scholarly journals Supplemental Effects of Phytase on Modulation of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in the Jejunum and the Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, and Bone Parameters in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3351
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo C. Moita ◽  
Marcos Elias Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
P Content ◽  
Supplemental Effects

This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of phytase on modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, bone parameters, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty newly hatched broiler chickens (Ross 308) (44 ± 2 g BW) were randomly allotted in 6 treatments with 10 birds per cage based on a completely randomized design and fed for 27 d. The treatments consisted of one negative control (NC), diet formulated meeting the requirements suggested by Ross recommendations (2019), and without phytase supplementation. The other treatments consisted of a positive control diet (PC) formulated with 0.15% deficient Ca and P and split into 5 treatments with different phytase inclusion levels (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 FTU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to feeds as an indigestible marker to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. On d 27, 3 birds were randomly selected from each cage and euthanized to collect samples for analyzing the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum, oxidative stress status, AID, and bone parameters. Data were analyzed using the proc Mixed of SAS 9.4. Phytase supplementation tended to have a quadratic effect (p = 0.078) on the overall ADG (maximum: 41 g/d at 2833 FTU/kg of feed). Supplementation of phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced (p < 0.05) Pelomonas. Moreover, it tended to reduce Helicobacter (p = 0.085), Pseudomonas (p = 0.090) Sphingomonas (p = 0.071). Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the villus height and the AID of CP; and tended to increase (p = 0.086) the AID of P. Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) breaking strength and P content in the tibia. In conclusion, phytase supplementation showed potential benefits on the modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum by tending to reduce harmful bacteria (Pelomonas, Helicobacter, and Pseudomonas) and increase beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus). In addition, it showed positive effects increasing apparent ileal digestibility of CP and P, enhancing intestinal morphology (villus height), and improving the bone parameters (bone breaking strength, ash, and P content). Phytase supplementation at a range of 38 to 59 FTU/d or 600 to 950 FTU/kg of feed provided the most benefits related to nutrient digestibility.

PSXVI-6 Supplemental effects of phytase on bone parameters, intestinal health, nutrient digestibility and growth performance on broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo C Moita ◽  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
P Content ◽  
Supplemental Effects

Abstract This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of phytase (VTR BIO-TECH, China) on bone parameters, jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of broiler chickens (Ross 308). Newly hatched broiler chickens (360, 44 ± 6 g BW) were randomly allotted in 6 treatments with 10 birds per cage based on CRD and fed for 27 d. Dietary treatments were the supplementation levels of phytase providing (0; 500; 1,000; 2,000; 4,000 FTU/kg feed) and 0.15% less Ca and 0.15% less P than the recommended requirements by ROSS 2019. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to the diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 27, 3 birds were randomly selected from each cage and euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure microbiota diversity and morphology, ileal digesta to measure AID, and left tibia to measure bone parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS. Phytase supplementation tended to increase overall ADG (P = 0.078; 39.7 to 42.2 g/d), whereas without affecting the overall ADFI and G:F. Phytase supplementation reduced (P &lt; 0.05) Pelomonas (10.01 to 2.64%) and tended to reduce Helicobacter (P = 0.085; 10.67 to 0.88%); Pseudomonas (P = 0.090; 2.02 to 0.31%); Sphingomonas (P = 0.071; 1.03 to 0.19%). Phytase supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) villus height (884 to 989 µm); the AID of CP (65.4 to 70.6%) and P (36.3 to 43.7%). Increasing phytase supplementation from 0 to 1,296 FTU/kg increased (P &lt; 0.05) breaking strength (184 to 213 N) and P content in the tibia (9.5 to 10.0%). In conclusion, phytase supplementation up to 4,000 FTU/kg feed showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa, enhancing intestinal morphology and by increasing the AID of nutrients; and on the bone parameters by increasing the breaking strength and P content.

scholarly journals Influence of Enzyme Supplementation in the Diets of Broiler Chickens Formulated with Different Corn Hybrids Dried at Various Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Franciele C. N. Giacobbo ◽  
Cinthia Eyng ◽  
Ricardo V. Nunes ◽  
Cleison de Souza ◽  
Levy V. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

We evaluated the influence of enzymatic supplementation on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers. A total of 2160 1-day-old male chicks were used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (three corn hybrids, two drying temperatures −80 and 110 °C, with or without the inclusion of an enzymatic blend (amylase, xylanase, and protease) (20 birds/pen, n = 9). For all performance and digestibility parameters, we observed, in general, isolated effects of the corn hybrids and drying temperature. Birds that received the enzymatic blend in the diet showed better weight gain from 1 to 21 days (d) and better digestibility coefficients of nutrients at 42 d. Birds fed diets with corn dried at 80 °C showed a better feed conversion ratio from 1 to 42 d. At 21 d of age, enzymatic supplementation had positive effects on jejunum morphology. Enzyme supplementation increased the abundance of the phylum Tenericutes, class Bacilli and Mollicutes, reduced Clostridia, and increased the abundances of the families Lactobacillaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae, and O_RF39;F. In conclusion, the addition of amylase, xylanase, and protease led to a better nutrient digestibility, performance, and intestinal morphology. In addition, enzyme supplementation changed the diversity, composition, and predicted function of the cecal microbiota at d 21.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Camelina, Flax, and Sunflower Seeds in the Diets for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Growth Performance, Health Status, and Carcass and Meat Quality Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Zając ◽  
Bożena Kiczorowska ◽  
Wioletta Samolińska ◽  
Renata Klebaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Dietary Value

The study determined the effect of the addition of 15% of camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds to iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets for broiler chickens during 21–42 days of age on the nutrient digestibility, production traits, slaughter analysis parameters, hematological indices, blood mineral elements, and dietary value of breast and drumstick meat. Two hundred one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to four groups (treatments) with five replicates (10 birds per cage, 5 females and 5 males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. Broiler chickens receiving diets supplemented with camelina and flax seeds exhibited an increase (p < 0.05) in average body weight and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the ether extract content and energy digestibility of the diets. Moreover, the best carcass quality with a high proportion of muscles and low abdominal fat content (p < 0.05) was noted in broilers fed flax- and sunflower-enriched diets. The treatments with the oil seeds reduced the ether extract content and the calorific value of breast and drumstick muscles. The flax seeds contributed to an increase in the Fe content in drumstick muscles. Additionally, some blood parameters were influenced by the flax seed supplementation, e.g., the level of hemoglobin declined (p < 0.05) and the iron level in plasma increased (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds can be regarded as good dietary components with positive effects on the dietary value of poultry meat.

scholarly journals Adding wheat and rapeseed meal to corn-soy diets affects intestinal morphology and nutrient digestibility in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Amirahmadi ◽  
A.R. Safamehr ◽  
A. Nobakht ◽  
Y. Mehmannavaz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thyme essential oil and enzyme supplementation on rations with two different energy (wheat or corn) and protein resources (soy or rapeseed meals) on gut morphology and protein digestibility of broiler chickens. Three hundred eighty-four male Ross-308 broiler chickens were used with a 23 factorial arrangement with treatments according to a completely randomized design. The morphological examinations of the intestine were carried out on 1-cm long excised segments from duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Adding wheat to the diet increased small intestine length in birds compared to other feedstuffs (P <0.05). Duodenum crypt depth and jejunum villi length were also higher in groups fed with rations containing wheat (P <0.05). Groups that received thyme essential oil and enzyme supplementation had increased length of the duodenum (P <0.05). However, the two- and three-factor interaction effects were not significant. Protein digestibility was not affected by treatment (P >0.05). Feeding wheat to broiler chickens may increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine as compensation for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat-based diets. Wheat based diets are expected to be acceptable for broilers when supplemented with appropriate enzymes or thyme essential oil.

Growth performance, digestibility, haematology, biochemistry, and some humoral immunity blood parameters of broiler chickens fed different levels of Boswellia serrata resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ridha Mustafa Al-Yasiry ◽  
Bożena Kiczorowska ◽  
Wioletta Samolińska ◽  
Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Levels

The study determined the effect of three different levels of Boswellia serrata tree resin (BSR) supplementation in diets for broiler chickens on the growth performance, selected slaughter analysis, nutrient digestibility, as well as haematology, biochemical and some humoral immunity blood parameters. In total, 200 1-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments. The broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0 (C), 1.5 (BSR1.5), 2 (BSR2), or 2.5% Boswellia serrata resin (BSR2.5). The BSR treatments improved (P < 0.05) the feed intake and feed conversion ratio at breeding Days 22–35, but did not differentiate the nutrient digestibility in the diets. The best-quality carcass with a high proportion of muscles and low fat content (Control versus BSR diets, linear, P < 0.05) was obtained in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with 2% and 2.5% BSR. The blood profile was affected by the BSR treatments. The lymphocyte count increased linearly in blood (P < 0.05) along the increasing amounts of BSR. The content of uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood plasma decreased upon the BSR supplementation (Control vs BSR diets, linear, P < 0.05; and Control vs BSR diets, linear, P < 0.01, respectively). The resin of Boswellia serrata can be considered as a good botanical feed additive, which can have positive effects on the performance and health of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Dimethylglycine Supplementation in Reduced Energy Broilers’ Diets Restores Performance by Improving Nutrient Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Sofia Chalvatzi ◽  
Georgios A. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vasilios Tsiouris ◽  
Ilias Giannenas ◽  
Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Standard Energy

Reducing the energy content of broiler diets could lead to the formulation of diets with reduced production cost. Dimethylgycine (DMG) has been used as a dietary supplement to enhance dietary fat utilization in poultry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of DMG supplementation in reduced energy diets on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty day-old broilers were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: a standard energy diet (PC treatment), a reduced energy diet by 66 kcal/kg (NC treatment) and the reduced energy diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of DMG (DMG treatment). Fat digestibility was significantly higher in DMG group, compared to PC and NC groups. Intestines and gizzard lesion scores were found to be lower in the DMG group compared to PC. DMG supplementation resulted in lower jejunum pH and ileum viscosity in broilers. Overall, the present study showed that DMG supplementation in reduced energy broiler diets restored growth performance to the levels obtained with a standard diet. This result was probably mediated by the positive effects on the gastrointestinal function of the broilers after DMG supplementation, as evidenced by the improved nutrient digestibility, the reduced gross lesion scores and the lower values in intestinal pH and viscosity.

scholarly journals Effect of Extrusion on Nutrients Digestibility, Metabolizable Energy and Nutritional Value of Yellow Lupine Seeds for Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rutkowski ◽  
Sebastian A. Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Hejdysz ◽  
Dorota Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fat Digestibility

Abstract The aim of investigations was the estimation of nutritional value of currently cultivated yellow lupine cultivars in raw and extruded form, and their usefulness for broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted with male Ross 308 chickens. In a digestibility trial 60 fifteen-day-old birds were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (20 replications in each). Birds were kept in individual pens. Digestibility was calculated using the difference method. From day 16 to 21, diets contained lupine meal in raw or extruded form and the basal diet in the ratio 20:80. Subsequently, the total digestibility of dry matter and crude fat, also apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN value of lupine seeds were determined on chickens fed different forms of lupine. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids of lupine seeds was also analyzed. In the second experiment the one-day-old birds were randomly assigned to ten dietary treatments (10 replications in each) and were fed diets with increasing amounts of raw or extruded lupine from 10 to 30%. The chickens in control treatments were fed a diet without lupine. Extruded yellow lupine meal was characterized by lower phytic P content in comparison to raw yellow lupine meal. The content of remaining ingredients and antinutritional substances was similar. Yellow lupine seeds post extrusion were characterized by better total crude fat digestibility, nitrogen retention and AMEN values, compared to raw seeds. Higher ileal digestibility was confirmed in numerous amino acids, except lysine, threonine and valine (P≤0.05). By feeding the broilers with diets consisting of 10 to 30% of lupine seeds post extrusion (experiment II), improved apparent fat digestibility, apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN values were achieved in young chickens (P<0.01). Using 10 and 20% of lupine in the diets showed significant positive effects of extrusion on body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion rate. The performance indices of chickens were drastically decreased by use of 25% ratio of both raw and extruded yellow lupine in the diet. This effect was heightened by a 30% share in feed mixtures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document