Effects of Microencapsulated Methionine on Milk Production and Manure Nitrogen Excretions of Lactating Dairy Cows

The study objective was to determine the effects of rumen-protected methionine (Met) by microencapsulation (RPM) on amino acid (AA) supply to the udder, milk production, and manure nitrogen (N) losses of dairy cows. A corn and soybean-based diet deficient in metabolizable Met (~10 g/d) was supplemented with RPM providing 0, 11.0, 19.3, and 27.5 g/d of Met. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, plasma essential AA (EAA), mammary plasma flow (MPF), and fecal (FN) and urinary N (UN) outputs (g/d) were determined. The RPM increased linearly milk yield, milk protein yield, and energy corrected milk yield (p < 0.040) without affecting DMI. Milk protein yield increased by 50 g/d for the 19.3 vs. 0 g/d dose (p = 0.006) but the rate of increment decreased for 27.5 g/d dose. Plasma Met, and MPF increased linearly with RPM dose (p < 0.050). Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.020) and FN (p = 0.081) decreased linearly with RPM. The UN did not change but total manure N decreased linearly with RPM (p = 0.054). The RPM (19.3 g/d) seemed to help cows overcome the metabolizable Met deficiency while mitigating manure N excretions to the environment.

Download Full-text

A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of the Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Choline on the Metabolic Health and Performance of Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9080566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 566 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Humer ◽

Bruggeman ◽

Zebeli

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Metabolic Health ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Yield Level ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

After parturition, cows undergo negative energy balance leading to fat mobilization, predisposing them to fatty liver syndrome and ketosis with major consequences for health and reproduction. Supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) has attracted major research efforts during the last decade, assuming that choline improves liver function by increasing very low-density lipoprotein exportation from the liver, thereby improving metabolic profiles, milk production, and reproduction. However, the effects of RPC on production, health, and reproduction have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of RPC supplementation, starting from d 20 (± 12.2) ante partum to d 53 (± 31.0) postpartum, on feed intake, milk production performance and metabolic profiles of dairy cows early postpartum. Data analyses from 27 published studies showed an increase in postpartal dry matter intake (from on average 19.1 to 19.9 kg/d; p < 0.01) and milk yield (from on average 31.8 to 32.9 kg/d; p = 0.03) in cows receiving RPC. Milk fat yield and milk protein yield were also increased (p ≤ 0.05), without changing milk protein and fat contents. However, no interactive effects between cow’s milk yield level and RPC-supplementation as well as no dose-dependent effects of RPC supplementation were observed. Supplementing the diet with RPC showed no effects on blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and cholesterol), independent of the milk yield level of the cows. An effect on liver triacylglycerol contents, incidence of ketosis, and mastitis could not be confirmed across all studies included in this meta-analysis. Also, the positive effects of RPC supplementation on reproductive performance were not consistent findings. In conclusion, supplementing RPC in lactating dairy cows showed positive effects on dry matter intake which likely caused the improved milk yield. However, RPC supplementation did not improve the metabolic health status of the cows. As several factors might be related to the responses to RPC, further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of RPC action in lactating cows, especially with regards to feed intake improvement and its related metabolic health-promoting potential in early lactating dairy cows.

Download Full-text

The effect of level of protein in the concentrates on hay intake, milk production and digestive processes by Saanen goats

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600035583 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1987 ◽

pp. 124-124

Author(s):

M S Badamana ◽

J D Sutton

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Present Experiment ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Forage Intake ◽

Digestive Processes

Increasing the crude protein (CP) concentrations of dairy concentrates in mixed diets has been found to increase milk yield and forage intake in a curvilinear manner in lactating dairy cows. In an experiment with lactating goats, linear increases in milk yield were observed as the CP in the concentrates was increased from 117 to 185 gAg DM. The purpose of the present experiment was to see if increases in hay intake and milk yield could be established to still higher levels of CP in the concentrates and to measure various associated aspects of digestion.

Download Full-text

The Order of Grass and Maize Silage Supplementation Modifies Milk Yield, Grazing Behavior and Nitrogen Partitioning of Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9060373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ignacio E. Beltrán ◽

Omar Al-Marashdeh ◽

Ana R. Burgos ◽

Pablo Gregorini ◽

Oscar A. Balocchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Nitrogen Partitioning ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Grazing Behavior ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Holstein Friesian

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the order of grass silage (GS) and maize silage (MS) supplementation on milk yield, grazing behavior and nitrogen (N) partitioning of lactating dairy cows during autumn. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments, and cows remained on these treatments for a 62 days period: (1) MIX; cows supplemented with 3 kg of dry matter (DM) of silage containing 1.5 kg DM of MS and 1.5 kg DM of GS in both the morning and afternoon; (2) GS-MS; cows supplemented with 3 kg DM of GS in the morning and 3 kg DM of MS in the afternoon; (3) MS-GS; cows supplemented with 3 kg DM of MS in the morning and 3 kg DM of GS in the afternoon. All cows received a pasture allowance of 17 kg DM/cow/d and 3 kg DM of concentrate. Grazing time and pasture intake were unaffected by treatment; however, milk production was greater for MS-GS, while milk protein was greater for GS-MS. Urinary N excretion was greater for MS-GS than MIX. In conclusion, MS-GS resulted in high milk yield but also high urinary N excretion, while MIX resulted in low urinary N excretion but also decreased milk yield.

Download Full-text

The effect of level of protein in the concentrates on hay intake and milk production by saanen goats

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600015737 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1986 ◽

pp. 64-64

Author(s):

M.S. Badamana ◽

J.D. Sutton ◽

A. Mowlem ◽

J.D. Oldham

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Forage Intake ◽

Ad Libitum

Increasing the crude protein (CP) concentration of dairy concentrates in mixed diets has been found to increase milk yield and forage intake in lactating dairy cows. However relatively little is known about the response of lactating goats to such dietary changes. The purpose of the present experiment was to see if beneficial responses could be established in lactating goats given fixed amounts of concentrates with different protein concentrations and ad libitum hay.Twenty-seven Saanen goats in their second or later lactation were offered 1.5 kg hay (98 g CP, 393 g acid-detergent fibre, 609 g neutral detergent fibe/kg dry matter (DM), and from 0.15 increasing to 0.45 kg concentrates (152 g CP/kg DM) daily in the 6 weeks before kidding. During the first 2 weeks after kidding, the concentrates were increased to 0.7 kg/day. Results for milk production in week 2 were used for covariance in subsequent calculations. At week 3 of lactation all goats were allocated to one of three groups and were offered hay ad libitum and 1 kg concentrates containing 117 (LP), 152 (MP) or 185 (HP) g CP/kg DM daily to week 15.

Download Full-text

Effect of Herbal Galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) on Milk Yield and Milk Constituents in Lactating Kankrej Cattle at Organised Farm

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.15.2.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 39-41

Author(s):

H H Panchasara ◽

A B Chaudhari ◽

D A Patel ◽

Y M Gami ◽

M P Patel

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Nutritional Requirements ◽

Not Given ◽

Distinct Effect ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Group I ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding herbal galactogogue preparation (Sanjivani biokseera) on the milk yield and milk constituents in lactating Kankrej cows. Thirty-two lactating Kankrej cows in their 1st to 6th lactation were taken for the experiment from 3 days after calving up to 52 days postpartum. All the animals were fed as per the standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The cows were randomly divided into two uniform groups of 16 cows in each according to initial milk yield and milk composition. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and served as control. The animals in group-II were given Sanjivani biokseera (Naturewell Industries) @ 60 g per day for 1-month, commencing 3 days after calving, in addition to the usual feeds/fodders. A clear difference was observed in milk yield from day 8 onward of experiment between groups with significant (plessthan0 0.05) higher values from day 16-52 in cows fed herbal galactogogue as compared to control, but no such distinct effect on milk constituents was observed on day 52 when analyzed. The use of herbal galactogogue significantly (p lessthan 0.05) increased the overall average of 52 days milk production, which was 9.34 ± 0.21 lit/day in supplemented as compared to 7.75 ± 0.26 lit/day in control animals. It was concluded that herbal galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) could increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through its galactopoetic property and improved rumen environment.

Download Full-text

Predicting Daily Dry Matter Intake Using Feed Intake of First Two Hours after Feeding in Mid and Late Lactation Dairy Cows with Fed Ration Three Times Per Day

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Shulin Liang ◽

Chaoqun Wu ◽

Wenchao Peng ◽

Jian-Xin Liu ◽

Hui-Zeng Sun

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Validation Dataset ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Independent Dataset ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Proposed Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the dry matter intake of first 2 h after feeding (DMI-2h), body weight (BW), and milk yield to estimate daily DMI in mid and late lactating dairy cows with fed ration three times per day. Our dataset included 2840 individual observations from 76 cows enrolled in two studies, of which 2259 observations served as development dataset (DDS) from 54 cows and 581 observations acted as the validation dataset (VDS) from 22 cows. The descriptive statistics of these variables were 26.0 ± 2.77 kg/day (mean ± standard deviation) of DMI, 14.9 ± 3.68 kg/day of DMI-2h, 35.0 ± 5.48 kg/day of milk yield, and 636 ± 82.6 kg/day of BW in DDS and 23.2 ± 4.72 kg/day of DMI, 12.6 ± 4.08 kg/day of DMI-2h, 30.4 ± 5.85 kg/day of milk yield, and 597 ± 63.7 kg/day of BW in VDS, respectively. A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the REG procedure of SAS to develop the forecasting models for DMI. The proposed prediction equation was: DMI (kg/day) = 8.499 + 0.2725 × DMI-2h (kg/day) + 0.2132 × Milk yield (kg/day) + 0.0095 × BW (kg/day) (R2 = 0.46, mean bias = 0 kg/day, RMSPE = 1.26 kg/day). Moreover, when compared with the prediction equation for DMI in Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (2001) using the independent dataset (VDS), our proposed model shows higher R2 (0.22 vs. 0.07) and smaller mean bias (−0.10 vs. 1.52 kg/day) and RMSPE (1.77 vs. 2.34 kg/day). Overall, we constructed a feasible forecasting model with better precision and accuracy in predicting daily DMI of dairy cows in mid and late lactation when fed ration three times per day.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF VARIETY OF ENSILED CORN AND HAY SUPPLEMENTATION ON MILK PRODUCTION

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas68-006 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. S. Logan ◽

L. J. Fisher ◽

P. S. Hayden

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

Vacuum silages made from Pioneer 383 and Pride 5 corn were fed with concentrate and with and without hay to lactating dairy cows. Yields per hectare in terms of dry matter were 8,850 kg for Pioneer 383 and 8,350 kg for Pride 5. Intake of silage dry matter was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Pride 5 (11.4 kg/day) than for Pioneer 383 (9.8 kg/day), and significantly lower (P < 0.05) for both silages when hay was fed (11.4 kg/day versus 9.7 kg/day). Fat-corrected milk production was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Pride 5 (17.0 kg/day) than for Pioneer 383 silage (15.8 kg/day), and significantly higher (P < 0.05) when hay was fed, than without hay supplementation (167 kg/day versus 16.0 kg/day). Utilization of silage dry matter in terms of fat-corrected milk production per hectare was 10,486 kg for Pride 5 corn silage and 11,176 kg for Pioneer 383 corn silage.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF AMMONIATION OF, HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON DIGESTIBILITY, KINETICS OF RUMEN INGESTA TURNOVER, AND MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas89-023 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 195-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

P. H. ROBINSON ◽

J. J. KENNELLY

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Vitamin Supplement ◽

High Moisture ◽

Key Words Barley ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Pool Sizes

Three dairy cows with large rumen cannulae were fed totally mixed diets twice daily. Diets contained 49% whole crop oat silage, 38.5% high-moisture barley (HMB), and 12.5% protein-mineral-vitamin supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. HMB had been ammoniated at target levels of 0, 0.65, 1.30, and 1.95 g per 100 g HMB DM. Actual levels achieved were 0, 0.63, 1.30, and 1.95 g ammonia per 100 g. Apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent (ND) fiber, starch, and N were not significantly influenced by level of ammoniation of HMB, although there was a trend for increased N digestion. Total rumen pool sizes of wet ingesta and DM were not influenced by ammoniation levels of HMB, although proportion of ND fiber in rumen OM declined as level of ammoniation of HMB increased. Milk yield and production of milk protein and lactose increased as level of ammoniation of HMB increased. Data are interpreted to suggest that rumen digestion of dietary nonfiber components declined as level of ammoniation of HMB increased, although digestion of ND fiber was not influenced. These results support the hypothesis that ammoniation of HMB shifted the site of digestion of a portion of the dietary nonfiber component from the rumen to the intestine without influencing rumen microbial pool sizes or degradative activity. Greater energetic efficiency of intestinal digestion of dietary nonfiber components, as level of ammoniation of HMB increased, may have contributed to the increased milk yield. Key words: Barley (high-moisture), ammoniation, dairy cows, digestion

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum dengan Kualitas Berbeda Terhadap Profil Darah, Produksi Susu dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Perah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v6i1.4940 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aqni Hanifa

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Hb Concentration

<div class="Section1">An experiment was conducted to study blood profile, milk yield and liveweight gain of dairy cows as affected by dietary different quality of diets. The experiment used 15 lactating PFH were assigned into three treatments of diets and</div> five replication, three treatments of diets were : 1) T1 (CP 12% dan TDN 65%); 2) T2 (CP 14% dan TDN 70%) dan 3) T3 (CP 16% dan TDN 75%).The results of this experiment showed that the average of dry matter (DM) intake on Tl, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,59; 10,03 and 10,94 kg/d, respectively (P<0,01). The average of crude protein intake (CP) on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 1,06; 1,44 and 1,71 kg/d (P<0,01), also the average of TDN intake on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5,52; 6,86 and 8,02 kg/d (P<0,01). The average of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 10,21: 11,18 and 10,44 g/dl (P>0,05), also the average of eritrosit value on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 3,37; 3,73 and 3,48 million/mm3;, respectively (P>0,05). The average of milk yield on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,12; 11,29 and 13,42 l/d (P<0,05). The average of liveweight gain on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 81,66; 117,71 and 320,00 g/d (P>0,05). The conclusions of this research was the highest level of CP and "1'DN in diets (CP 16% and TDN 75%) showed that feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield gave the best than other treatments. Different dietary quality of diets altered significant on feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield, but the treatments did not affect on liveweight gain, Fib and eritrosit concentration. Key words : diets quality, feed intake, blood profile, milk yield, liveweight gain, dairy cows

Download Full-text

The efficacy of feeding a live probiotic yeast, Yea-Sacc®, on the performance of lactating dairy cows

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1017/jan.2015.10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Tristant ◽

C. A. Moran

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

Target Dose ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Farm Model ◽

The Impact

SummaryThe following trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding Yea-Sacc® (YS; Alltech Inc, USA), a zootechnical feed additive based on a live probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to lactating dairy cows over a 12 week period. Sixty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows, grouped to give similar range of parity, physiological and milk production stages, were selected for the study. Cows were equally allocated to either a control feed group or a diet supplemented with YS (32 cows per treatment). The test diet was formulated to include YS (Yea-Sacc® Farm Pak) incorporated in the total mixed ration (TMR), supplying a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg feed dry matter (DM). This target dose delivered 1 × 109 CFU/cow/day, for a cow consuming 20 kg feed (DM basis) daily. Each cow was considered a replicate unit. Cows were fed a nutritionally adequate total TMR plus hay and a supplementary protein/energy concentrate (calculated according to milk yield) for 12 weeks, supplied once a day after the morning milking. Weigh backs of feed were recorded daily, with refusals being maintained at 3% of the total intake. During the 12 week study period, YS had significant beneficial effects on milk production (+0.8 kg/day; P = 0.003), energy corrected milk production (+1.4 kg/day; P < 0.0001), synthesis of milk protein (+36 g/day; P = 0.001), milk protein content (+0.3 g/kg; P = 0.009), and milk urea content (−0.09 mg/l; P = 0.004). The synthesis of milk fat was similar between treatments but milk fat content was lower for the YS group compared to the control group (−1.1 g/kg; P = 0.0002). Lactose content was always higher (+0.8 g/kg; P < 0.0001) for the YS group, indicating enhanced energy utilisation. In general, the effect of YS was higher during the first study period (one to seven weeks), when cows were in early lactation and the production potential was higher. YS cows produced significantly more milk during the study, and an additional 220 kg milk per cow was sold from this group from the output measured from the beginning of the study to two weeks post-trial. However, the statistical analysis including the post-study period did not show a significant effect. The 305-day simulated milk production was higher for the YS group (+400 kg/cow) but again the difference was not significant. In conclusion, YS at a target dose of 5 × 107 CFU/kg DM improved milk production and milk quality in healthy dairy cows. In addition, when the data were included in a whole-farm model, feeding YS reduced methane emissions by 4%, reduced the number of animals required for the desired milk production by 4% and increased overall farm margins by 1.4%.

Download Full-text