scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Cement-Based Materials: A Spanish Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽  
Carmen Andrade ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Cement Based Materials

The European parliament has declared a global “climate and environmental emergency” on 28 November 2019. Given that, climate change is a clear strategic issue all around the world. Then, greenhouse gas emissions are reported by each country to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) every year. In addition, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” give the procedure to calculate and manage the national greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. However, these guidelines do not provide any method to consider the net carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere (released in clinker fabrication minus those due to concrete carbonation) by the Portland cement clinker industry. This topic should be implemented in the climatic models of the next IPCC assessment report. This paper provides an easy procedure of estimating net CO2 emissions proposed in the “recarbonation project” (simplified method); that is to say, carbon dioxide uptake during the service-life stage is considered as the 20% of the CO2 released by the calcination (process emissions), whereas the end-of-life and secondary usage is only the 3% of the CO2 released by calcination. The outcome of this study reveals that 31,290.753 tons of carbon dioxide will be absorbed by the cement-based materials produced in Spain with the cements manufactured from 2005 to 2015.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Uptake in the Roadmap 2050 of the Spanish Cement Industry

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Sanjuán ◽  
Cristina Argiz ◽  
Pedro Mora ◽  
Aniceto Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Zero Carbon

The European Green Deal and its endeavors will make rapid and far-reaching decisions with major implications for the European cement industry in the short- and longer-term. Accordingly, new measures should be dealt with quickly and effectively to minimize the adverse impact on global warming and global climate change by this sector. The aim of this study is to show and assess the measures to be undertaken to reach carbon neutrality by the Spanish cement industry by 2050. They may be categorized into three broad types based on the main materials: clinker, cement, and concrete. The cement sector must implement breakthrough initiatives, inventions, and technologies regarding the clinker and cement production processes. Furthermore, carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials must be considered to achieve the carbon neutrality objective. Accordingly, two methodologies named simplified and advanced, consistent with Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories elaborated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), were selected to model the carbon offsetting by mortars and concretes. Finally, the existing climate change mitigation technologies available in Spain are insufficient to reach the net zero carbon footprint. Therefore, breakthrough technologies such as novel and efficient carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies should be implemented by the Spanish cement industry to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions in 2050.

The case for long-term studies of greenhouse gas emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM NEWCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Long Term Studies

Many nations have recognized the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The scientific assessments of climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) support the need to reduce GHG emissions. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention on Climate Change (UNTS 30822) has now been signed by more than 65 countries, although that Protocol has not yet entered into force. Some 14 of the industrialized countries listed in the Protocol face reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of more than 10% compared to projected 1997 carbon dioxide emissions (Najam & Page 1998).

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) BERDASARKAN SERAPAN GAS CO2 DI KOTA PONTIANAK

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubena Hajar Velayati Agus Ruliyansyah, Yulisa Fitrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Landsat Tm ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

ABSTRAKPeningkatan jumlah penduduk Kota Pontianak berdampak pada pengalihfungsian lahanbervegetasi menjadi area terbangun sehingga mengurangi luas Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) kota.Dampak yang paling nyata adalah berkurangnya kemampuan vegetasi menyerap CO2 sehingga CO2 yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas kota, baik dari konsumsi energi, perternakan, pertanian danaktivitas manusia terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghitung luaspenutupan lahan bervegetasi eksisting; (2) menghitung jumlah emisi karbondioksida yangdihasilkan oleh aktivitas kota saat ini; (3) menghitung luas RTH yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerapsisa emisi karbondioksida yang tidak terserap oleh tutupan lahan yang ada di Kota Pontianak.Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah interpretasi citra Landsat TM 7 tahun 2012dan Ikonos tahun 2008. Sedangkan untuk perhitungan emisi CO2 mengacu pada metode yangdikeluarkan oleh Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tahun 1996 mengenaiGuidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Workbook. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa luas tutupan lahan bervegetasi eksisting Kota Pontianak tahun 2012 adalah 3.351,21 haatau 29% dari luas total wilayah Kota Pontianak. Emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan Kota Pontianak darienergi (bahan bakar) sebesar 1.713.909 ton/tahun, ternak dengan jumlah emisi 284 ton/tahun,pertanian dengan jumlah emisi 10.692 ton/tahun, dan penduduk dengan jumlah emisi 192.824ton/tahun. Total emisi CO2 dari keempat sumber tersebut adalah 1.917.709 ton/tahun. Tingginyatingkat emisi CO2 yang terdapat di Kota Pontianak menyebabkan wilayah ini membutuhkanluasan RTH sebesar 5.962,2 ha atau sebesar 52% dari luas wilayah kota untuk menyerap seluruhemisi CO2 yang dihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Karbondioksida, Pontianak, ruang terbuka hijau

DEVELOPING STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABLE ISOTOPE REFERENCE GAS MIXTURES OF CO2 AT 400 µmol/mol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Boztepe ◽  
Tanıl Tarhan ◽  
Zeynep Gülsoy Şerif ◽  
Adnan Şimşek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Isotopic Compositions

<p>Climate change is one of the most urgent issues facing humanity today. Humans have been rapidly changing the balance of gases in the atmosphere which causes global warming. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil, farming and forestry, agriculture and cement manufacture cause to release water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), ozone and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) known as the primary greenhouse gases. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most common greenhouse gas absorbing infrared energy emitted from the earth, preventing it from returning to space. It is necessary to separate man-made (anthropogenic) emissions from natural contributions in the atmosphere to obtain accurate emission data [1-4]. Since it could not be achieved with the existing metrological infrastructure, it is required to develop the measurements and references of stable isotopes of CO<sub>2</sub>. In this study, static and dynamic reference materials for pure CO<sub>2</sub> at 400 µmol/mol in air matrix were prepared and it was provided to simulate CO<sub>2</sub> gas in the atmosphere.</p><p>The static gas mixtures were prepared gravimetrically in accordance with the ISO 6142-1 standard. In order to obtain CO<sub>2</sub> gas at desired isotopic compositions, commercial CO<sub>2</sub> gases were also supplied from abroad. Their isotopic compositions were measured by using GC-IRMS. Before filling, aluminum cylinders were evacuated until the pressure of 10<sup>-7</sup> mbar using turbo-molecular vacuum pump. Isotopic compositions of reference materials were determined in a way that covering the range -42 ‰ to +1 ‰ vs VPDB for d<sup>13</sup>C-CO2 and -35 ‰ to -8 ‰ vs VPDB for d<sup>18</sup>O. In order to develop static and dynamic reference materials of CO<sub>2</sub> at 400 µmol/mol in air with the uncertainty targets of d<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> 0.1 ‰ and d<sup>18</sup>O-CO<sub>2</sub> 0.5 ‰, previously prepared pure CO<sub>2</sub> reference gases were used. Dynamic dilution system with the high accuracy was constructed to generate dynamic reference gas mixture of CO<sub>2</sub> at 400 µmol/mol. System contains 3 electronic pressure controllers, 3 thermal mass flow controllers with various capacities and 3 molbloc-L flow elements commanded with 2 Molboxes. The isotopic compositions of dynamic reference gas mixtures of CO<sub>2</sub> at 400 µmol/mol were aimed to be same with the previously prepared pure CO<sub>2</sub> reference gases. The whole dilution system were calibrated at INRIM to achieve lower uncertainties around 0.07-0.09%. At the measurement stage, CRDS and GC-IRMS equipments are operated simultaneously to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of the gas mixtures. The amount of substance fractions of the dynamic reference mixtures are calculated according to ISO 6145-7 standard. It will be checked that whether the isotopic compositions of the gravimetrically prepared pure CO<sub>2</sub> reference gases and the dynamic reference gas mixtures of CO<sub>2</sub> at 400 µmol/mol were same or not.</p><p><strong>REFERENCES</strong></p><p>[1] Calabro P. S., “Greenhouse gases emission from municipal waste management: The role of separate collection”, Waste Management, Volume 29:7, 2178-2187, 2009.</p><p>[2] Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions, 2019.</p><p>[3] Schwartz, S.E., “The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change”, 2017.</p><p>[4] Climate Change, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1, 2019.</p>

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Absorption by Blast-Furnace Slag Mortars in Function of the Curing Intensity

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sanjuán ◽  
Esteban Estévez ◽  
Cristina Argiz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Furnace Slag

Climate change is one of the most important issues affecting the future of the planet. Then, a lot of resources are being used to actively work on climate change issues and greenhouse gas reduction. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are monitored by each country and reported yearly to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the document entitled “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” to provide the calculation rules and the way to inform the UNFCCC of the national GHG emissions. Currently, this document does not give a procedure to calculate the net carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere due to the Portland cement clinker production. The purpose of this paper is to get reliable relationships to better calculate the CO2 uptake by ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) mortars. The application of this material cured under controlled conditions could help minimize environmental impact. Carbonation coefficient versus 28-day compressive strength relationship of mortars elaborated with GGBFS and cured underwater for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days were obtained. The main finding is the extreme sensitivity of the GGBFS mortars to the curing intensity and, therefore, they can be used cured under controlled conditions to minimize carbon footprints.

scholarly journals Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Antonín Lupíšek ◽  
Tomáš Trubačík ◽  
Petr Holub
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
National Debate ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Change Mitigation

One of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is the operation of building stock. Improving its energy efficiency has the potential to significantly contribute to achieving climate change mitigation targets. The purpose of this study was to roughly estimate such potential for the operation of the national building stock of Czechia to steer the national debate on the development of related national plans. The estimation is based on a simplified energy model of the Czech building stock that consists of sub-models of residential and nonresidential building stocks, for which their future energy consumptions, shares of energy carriers and sources, and emission factors were modeled in four scenarios. Uncertainties from the approximation of the emission factors were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the operation of the Czech building stock in 2016 totaled 36.9 Mt CO2, which represented 34.6% of the total national carbon dioxide emissions. The four building stock scenarios could produce reductions in the carbon dioxide emissions of between 28% and 93% by 2050, when also considering on-side production from photovoltaics. The implementation of the most ambitious scenario would represent a drop in national CO2 yearly emissions by 43.2% by 2050 (compared to 2016).

scholarly journals Sustainable healthcare – Time for ‘Green Podiatry’

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Margaret Evans
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Foot Health

Abstract Background Healthcare aims to promote good health and yet demonstrably contributes to climate change, which is purported to be ‘the biggest global health threat of the 21st century’. This is happening now, with healthcare as an industry representing 4.4% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Main body Climate change promotes health deficits from many angles; however, primarily it is the use of fossil fuels which increases atmospheric carbon dioxide (also nitrous oxide, and methane). These greenhouse gases prevent the earth from cooling, resulting in the higher temperatures and rising sea levels, which then cause ‘wild weather’ patterns, including floods, storms, and droughts. Particular vulnerability is afforded to those already health compromised (older people, pregnant women, children, wider health co-morbidities) as well as populations closer to equatorial zones, which encompasses many low-and-middle-income-countries. The paradox here, is that poorer nations by spending less on healthcare, have lower carbon emissions from health-related activity, and yet will suffer most from global warming effects, with scant resources to off-set the increasing health care needs. Global recognition has forged the Paris agreement, the United Nations sustainable developments goals, and the World Health Organisation climate change action plan. It is agreed that most healthcare impact comes from consumption of energy and resources, and the production of greenhouse gases into the environment. Many professional associations of medicine and allied health professionals are advocating for their members to lead on environmental sustainability; the Australian Podiatry Association is incorporating climate change into its strategic direction. Conclusion Podiatrists, as allied health professionals, have wide community engagement, and hence, can model positive environmental practices, which may be effective in changing wider community behaviours, as occurred last century when doctors stopped smoking. As foot health consumers, our patients are increasingly likely to expect more sustainable practices and products, including ‘green footwear’ options. Green Podiatry, as a part of sustainable healthcare, directs us to be responsible energy and product consumers, and reduce our workplace emissions.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF THE COST OF ELECTRICITY ON THE VOLUME OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Kononov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Cost

The strategy of low-carbon development of the economy and energy of Russia provides for the introduction of a fee (tax) for carbon dioxide emissions by power plants. This will seriously affect their prospective structure and lead to an increase in electricity prices. The expected neg-ative consequences for national and energy security are great. But serious and multilateral research is needed to properly assess these strategic threats

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