scholarly journals Rumen and Fecal Microbial Community Structure of Holstein and Jersey Dairy Cows as Affected by Breed, Diet, and Residual Feed Intake

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Noel ◽  
Dana W. Olijhoek ◽  
Farran Mclean ◽  
Peter Løvendahl ◽  
Peter Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Methane Reduction ◽  
Jersey Cows

Identifying factors that influence the composition of the microbial population in the digestive system of dairy cattle will be key in regulating these populations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we analyzed rumen and fecal samples from five high residual feed intake (RFI) Holstein cows, five low RFI Holstein cows, five high RFI Jersey cows and five low RFI Jersey cows, fed either a high-concentrate diet (expected to reduce methane emission) or a high-forage diet. Bacterial communities from both the rumen and feces were profiled using Illumina sequencing on the 16S rRNA gene. Rumen archaeal communities were profiled using Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) targeting the mcrA gene. The rumen methanogen community was influenced by breed but not by diet or RFI. The rumen bacterial community was influenced by breed and diet but not by RFI. The fecal bacterial community was influenced by individual animal variation and, to a lesser extent, by breed and diet but not by RFI. Only the bacterial community correlated with methane production. Community differences seen in the rumen were reduced or absent in feces, except in the case of animal-to-animal variation, where differences were more pronounced. The two cattle breeds had different levels of response to the dietary intervention; therefore, it may be appropriate to individually tailor methane reduction strategies to each cattle breed.

scholarly journals Influence of industry standard feeding frequencies on behavioral patterns and rumen and fecal bacterial communities in Holstein and Jersey cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248147
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. De La Guardia-Hidrogo ◽  
Henry A. Paz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations ◽  
Jersey Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency on behavioral patterns and on diurnal fermentation and bacteriome profiles of the rumen and feces in Holstein and Jersey cows. Ten Holstein and 10 Jersey cows were offered a TMR (53:47 forage-to-concentrate ratio dry matter basis) for ad libitum consumption and were randomly allocated within breed to one of the following feeding frequencies: (1) TMR delivered 1×/d (at 0600 h) or (2) TMR delivered 2×/d (at 0600 and 1800 h). The experiment lasted for 28 d with the first 14 d for cow adaptation to the Calan gates and the next 14 d for data collection. On d 23 and 24, an observer manually recorded the time budget (time spent lying, eating, drinking, standing, and milking), rumination activity, and number of visits to the feeding gate from each animal. On d 28, 5 concomitant collections of rumen and fecal samples were performed at intervals of 6 h via esophageal tubing and fecal grab, respectively. The bacteriome composition from these samples was determined through sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Feeding frequency did not affect behavioral patterns; however, Holstein cows spend more time lying (15.4 vs. 13.5 ± 0.8 h) and ruminating (401 vs. 331 ± 17.5 min) than Jersey cows. Fermentation profiles were similar by feeding frequency in both breeds. While no major diurnal fluctuations were observed in the fecal bacterial community from both breeds, diurnal fluctuations were identified in the rumen bacterial community from Holstein cows which appeared to follow pH responses. Overall, the bacterial community composition was not differentiated by industry standard feeding frequencies but was differentiated by breed and sample type.

scholarly journals Relationship between residual feed intake and digestibility for lactating Holstein cows fed high and low starch diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Potts ◽  
J.P. Boerman ◽  
A.L. Lock ◽  
M.S. Allen ◽  
M.J. VandeHaar
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Holstein Cows

Analysis of copy number variations in Holstein cows identify potential mechanisms contributing to differences in residual feed intake

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Hou ◽  
Derek M. Bickhart ◽  
Hoyoung Chung ◽  
Jana L. Hutchison ◽  
H. Duane Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Holstein Cows

scholarly journals Linkage between the intestinal microbiota and residual feed intake in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Sydney N. Stewart ◽  
Kelsy Robinson ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Wentao Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in nutrient digestion and utilization with a profound impact on feed efficiency of livestock animals. However, the intestinal microbes that are critically involved in feed efficiency remain elusive. Methods To identify intestinal bacteria associated with residual feed intake (RFI) in chickens, male Cobb broiler chicks were individually housed from day 14 to day 35. Individual RFI values were calculated for 56 chickens. Luminal contents were collected from the ileum, cecum, and cloaca of each animal on day 35. Bacterial DNA was isolated and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Intestinal microbiota was classified to the feature level using Deblur and QIIME 2. High and low RFI groups were formed by selecting 15 and 17 chickens with the most extreme RFI values for subsequent LEfSe comparison of the difference in the microbiota. Spearman correlation analysis was further performed to identify correlations between the intestinal microbiota composition and RFI. Results No significant difference in evenness, richness, and overall diversity of the microbiota in the ileum, cecum, or cloaca was observed between high and low RFI chickens. However, LEfSe analysis revealed a number of bacterial features being differentially enriched in either high or low RFI chickens. Spearman correlation analysis further identified many differentially enriched bacterial features to be significantly correlated with RFI (P < 0.05). Importantly, not all short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers showed a positive association with RFI. While two novel members of Oscillibacter and Butyricicoccus were more abundant in low-RFI, high-efficiency chickens, several other SCFA producers such as Subdoligranulum variabile and two related Peptostreptococcaceae members were negatively associated with feed efficiency. Moreover, a few closely-related Lachnospiraceae family members showed a positive correlation with feed efficiency, while others of the same family displayed an opposite relationship. Conclusions Our results highlight the complexity of the intestinal microbiota and a need to differentiate the bacteria to the species, subspecies, and even strain levels in order to reveal their true association with feed efficiency. Identification of RFI-associated bacteria provides important leads to manipulate the intestinal microbiota for improving production efficiency, profitability, and sustainability of poultry production.

P1001 SNP calling in transcriptome of Holstein cows and their contribution in genetic variance of residual feed intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
M. H. Banabazi ◽  
A. Nejati Javaremi ◽  
I. G. Imumorin ◽  
M. Ghaderi-Zefrehei ◽  
S. R. Miraei Ashtani
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Snp Calling

scholarly journals Rumen Methanogenic Genotypes Differ in Abundance According to Host Residual Feed Intake Phenotype and Diet Type

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
CIara A. Carberry ◽  
Sinead M. Waters ◽  
David A. Kenny ◽  
Christopher J. Creevey
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Methanobrevibacter Smithii ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Fermentative Activity ◽  
High Forage

ABSTRACTMethane is an undesirable end product of rumen fermentative activity because of associated environmental impacts and reduced host feed efficiency. Our study characterized the rumen microbial methanogenic community in beef cattle divergently selected for phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI) while offered a high-forage (HF) diet followed by a low-forage (LF) diet. Rumen fluid was collected from 14 high-RFI (HRFI) and 14 low-RFI (LRFI) animals at the end of both dietary periods. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were used, and methanogen-specific tag-encoded pyrosequencing was carried out on the samples. We found thatMethanobrevibacterspp. are the dominant methanogens in the rumen, withMethanobrevibacter smithiibeing the most abundant species. Differences in the abundance ofMethanobrevibacter smithiiandMethanosphaera stadtmanaegenotypes were detected in the rumen of animals offered the LF compared to the HF diet while the abundance ofMethanobrevibacter smithiigenotypes was different between HRFI and LRFI animals irrespective of diet. Our results demonstrate that while a core group of methanogen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exist across diet and phenotype, significant differences were observed in the distribution of genotypes within those OTUs. These changes in genotype abundance may contribute to the observed differences in methane emissions between efficient and inefficient animals.

scholarly journals The capacity of wastewater treatment plants drives bacterial community structure and its assembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Kyung Kim ◽  
Keunje Yoo ◽  
Min Sung Kim ◽  
Il Han ◽  
Minjoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract Bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) affect plant functionality through their role in the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Bacterial communities vary extensively based on plant operating conditions and influent characteristics. The capacity of WWTPs can also affect the bacterial community via variations in the organic or nutrient composition of the influent. Despite the importance considering capacity, the characteristics that control bacterial community assembly are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that bacterial communities in WWTPs in Korea and Vietnam, which differ remarkably in capacity, exhibit unique structures and interactions that are governed mainly by the capacity of WWTPs. Bacterial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and exhibited clear differences between the two regions, with these differences being most pronounced in activated sludge. We found that capacity contributed the most to bacterial interactions and community structure, whereas other factors had less impact. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that microorganisms from high-capacity WWTPs are more interrelated than those from low-capacity WWTPs, which corresponds to the tighter clustering of bacterial communities in Korea. These results will contribute to the understanding of bacterial community assembly in activated sludge processing.

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