Effect of pioglitazone treatment on brown adipose tissue volume and activity and hypothalamic gliosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept study

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. de-Lima-Júnior ◽  
Sylka Rodovalho ◽  
Simone Van de Sande-Lee ◽  
Milena Monfort-Pires ◽  
Briana Rachid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Pioglitazone Treatment

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Brown Adipose Tissue Content in Supraclavicular Fat Depots and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Koksharova ◽  
Dmitry Ustyuzhanin ◽  
Yury Philippov ◽  
Alexander Mayorov ◽  
Marina Shestakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Whitening and Impaired Glucose Utilization of Brown Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Lapa ◽  
Paula Arias-Loza ◽  
Nobuyuki Hayakawa ◽  
Hiroshi Wakabayashi ◽  
Rudolf A. Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brown Adipose

Brown Adipose Tissue, Thermogenesis, and Obesity: A Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa Raafat AbdRaboh ◽  
Aeman M. Asif ◽  
Sumbal Riaz ◽  
Hafez A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Brown Adipose

The white adipose tissue (WAT) mass in adult humans ranges between 10-35 kg. The cells are normally sensitive to insulin in the fed state, and to glucagon and adrenaline in fasting or during exercise. Well-fed sedentary individuals are prone to weight gain as they fall victims to the anabolic mechanisms led mainly by insulin. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), by contrast, stores smaller amounts of triglycerides in multi-locular droplets, is highly vascularized and its cells are rich in unique mitochondria which are capable of uncoupling oxidation from phosphorylation or ATP formation. The tissue is innerved by the sympathetic nervous system and is highly sensitive to iodothyronines. It releases heat in the body in response to sympathetic activity. BAT unique mitochondria express numerous cristae and, unlike ordinary mitochondria on other body cells including WAT cells, they express uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1, or thermogenin). UCP-1 allows the mitochondria to oxidize more fat and glucose as they escape the controlling mechanisms that depend on the coupling of oxidation to the demand for ATP, i.e., uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. Thermogenin (UCP-1) is a natural un-coupler of oxidative phosphorylation as it dissipates the proton gradient generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is required to attain a certain level for the activation of ATP synthesis in mitochondrial matrix. In BAT, ATP synthesis is inhibited, as the protons are dissipated, and most energy is released as heat. The different proportions and activity of BAT and WAT in different individuals might explain why some people are more prone to weight gain, and find it difficult to lose weight, than others; and also explains the tendency for weight gain as individuals get older. New approaches in the battle against obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are expected through better understanding of how this balance between WAT and BAT is controlled. Interestingly, long term adrenergic stimulation of WAT induces browning of some white adipocytes, and the tissue gradually turns into & quot; beige & quot; adipose tissue, which shares characteristics of brown adipose tissue like thermogenesis, larger number of mitochondria and smaller lipid droplets, all developing in a gradual way. The adipose tissue interconverts its cell types in order to adapt for the changing metabolic balance and other stimuli. This phenomenon is currently incompletely understood, albeit significant for our understanding of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus and many consequent complications of insulin resistance. Moreover, the nervous system is involved in the regulation of WAT and BAT through effects on fat cell proliferation, differentiation, trans-differentiation and apoptosis. The brain interacts with different adipocytes and adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anorexia, cachexia and other syndromes. This review will target many of these aspects in an attempt to draw more attention in the direction of this major health issue.

Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Coronary Vasomotor Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weena J.Y. Chen ◽  
Ibrahim Danad ◽  
Pieter G. Raijmakers ◽  
Rick Halbmeijer ◽  
Hendrik J. Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Coronary Vasomotor Function

1463-P: Relationship between Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1463-P
Author(s):  
SRILAXMI KALAVALAPALLI ◽  
ROMINA LOMONACO ◽  
EDDISON GODINEZ ◽  
NADA FANOUS ◽  
LAZARO J. TEJERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Evaluation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Echocardiography and its Correlation with Intimal Medial Thickness of Carotid Artery

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (09) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihang Wang ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Benli Su
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intimal Medial Thickness ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography in measuring the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with the intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) to investigate the relationship between EAT and cIMT. 68 patients of T2DM were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (35 cases) and group of T2DM with duration>10 years (33 cases). And 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. The thickness of EAT and cIMT were measured by echocardiography and high-frequency ultrasonography. The thickness of EAT and IMT of the carotid artery of 2 type 2 diabetic groups (duration≤10 years and>10 years) were significantly higher than that of the control group (all p<0.05), and the thickness of EAT and cIMT of the group of T2DM with duration>10 years were significantly higher than that of the group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, the thickness of EAT was positively and significantly associated with age (r=0.412, p<0.05), BMI (r=0.566, p<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.475, p<0.05), LDL (r=0.425, p<0.05), TG (r=0.496, p<0.05), duration of diabetes (r=0.384, p<0.05) and cIMT (r=0.456, p<0.05). In multiple stepwise regression analyses, age, BMI and IMT of carotid artery were appeared to be significantly associated with EAT (p<0.05 for all). In conclusion, routine screening of EAT and cIMT by ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic patients helps us to predict cardiovascular risks and prevent further development of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity is associated with increased soluble CD163 concentration in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Peter Sørensen ◽  
Tina Parkner ◽  
Esben Søndergaard ◽  
Bo Martin Bibby ◽  
Holger Jon Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Soluble Cd163

Monocyte/macrophage-specific soluble CD163 (sCD163) concentration is associated with insulin resistance and increases with deteriorating glycemic control independently of BMI. This led to the proposal of the hypothesis that obesity-associated white adipose tissue inflammation varies between individuals. The objective was to examine the effect of male overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on associations between adiposity parameters and sCD163. A total of 23 overweight/obese non-diabetic men, 16 overweight/obese men with T2DM, and a control group of 20 normal-weight healthy men were included. Body composition and regional body fat distribution were determined by whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry scan and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Serum sCD163 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Associations between adiposity parameters and sCD163 were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. In the normal-weight healthy men, there was no significant association between adiposity parameters and sCD163, whereas in the overweight/obese non-diabetic men, measures of general and regional adiposity were positively associated with sCD163. In the overweight/obese men with T2DM, only visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the ratio of VAT to abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), a measure of relative body fat distribution between VAT and SAT depots, were positively associated with sCD163. In a multivariate analysis, including VAT, upper-body SAT, and lower-body fat, adjusted for BMI and age, VAT remained a significant predictor of sCD163 in the overweight/obese T2DM men, but not in the overweight/obese non-diabetic men. Our results indicate that VAT inflammation is exaggerated in men with T2DM, and that propensity to store excess body fat viscerally is particularly detrimental in men with T2DM.

scholarly journals Clinical Investigations: Correlations Between Human Somatotype Components And Some Anthropometric Parameters In Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Atanas G. Baltadjiev ◽  
Stefka V. Vladeva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Male Patients

ABSTRACT The AIM of the present study was to find and compare the correlations between somatotype and some anthropological parameters in Bulgarian male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anthropometric measurements were taken from 165 male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients were ethnic Bulgarians. They were divided into two age groups: a 40-60-year group (58 patients, mean age 52.05 ± 0.73 yrs), and a 61-80-year group (111 patients, mean age 68.02 ± 0.53 yrs). The controls were allocated into similar agematched groups. Direct anthropometric measurements were body height and weight, biepicondylar breadth of the humerus and biepicondylar breadth of the femur. Circumferential measurements were taken from the relaxed and contracted upper arm, the forearm, the waist, the hip, the thigh and the medial calf. Skin folds were measured below the inferior angle of the scapula, above the X rib, above the crista iliaca, at the abdomen, triceps brachii, forearm, thigh and the medial calf. The components of human somatotype according to the criteria of Heath-Carter, body mass index (ВМІ) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. RESULTS: We found very strong positive correlations (РС > 0.70) between ВМI and the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype in 40-60-year-old male diabetic patients. The correlation between the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype and the anthropometric measurements characterizing the central accumulation of adipose tissue (waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR) was very strong positive (РС = 0.5-0.7). Male diabetic patients aged 61-80 years: we found a very strong positive correlation between endomorphic and mesomorphic components and ВМІ, a strong correlation between these components and the waist circumference, and a good correlation between the components and the circumferences of the waist and hip and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: In male patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-60 years, the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype are strongly positively correlated with the parameters which characterize the total adipose tissue accumulation in the human body (ВМІ). There is a good positive correlation between the two components of somatotype and the parameters showing visceral adipose tissue accumulation (circumferences of waist, hip, thigh and WHR). In male patients with type 2 diabetes aged 61-80 years we found a strong positive correlation of the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype with BMI and a good positive correlation with the circumferences of the waist, hip, thigh and WHR.

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