to ischemic muscles, increased changes in the structure of muscle fibres, and reduction of meat quality.

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Metabolic Gene Expression in the Muscle and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens Stimulated In Ovo with Synbiotics

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 687 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽

Maria Siwek ◽

Anna Slawinska ◽

Adam Lepczynski ◽

Agnieszka Herosimczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Rna Isolation ◽

Pectoral Muscle ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽

In Ovo ◽

Metabolic Gene ◽

Metabolic Gene Expression

To better understand the effects of synbiotics administered at early stages of embryonic development in poultry, it is necessary to analyze direct effects (meat quality) and the molecular background. The molecular interpretation of poultry meat properties after in ovo administration of synbiotics remains to be reported. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the molecular background of meat quality based on gene expression and basic physiological parameters. Eggs were injected with (S1) Lactobacillus salivarius with galacto-oligosaccharides or (S2) Lactobacillus plantarum with raffinose family oligosaccharides. The pectoral muscle was collected at two time points (day 7 and day 42) and subjected to RNA isolation. Gene expression analysis was performed by RT-qPCR for a panel of eight genes associated with metabolism. The concentration of glucose and hormones (insulin, glucagon, and leptin (S1 p = 0.04)) was also increased. The obtained results showed that metabolic gene expression in the muscle was more differential due to synbiotic stimulation on day 7 (FST in S1 p = 0.03; PDK4 in S1 p = 0.02 and S2 p = 0.01; CEBPB in S1 p = 0.01 and S2 p = 0.008; PHKB in S1 p = 0.01; PRKAG3 in S1 p = 0.02) than on day 42 (PDK4 in S1 p = 0.04). On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that in ovo stimulation with S1 triggered the most potent and favorable changes in the pectoral muscle gene expression in broiler chickens.

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Effects of in ovo injection of prebiotics and synbiotics on the productive performance and microstructural features of the superficial pectoral muscle in broiler chickens

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pez202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. 5157-5165 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Dankowiakowska ◽

J Bogucka ◽

A Sobolewska ◽

S Tavaniello ◽

G Maiorano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoral Muscle ◽

Productive Performance ◽

In Ovo ◽

In Ovo Injection

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Modulation of Intestinal Histology by Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Delivered In Ovo in Distinct Chicken Genotypes

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3293

Author(s):

Monika Bogusławska-Tryk ◽

Ewa Ziółkowska ◽

Anna Sławińska ◽

Maria Siwek ◽

Joanna Bogucka

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Intestinal Histology ◽

In Ovo ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Lactococcus Lactis Subsp ◽

Bioactive Substance

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics administered in ovo on selected morphological parameters of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) in broiler chickens (Ross 308) and native chickens (Green-legged Partridge, GP). On the 12th day of embryonic development (the incubation period), an aqueous solution of a suitable bioactive substance was supplied in ovo to the egg’s air cell: probiotic—Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (PRO), prebiotic—GOS, galacto-oligosaccharides (PRE) or symbiotic—GOS + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (SYN). Sterile saline was injected into control (CON) eggs. After hatching, the chicks were placed in pens (8 birds/pen, 4 replicates/group) and housed for 42 days. On the last day of the experiment, all birds were individually weighed and slaughtered. Samples for histological analysis were taken directly after slaughter from three sections of the small intestine. In samples from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the height and width of the intestinal villi (VH) were measured and their area (VA) was calculated, the depth of the intestinal crypts (CD) was determined, the thickness of the muscularis was measured and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth (V/C) was calculated. On the basis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that the applied substances administered in ovo affect the production parameters and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens and GP. The experiment showed a beneficial effect of in ovo stimulation with a prebiotic on the final body weight of Ross 308 compared to CON, while the effect of the administered substances on the intestinal microstructure is not unequivocal. In GP, the best effect in terms of villi height and V/C ratio was found in the in ovo synbiotic group. Taking into account the obtained results, it can be concluded that chickens of different genotypes react differently to a given substance; therefore, the substances should be adapted to the genotype.

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Effect of synbiotics administered in ovo on microvascularization and histopathological changes in pectoral muscle and the biochemical profile of broiler chicken blood

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2021.101628 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101628

Author(s):

Joanna Bogucka ◽

Agata Dankowiakowska ◽

Magdalena Stanek ◽

Katarzyna Stadnicka ◽

Krzysztof Kirkiłło-Stacewicz

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Pectoral Muscle ◽

Biochemical Profile ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

In Ovo ◽

Chicken Blood

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Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles—Toxicity and Effect of In Ovo Inoculation on Chicken Embryo Development, Broiler Performance and Bone Status

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 932

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Matuszewski ◽

Monika Łukasiewicz ◽

Jan Niemiec ◽

Maciej Kamaszewski ◽

Sławomir Jaworski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Chicken Embryo ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Selection Procedure ◽

High Specificity ◽

Control Group ◽

In Ovo

The use of intensive selection procedure in modern broiler chicken lines has led to the development of several skeletal disorders in broiler chickens. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bone quality in birds. In ovo technology, using nanoparticles with a high specificity to bones, is a potential approach. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of in ovo inoculation (IOI) of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCN) on chicken embryo development, health status, bone characteristics, and on broiler production results and bone quality. After assessing in vitro cell viability, the IOI procedure was performed with an injection of 500 μg/mL CCN. The control group was not inoculated with CCN. Hatchability, weight, and selected bone and serum parameters were measured in embryos. Part of hatchlings were reared under standard conditions until 42 days, and production results, meat quality, and bone quality of broilers were determined. CCN did not show cytotoxicity to cells and chicken embryo and positively influenced bone parameters of the embryos and of broilers later (calcification) without negatively affecting the production results. Thus, the IOI of CCN could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis, resulting in better mineralization, and could provide a sustained effect, thereby improving bone quality in adult birds.

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Effects of in ovo injection of Astragalus kahericus polysaccharide on early growth, carcass weights and blood metabolites in broiler chickens

Animal Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/10495398.2021.1924763 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Hussin H. El-Fakhrany ◽

Zenat A. Ibrahim ◽

Elwy A. Ashour ◽

Ali Osman ◽

Mahmoud Alagawany

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Early Growth ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

In Ovo ◽

In Ovo Injection

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Effect of in ovo injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone on the timing of hatching in broiler chickens

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pex162 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 3452-3456 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yugo Watanabe ◽

Sylvia V.H. Grommen ◽

Bert De Groef

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

In Ovo ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

In Ovo Injection

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Effects of Selected Prebiotics or Synbiotics Administered in ovo on Lymphocyte Subsets in Bursa of the Fabricius, Thymus, and Spleen in Non-Immunized and Immunized Chicken Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Marianna Szczypka ◽

Agnieszka Suszko-Pawłowska ◽

Maciej Kuczkowski ◽

Michał Gorczykowski ◽

Magdalena Lis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Double Positive ◽

In Ovo ◽

Lactococcus Lactis Subsp ◽

Egg Incubation ◽

Stimulation Of

The effects of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the lymphocyte subsets of the lymphoid organs in non-immunized 7-day-old broiler chickens and in non-immunized, sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-immunized, and dextran (DEX)-immunized 21- and 35-day-old birds were studied. The substances were injected on the 12th day of egg incubation: Prebiotic1 group (Pre1) with a solution of inulin, Prebiotic2 group (Pre2) with a solution of Bi2tos (non-digestive transgalacto-oligosaccharides), Synbiotic1 group (Syn1) with inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1, and Synbiotic2 group (Syn2) with Bi2tos and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1. In 7-day-old chicks, a decrease in T splenocytes was noticed in all groups. The most pronounced effect in 21- and 35-day-old birds was an increase in TCRγδ+ cells in Syn1 and Syn2 groups. A decrease in bursal B cells was observed in DEX-immunized Pre1 group (21-day-old birds), and in the Syn1 group in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized 35-day-old birds. An increase in double-positive lymphocytes was observed in Pre1 (35-day-old birds) and Pre2 (immunized 21-day-old birds) groups. In Pre1 and Syn1 groups (21- and 35-day-old), an increase in B splenocytes and a decrease in T splenocytes were observed. We concluded that Syn1 was the most effective in the stimulation of the chicken immune system.

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