scholarly journals The Impacts of Animal Health Service Providers on Antimicrobial Use Attitudes and Practices: An Examination of Poultry Layer Farmers in Ghana and Kenya

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Afakye ◽  
Stella Kiambi ◽  
Eric Koka ◽  
Emmanuel Kabali ◽  
Alejandro Dorado-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
The Impact

International organizations and governments have argued that animal health service providers can play a vital role in limiting antimicrobial resistance by promoting the prudent use of antimicrobials. However, there is little research on the impact of these service providers on prudent use at the farm level, especially in low- and middle-income countries where enforcement of prudent-use regulations is limited. Here, we use a mixed-methods approach to assess how animal health-seeking practices on layer farms in Ghana (n = 110) and Kenya (n = 76) impact self-reported antimicrobial usage, engagement in prudent administration and withdrawal practices and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance. In general, our results show that the frequency of health-seeking across a range of service providers (veterinarians, agrovets, and feed distributors) does not significantly correlate with prudent or non-prudent use practices or the levels of antimicrobials used. Instead, we find that patterns of antimicrobial use are linked to how much farmers invest in biosecurity (e.g., footbaths) and the following vaccination protocols. Our results emphasize that more research is required to understand the interactions between animal health service providers and farmers regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. Addressing these gaps will be crucial to inform antimicrobial stewardship training, curriculums and, guidelines whose ultimate purpose is to limit the selection and transmission of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Informing Stewardship Measures in Canadian Food Animal Species through Integrated Reporting of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Data—Part II, Application

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
Agnes Agunos ◽  
Sheryl P. Gow ◽  
Anne E. Deckert ◽  
David F. Léger
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
The Impact

Using the methodology developed for integrated analysis and reporting of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data, farm-level surveillance data were synthesized and integrated to assess trends and explore potential AMU and AMR associations. Data from broiler chicken flocks (n = 656), grower–finisher pig herds (n = 462) and turkey flocks (n = 339) surveyed by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) at the farm-level (2015–2019) were used. The analyses showed a reduction in mean flock/herd level number of defined daily doses using Canadian standards (nDDDvetCA) adjusted for kg animal biomass that coincided with the decline in % resistance in the three species. This was noted in most AMU-AMR pairs studied except for ciprofloxacin resistant Campylobacter where resistance continued to be detected (moderate to high levels) despite limited fluoroquinolone use. Noteworthy was the significantly negative association between the nDDDvetCA/kg animal biomass and susceptible Escherichia coli (multispecies data), an early indication that AMU stewardship actions are having an impact. However, an increase in the reporting of diseases in recent years was observed. This study highlighted the value of collecting high-resolution AMU surveillance data with animal health context at the farm-level to understand AMR trends, enable data integration and measure the impact of AMU stewardship actions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stakeholders on Health Services Development: An Empirical Investigation on the Surgical Department at King Fahd General Hospital, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ala’Eddin Mohammad Khalaf Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Service Development

The current research investigates the stakeholders influencing health services development at King Fahd General Hospital KFGH in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. This study proposes and tests a six factors model that influences health services development. These factors include government regulations, competitors, suppliers, patients, public, and health service providers as independent variables; the dependent variable is health services development. In order to explore this issue, a quantitative method was used to collect primary data through a questionnaire, which was administered in KFGH in Jeddah city in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researches targeted 141 surgeons in this research as a sample because of the small population. A purposive sample was used to choose the participants in this research. The research retrieves 130 valid questionnaires; representing 92%.The results confirm significant differences in the influence of these factors on health service development. The research concludes that there is a significant influence of governmental regulations, competitors, suppliers, patients, public, and health service providers on health services development. The research recommends enhancing the awareness of stakeholder factors by studying the effects of governmental regulations, competitors, suppliers, patients, public, and health service providers. The last is adopting and updating medical and non-medical technology to maintain health service development.

scholarly journals 738Health Status and Quality of Life of Indigenous Elderly Population of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Naz Rahman ◽  
AKM Fazlur Rahman ◽  
Hafiz T.A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Health Service Providers

Abstract Background Indigenous people, although constitute 1.8% of the country’s population, are one of the most deprived communities of Bangladesh in all sectors. This study was conducted to explore the health status and quality of life of indigenous elderly of Bangladesh as there is scarcity of knowledge regarding this. Methods A mixed-method approach was deployed on October,2019 in Sylhet-division of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 indigenous elderlies from 8 tea-gardens and ten in-depth-interviews were conducted with health-service providers of tea-garden health-facilities. Results Of the indigenous elderly-respondents, majority (79.5%) were suffering from any kind of chronic diseases. Visual difficulty was found predominant (74%) among the chronic conditions, followed by locomotion difficulty (49%) and gastrointestinal problem (41%). Extreme age, being male, living alone and low family income were significantly associated with suffering from chronic conditions. Furthermore, having chronic condition and extreme-age was found to be significantly associated with low quality of life. Health-service providers identified lack of logistical support in health-facilities, economic crisis and lack of awareness as the causes of poor health-status and health-seeking behavior of the indigenous elderly. Conclusions Indigenous older men in extreme old age are more vulnerable to adverse health conditions and poor quality of life. Health literacy and health seeking behaviour is poor among indigenous older adults generally and there is a huge gap in the health services and social supports available to them. Key messages Indigenous, Older population, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Towards a bottom-up understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance on the farm: A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey across livestock systems in five African countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Caudell ◽  
Alejandro Dorado-Garcia ◽  
Suzanne Eckford ◽  
Denis Byarugaba ◽  
Kofi Afakye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractThe nutritional and economic potentials of livestock systems are compromised by the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. A major driver of resistance is the misuse and abuse of antimicrobial drugs. The likelihood of misuse may be elevated in low- and middle-income countries where limited professional veterinary services and laissez faire access to drugs are assumed to promote non-prudent practices (e.g., self-administration of drugs). The extent of these practices, as well as the knowledge and attitudes motivating them, are largely unknown within most agricultural communities in low- and middle-income countries. The main objective of this study was to document dimensions of knowledge, attitudes and practices related to antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in livestock systems and identify the livelihood factors associated with these dimensions. A mixed-methods ethnographic approach was used to survey households keeping layers in Ghana (N=110) and Kenya (N=76), pastoralists keeping cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania (N=195), and broiler farmers in Zambia (N=198), and Zimbabwe (N=298). Across countries, we find that it is individuals who live or work at the farm who draw upon their knowledge and experiences to make decisions regarding antimicrobial use and related practices. Input from animal health professionals is rare and antimicrobials are sourced at local, privately owned agrovet drug shops. We also find that knowledge, attitudes, and particularly practices significantly varied across countries, with poultry farmers holding more knowledge, desirable attitudes, and prudent practices compared to pastoralists households. Multivariate models showed that variation is related to several factors, including education, disease dynamics on the farm, and sources of animal health information. Study results emphasize that interventions to limit antimicrobial resistance must be founded upon a bottom-up understanding of antimicrobial use at the farm-level given limited input from animal health professionals and under-resourced regulatory capacities within most low- and middle-income countries. Establishing this bottom-up understanding across cultures and production systems will inform the development and implementation of the behavioral change interventions to combat AMR globally.

Health service providers in psychology: Results of the 1978 APA Human Resources Survey.

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. VandenBos ◽  
Joy Stapp ◽  
Richard R. Kilburg
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Service Providers

2015 APA Survey of Psychology Health Service Providers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auntre Hamp ◽  
Karen Stamm ◽  
Luona Lin ◽  
Peggy Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Service Providers

Risk and Protective Factors in the Life of Youth in Relation to Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Silvia Barnová ◽  
Viola Tamášová
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Health Service Providers

Abstract Introduction: A certain degree of stress is present in everyone’s life and young people are not an exception. Most of them show a certain degree of resilience and can cope with stressful situations without any difficulties, however there is a group of youth who live in toxic environments and need help. If there is a risk of failure due to the intensity of stressors; external formal and informal support have a great role to play as they have the potential to prevent negative developmental outcomes. Purpose: The authors’ intention was to make a review of available literature on the current issues of resilience research with a focus on the importance of protective factors in young people’s lives – especially when they are exposed to adversity. An emphasis is placed on the vital role of social support to individuals provided by schools as well as social services. Methods: In the presented literature review, multiple formal search methods including hand searching of key journals; electronic searching of journal databases and subject specific websites; reference scanning; and citation tracking were used. Conclusion: Individuals commonly demonstrate some level of resilience, yet most of them are able to deal with stressful situations without any harm. On the other hand, if the adversity is too high, the presence of social support provided by their social environment is important. In this context, good relationships in general and sufficient external protective factors provided by their social environment (schools, school psychologists, institutional social and health service providers) are important.

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