scholarly journals Melatonin Enhances the Mitochondrial Functionality of Brown Adipose Tissue in Obese—Diabetic Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Ahmad Agil ◽  
Miguel Navarro-Alarcon ◽  
Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali ◽  
Ashraf Albrakati ◽  
Diego Salagre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Zdf Rats

Developing novel drugs/targets remains a major effort toward controlling obesity-related type 2 diabetes (diabesity). Melatonin controls obesity and improves glucose homeostasis in rodents, mainly via the thermogenic effects of increasing the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increases in mitochondrial mass, amount of UCP1 protein, and thermogenic capacity. Importantly, mitochondria are widely known as a therapeutic target of melatonin; however, direct evidence of melatonin on the function of mitochondria from BAT and the mechanistic pathways underlying these effects remains lacking. This study investigated the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial functions in BAT of Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which are considered a model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At five weeks of age, Zücker lean (ZL) and ZDF rats were subdivided into two groups, consisting of control and treated with oral melatonin for six weeks. Mitochondria were isolated from BAT of animals from both groups, using subcellular fractionation techniques, followed by measurement of several mitochondrial parameters, including respiratory control ratio (RCR), phosphorylation coefficient (ADP/O ratio), ATP production, level of mitochondrial nitrites, superoxide dismutase activity, and alteration in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Interestingly, melatonin increased RCR in mitochondria from brown fat of both ZL and ZDF rats through the reduction of the proton leak component of respiration (state 4). In addition, melatonin improved the ADP/O ratio in obese rats and augmented ATP production in lean rats. Further, melatonin reduced mitochondrial nitrosative and oxidative status by decreasing nitrite levels and increasing superoxide dismutase activity in both groups, as well as inhibited mPTP in mitochondria isolated from brown fat. Taken together, the present data revealed that chronic oral administration of melatonin improved mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes, while decreasing oxidative and nitrosative stress and susceptibility of adipocytes to apoptosis in ZDF rats, suggesting a beneficial use in the treatment of diabesity. Further research regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of melatonin on diabesity is warranted.

Brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, angiogenesis: pathophysiological aspects

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Honek ◽  
Sharon Lim ◽  
Carina Fischer ◽  
Hideki Iwamoto ◽  
Takahiro Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

AbstractThe number of obese and overweight individuals is globally rising, and obesity-associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are among the most common causes of death. While white adipose tissue is the key player in the storage of energy, active brown adipose tissue expends energy due to its thermogenic capacity. Expanding and activating brown adipose tissue using pharmacological approaches therefore might offer an attractive possibility for therapeutic intervention to counteract obesity and its consequences for metabolic health.

scholarly journals Cold and Exercise: Therapeutic Tools to Activate Brown Adipose Tissue and Combat Obesity

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva ◽  
Diego Hernández-Saavedra ◽  
Joseph White ◽  
Kristin Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose

The rise in obesity over the last several decades has reached pandemic proportions. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that is involved in energy expenditure and represents an attractive target to combat both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cold exposure and exercise training are two stimuli that have been investigated with respect to BAT activation, metabolism, and the contribution of BAT to metabolic health. These two stimuli are of great interest because they have both disparate and converging effects on BAT activation and metabolism. Cold exposure is an effective mechanism to stimulate BAT activity and increase glucose and lipid uptake through mitochondrial uncoupling, resulting in metabolic benefits including elevated energy expenditure and increased insulin sensitivity. Exercise is a therapeutic tool that has marked benefits on systemic metabolism and affects several tissues, including BAT. Compared to cold exposure, studies focused on BAT metabolism and exercise display conflicting results; the majority of studies in rodents and humans demonstrate a reduction in BAT activity and reduced glucose and lipid uptake and storage. In addition to investigations of energy uptake and utilization, recent studies have focused on the effects of cold exposure and exercise on the structural lipids in BAT and secreted factors released from BAT, termed batokines. Cold exposure and exercise induce opposite responses in terms of structural lipids, but an important overlap exists between the effects of cold and exercise on batokines. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences of cold exposure and exercise in relation to their effects on BAT activity and metabolism and its relevance for the prevention of obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide decreases energy expenditure and does not affect the fat fraction of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub J. van Eyk ◽  
Elisabeth H.M. Paiman ◽  
Maurice B. Bizino ◽  
Suzanne L. IJzermans ◽  
Fleur Kleiburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Fat Fraction

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue: development, metabolism and beyond

2013 ◽  
Vol 453 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Schulz ◽  
Yu-Hua Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Large Lipid Droplet ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity represents a major risk factor for the development of several of our most common medical conditions, including Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardiovascular disease and even some cancers. Although increased fat mass is the main feature of obesity, not all fat depots are created equal. Adipocytes found in white adipose tissue contain a single large lipid droplet and play well-known roles in energy storage. By contrast, brown adipose tissue is specialized for thermogenic energy expenditure. Owing to its significant capacity to dissipate energy and regulate triacylglycerol (triglyceride) and glucose metabolism, and its demonstrated presence in adult humans, brown fat could be a potential target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Undoubtedly, fundamental knowledge about the formation of brown fat and regulation of its activity is imperatively needed to make such therapeutics possible. In the present review, we integrate the recent advancements on the regulation of brown fat formation and activity by developmental and hormonal signals in relation to its metabolic function.

scholarly journals Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2388-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis P. Blondin ◽  
Sébastien M. Labbé ◽  
Christophe Noll ◽  
Margaret Kunach ◽  
Serge Phoenix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Selective Impairment

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Density Assessed by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Inversely Correlates with the Body Mass Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2080-P
Author(s):  
HIRONORI WAKI ◽  
NAOKO WATANABE ◽  
SAYURI FUSE ◽  
YUKO KUROSAWA ◽  
TOSHIMASA YAMAUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Brown Adipose
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