Non-Invasive Assessment of Mild Stress-Induced Hyperthermia by Infrared Thermography in Laboratory Mice

Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) is a physiological response to acute stressors in mammals, shown as an increase in core body temperature, with redirection of blood flow from the periphery to vital organs. Typical temperature assessment methods for rodents are invasive and can themselves elicit SIH, affecting the readout. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a promising non-invasive alternative, if shown to accurately identify and quantify SIH. We used in-house developed software ThermoLabAnimal 2.0 to automatically detect and segment different body regions, to assess mean body (Tbody) and mean tail (Ttail) surface temperatures by IRT, along with temperature (Tsc) assessed by reading of subcutaneously implanted PIT-tags, during handling-induced stress of pair-housed C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice of both sexes (N = 68). SIH was assessed during 10 days of daily handling (DH) performed twice per day, weekly voluntary interaction tests (VIT) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) at the end. To assess the discrimination value of IRT, we compared SIH between tail-picked and tunnel-handled animals, and between mice receiving an anxiolytic drug or vehicle prior to the EPM. During a 30 to 60 second stress exposure, Tsc and Tbody increased significantly (p < 0.001), while Ttail (p < 0.01) decreased. We did not find handling-related differences. Within each cage, mice tested last consistently showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) Tsc and Tbody and lower (p < 0.001) Ttail than mice tested first, possibly due to higher anticipatory stress in the latter. Diazepam-treated mice showed lower Tbody and Tsc, consistent with reduced anxiety. In conclusion, our results suggest that IRT can identify and quantify stress in mice, either as a stand-alone parameter or complementary to other methods.

Sensing Characteristics of Improved Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistors with Paint Forms

The disadvantage of using a typical temperature sensor is limited depending on the shape of the model to be measured. If the shape is curved, it is not easy to check the surface temperature. A smart paint for temperature measurement is proposed to overcome this disadvantage. Polymer solutions were prepared with a dispersion of materials and viscosity with the properties of paint forms. The smart paints showed various sensing characteristics depending on the amount of materials. In addition, it was analyzed through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that sliver particles are disposed around the ceramic particles to have electrical conductivity. This study optimized the proportion of ceramics added to smart paints so that they could overcome the limitations of PTC thermistors that can only identify specific temperatures. Therefore, the developed paint-type temperature sensor makes it easy to measure the temperature of various models.

Average Temperature Forecasting Based on Deli Serdang Station Using Long Short-Term Memory Model

An understanding of designs and gage of typical temperature joined of parameter climate and climate data for better water resource organization and orchestrating amid a bowl is uncommonly imperative. Examine climate designs utilizing ordinary and neighborhood every year typical temperatures, compare and make discernments. amid this consider, we'll analyze adjacent and conventional typical temperature data in 96031 Station backed recognition station input. the preeminent objective of this considers to appear the execution of the conventional temperature in an exceedingly single station and to predict the ordinary temperature data utilizing the Long memory Illustrate approach. bolstered the comes about of standard informatics of exploring temperature with adjacent temperature relationship, we got the appear of preparing bend, remaining plot, and thus the diffuse plot is showed up utilizing these codes. the decent execution of 96031 Station had a Mean Squared Error esteem of 0.01 and R squared esteem 0.98, concerning zero will speak to superior quality of the indicator.

Review on the Influence of Temperature upon Hydrogen Effects in Structural Alloys

It is well-documented experimentally that the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of structural alloys like austenitic stainless steels, nickel superalloys, and carbon steels strongly depends on temperature. A typical curve plotting any hydrogen-affected mechanical property as a function of temperature gives a temperature THE,max, where the degradation of this mechanical property reaches a maximum. Above and below this temperature, the degradation is less. Unfortunately, the underlying physico-mechanical mechanisms are not currently understood to the level of detail required to explain such temperature effects. Though this temperature effect is important to understand in the context of engineering applications, studies to explain or even predict the effect of temperature upon the mechanical properties of structural alloys could not be identified. The available experimental data are scattered significantly, and clear trends as a function of chemistry or microstructure are difficult to see. Reported values for THE,max are in the range of about 200–340 K, which covers the typical temperature range for the design of structural components of about 230–310 K (from −40 to +40 °C). That is, the value of THE,max itself, as well as the slope of the gradient, might affect the materials selection for a dedicated application. Given the current lack of scientific understanding, a statistical approach appears to be a suitable way to account for the temperature effect in engineering applications. This study reviews the effect of temperature upon hydrogen effects in structural alloys and proposes recommendations for test temperatures for gaseous hydrogen applications.

A comparative study of assessing organic matter decomposition between composting and vermicomposting process

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of organic matter degradation between composting and vermicomposting as well as the possibility of making compost and vermicompost using cattle manure. The experiment was conducted with two treatments, where one was conventional composting (T1) and another was vermicomposting (T2) from cattle manure. The sample from composted materials was collected at 0, 20, 40 and 60th day of experiment. Parameter studied were dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash content of the samples as well as pH and temperature change during the experimental period. Results found that a significant higher DM (P<0.01) was found in T1 compared to T2. The CF degradation rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 compared to T1 group. The CP content also found significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 compared to T1 group. There were no significant differences in EE and ash content as well as pH between the treatment groups. A typical temperature curve was found in T1 during active composting phase but the temperature was more or less same in T2 during the whole experimental period. From the experiment, it was found that crude fiber degradation rate is faster and CP content was higher in the T2 compared to T1 that might be indicated that vermicomposting is more beneficial than composting. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 768-776

Non-Stationary Temperature Behavior of Spindle Assemblies and Ball Screw Gears for High Precision Metal Cutting Machines

Typical temperature and thermoelastic models of structures of spindle units and ball screw systems of metal-cutting machines were considered. The features of determining the geometric and thermophysical parameters of these models were described in some detail. Both analytical and numerical solutions for estimating time-dependent temperatures are presented. The solutions were obtained for thermoelastic displacements of spindles and ball screw systems for various boundary conditions and limitations of deformations during heating due to the design of these elements of metal-cutting machines.

Electrical properties of graphite-glass thick-film resistors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the properties of thick-film resistors made of novel pastes prepared from glass and graphite. Design/methodology/approach Graphite-based resistors were made of thick-film pastes with different graphite-to-glass mass fraction were prepared and examined. Sheet resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance, impact of humidity and short-term overload were investigated. The properties of the layers fired in atmospheres of air at 550°C and nitrogen at 875°C were compared. Findings Graphite-based resistors with various graphite-to-glass ratios made possible to obtain a wide range of sheet resistance from single O/square to few kO/square. These values were dependent on firing atmosphere, paste composition and the number of screen-printed layers. The samples made of paste with 1:1 graphite-to-glass ratio exhibited the temperature coefficient of resistance of about −1,000 ppm/°C, almost independently on the firing atmosphere and presence of a top coating. The resistors fired in the air after coating with overglaze, exhibited significantly lower sheet resistance, reduced impact of humidity and improved power capabilities. Originality/value In this paper, graphite-based resistors for applications in typical high-temperature cermet thick-film circuits were presented, whereas typical graphite-based resistors were fabricated in polymer thick-film technology. Owing to very low cost of the graphite, the material is suitable for low-power passive circuits, where components are not subjected into high temperature, above the typical temperature of operation of standard electronic components.

Multi-Responsive Polysiloxane/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Networks Containing Urea and Thiourea Groups

Novel interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and polysiloxanes containing a urea or thiourea side group, in addition to the silanol residue, through two reactions, such as the radical gelation of NIPAM and the condensation of silanols to form a siloxane linkage. The obtained IPNs showed a typical temperature-responsive volume change in water based on the constructed poly-NIPAM gel component. In addition, the characteristic color and volume changes responding to chemical stimuli, such as acetate and/or fluoride ions, based on the introduced urea and thiourea groups onto the polysiloxane gel were observed in N,N-dimethylformamide.