scholarly journals Glaucoma and Antioxidants: Review and Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Garcia-Medina ◽  
Elena Rubio-Velazquez ◽  
Maria Dolores Lopez-Bernal ◽  
Alejandro Cobo-Martinez ◽  
Vicente Zanon-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Deleterious Consequence

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Oxidative stress has been related to the cell death in this disease. Theoretically, this deleterious consequence can be reduced by antioxidants substances. The aim of this review is to assemble the studies published in relation to antioxidant supplementation and its effects on glaucoma and to offer the reader an update on this field. With this purpose, we have included studies in animal models of glaucoma and clinical trials. Although there are variable results, supplementation with antioxidants in glaucoma may be a promising therapy in glaucoma.

scholarly journals Midget retinal ganglion cell dendritic and mitochondrial degeneration is an early feature of human glaucoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Tribble ◽  
Asta Vasalauskaite ◽  
Tony Redmond ◽  
Robert D Young ◽  
Shoaib Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Face Scanning ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells. However, the earliest degenerative events that occur in human glaucoma are relatively unknown. Work in animal models has demonstrated that retinal ganglion cell dendrites remodel and atrophy prior to the loss of the cell soma. Whether this occurs in human glaucoma has yet to be elucidated. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is well established as a method to determine neuronal connectivity at high resolution but so far has only been performed in normal retina from animal models. To assess the structure–function relationship of early human glaucomatous neurodegeneration, regions of inner retina assessed to have none-to-moderate loss of retinal ganglion cell number were processed using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (n = 4 normal retinas, n = 4 glaucoma retinas). This allowed detailed 3D reconstruction of retinal ganglion cells and their intracellular components at a nanometre scale. In our datasets, retinal ganglion cell dendrites degenerate early in human glaucoma, with remodelling and redistribution of the mitochondria. We assessed the relationship between visual sensitivity and retinal ganglion cell density and discovered that this only partially conformed to predicted models of structure–function relationships, which may be affected by these early neurodegenerative changes. In this study, human glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells demonstrate compartmentalized degenerative changes as observed in animal models. Importantly, in these models, many of these changes have been demonstrated to be reversible, increasing the likelihood of translation to viable therapies for human glaucoma.

The Extract of Chlorella vulgaris Protects Transformed Retinal Ganglion Cells from Oxidative Stress-induced Cells Death

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-A Kim ◽  
Kwang Hyun Cha ◽  
Soon-Jung Choi ◽  
Cheol-Ho Pan ◽  
Sang Hoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Cells Death

scholarly journals Expression of the cystine-glutamate exchanger (xc −) in retinal ganglion cells and regulation by nitric oxide and oxidative stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dun ◽  
B. Mysona ◽  
T. Van Ells ◽  
L. Amarnath ◽  
M. Shamsul Ola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The Biomechanical Response of Normal and Glaucoma Human Sclera

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Coudrillier ◽  
Kristin M. Myers ◽  
Thao D. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Biomechanical Response ◽  
Elevated Intraocular Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

By 2010, 60 million people will have glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide [1]. The disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC), a type of neuron that transmits visual information to the brain. It is well know that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor in the damage to the RGCs [3–5], but the relationship between the mechanical properties of the ocular connective tissue and how it affects cellular function is not well characterized. The cornea and the sclera are collage-rich structures that comprise the outer load-bearing shell of the eye. Their preferentially aligned collagen lamellae provide mechanical strength to resist ocular expansion. Previous uniaxial tension studies suggest that altered viscoelastic material properties of the eye wall play a role in glaucomatous damage [6].

Low dosage chloroquine protects retinal ganglion cells against glutamate-induced cell death

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Ma ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Zufeng Chen ◽  
Manshan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Low Dosage
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