scholarly journals Non-Invasive Assessment of Mild Stress-Induced Hyperthermia by Infrared Thermography in Laboratory Mice

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Urša Blenkuš ◽  
Ana Filipa Gerós ◽  
Cristiana Carpinteiro ◽  
Paulo de Castro Aguiar ◽  
I. Anna S. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Typical Temperature

Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) is a physiological response to acute stressors in mammals, shown as an increase in core body temperature, with redirection of blood flow from the periphery to vital organs. Typical temperature assessment methods for rodents are invasive and can themselves elicit SIH, affecting the readout. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a promising non-invasive alternative, if shown to accurately identify and quantify SIH. We used in-house developed software ThermoLabAnimal 2.0 to automatically detect and segment different body regions, to assess mean body (Tbody) and mean tail (Ttail) surface temperatures by IRT, along with temperature (Tsc) assessed by reading of subcutaneously implanted PIT-tags, during handling-induced stress of pair-housed C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice of both sexes (N = 68). SIH was assessed during 10 days of daily handling (DH) performed twice per day, weekly voluntary interaction tests (VIT) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) at the end. To assess the discrimination value of IRT, we compared SIH between tail-picked and tunnel-handled animals, and between mice receiving an anxiolytic drug or vehicle prior to the EPM. During a 30 to 60 second stress exposure, Tsc and Tbody increased significantly (p < 0.001), while Ttail (p < 0.01) decreased. We did not find handling-related differences. Within each cage, mice tested last consistently showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) Tsc and Tbody and lower (p < 0.001) Ttail than mice tested first, possibly due to higher anticipatory stress in the latter. Diazepam-treated mice showed lower Tbody and Tsc, consistent with reduced anxiety. In conclusion, our results suggest that IRT can identify and quantify stress in mice, either as a stand-alone parameter or complementary to other methods.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

Measuring core body temperature with a non-invasive sensor

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savyon Mazgaoker ◽  
Itay Ketko ◽  
Ran Yanovich ◽  
Yuval Heled ◽  
Yoram Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Core Body

scholarly journals Measurement of Core Body Temperature Using Graphene-Inked Infrared Thermopile Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Chaglla E. ◽  
Numan Celik ◽  
Wamadeva Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Thermopile Sensor ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Core Body

Continuous and reliable measurements of core body temperature (CBT) are vital for studies on human thermoregulation. Because tympanic membrane directly reflects the temperature of the carotid artery, it is an accurate and non-invasive method to record CBT. However, commercial tympanic thermometers lack portability and continuous measurements. In this study, graphene inks were utilized to increase the accuracy of the temperature measurements from the ear by coating graphene platelets on the lens of an infrared thermopile sensor. The proposed ear-based device was designed by investigating ear canal geometry and developed with 3D printing technology using the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Software, SolidWorks 2016. It employs an Arduino Pro Mini and a Bluetooth module. The proposed system runs with a 3.7 V, 850 mAh rechargeable lithium-polymer battery that allows long-term, continuous monitoring. Raw data are continuously and wirelessly plotted on a mobile phone app. The test was performed on 10 subjects under resting and exercising in a total period of 25 min. Achieved results were compared with the commercially available Braun Thermoscan, Original Thermopile, and Cosinuss One ear thermometers. It is also comprehended that such system will be useful in personalized medicine as wearable in-ear device with wireless connectivity.

scholarly journals Prediction of human core body temperature using non-invasive measurement methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Niedermann ◽  
Eva Wyss ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
Agnes Psikuta ◽  
Sarah Davey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Invasive Measurement

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Temperature Measurement Methods based on Degree of Agreement

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Nayana Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Core Body

Many sports have a high risk of climatic ailments, such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, and heatstroke. The measurement of a sportsperson's body core temperature (Tc) may have an impact on their performances and it assists them to avoid injuries as well. To avoid complications like electrolyte imbalances or infections, it's essential to precisely measure the core body temperature during targeted temperature control when spontaneous circulation has returned. Previous approaches on the other hand, are intrusive and difficult to use. The usual technique, an oesophageal thermometer, was compared to a disposable non-invasive temperature sensor that used the heat flux methodology. This research indicates that, non-invasive disposable sensors used to measure core body temperature are very reliable when used for targeted temperature control after overcoming a cardiac arrest successfully. The non-invasive method of temperature measurement has somewhat greater accuracy than the invasive approach. The results of this study must be confirmed by more clinical research with various sensor types to figure out if the bounds of agreement could be increased. This will ensure that the findings are accurate based on core temperature.

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