scholarly journals Dispersion Measurement of Electro-Optic Coefficient γ22 of Lithium Niobate Based on Photoelastic Modulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Kewu Li ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Xie Han ◽  
Zhibin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Phase Retardation ◽  
Visible Light Range ◽  
Photoelastic Modulator ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Novel Method

A novel method for determining the electro-optic (EO) coefficient γ 22 of lithium niobate and its dispersion using photoelastic modulation is presented. A spectroscopic polarimetry was constructed with the photoelastic modulator (PEM), and a monochromator was selected to automatically scan the wavelength of a light source. Phase retardation induced by an EO sample was loaded into the modulation signals to demodulate the EO coefficients. The PEM and data processing were controlled in the same field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the DC and harmonic terms were extracted simultaneously by employing digital phase-locked technology. An experimental system was built to analyze the principle of this scheme in detail. After the modulation phase retardation amplitude of the PEM was precisely calibrated, the EO coefficient γ 22 of a Y-cut lithium niobate crystal plate was measured in the spectral range from 0.42 to 0.8 µm. The experimental results demonstrated that the measurement sensitivity of the system was 1.1 × 10 − 14   m / V for a sampling time of 198.9 ms. Plotting the measured results against the light wavelength, the dispersion of the EO coefficients was obtained similar to the Cauchy dispersion formula γ 22 = 5.31   ×   10 − 12 + 4.071   ×   10 − 13 λ 2 + 7.184   ×   10 − 14 λ 4 in the visible light range. This method is suitable for studying dispersion of the EO coefficients of crystals as well as of thin films and two-dimensional materials.

Two-dimensional mapping of electro-optic phase retardation in lithium niobate crystals by digital holography

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Angelis ◽  
S. De Nicola ◽  
A. Finizio ◽  
G. Pierattini ◽  
P. Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Digital Holography ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Phase Retardation ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Dimensional Mapping ◽  
Lithium Niobate Crystals

scholarly journals Electro-Optic Control of Lithium Niobate Bulk Whispering Gallery Resonators: Analysis of the Distribution of Externally Applied Electric Fields

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Yannick Minet ◽  
Hans Zappe ◽  
Ingo Breunig ◽  
Karsten Buse
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Parametric Oscillation ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Optical Mode ◽  
Cylindrical Resonator ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Electro Optic

Whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate allow for optical parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation employing the outstanding second-order nonlinear-optical properties of this material. An important knob to tune and control these processes is, e.g., the linear electro-optic effect, the Pockels effect via externally applied electric fields. Due to the shape of the resonators a precise prediction of the electric field strength that affects the optical mode is non-trivial. Here, we study the average strength of the electric field in z-direction in the region of the optical mode for different configurations and geometries of lithium niobate whispering gallery resonators with the help of the finite element method. We find that in some configurations almost 100% is present in the cavity compared to the ideal case of a cylindrical resonator. Even in the case of a few-mode resonator with a very thin rim we find a strength of 90%. Our results give useful design considerations for future arrangements that may benefit from the strong electro-optic effect in bulk whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate.

Increase of Side Band Powers in Parallel Phase Modulation by Lithium Niobate–based Electro-optic Crystal

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-745
Author(s):  
Minakshi Mandal ◽  
Rupali Maji ◽  
Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Side Band ◽  
Electro Optic

scholarly journals A Broadband High-Diffraction-Efficiency Electro-Optic Bragg Deflector Based on Monolithic Dual-Grating Periodically-Poled Lithium Niobate

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
An-Chung Chiang ◽  
Yuan-Yao Lin ◽  
Shou-Tai Lin ◽  
Yen-Yin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Beam Radius ◽  
Acceptance Angle ◽  
Periodically Poled ◽  
Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Strong Focusing ◽  
Grating Design

Electro-optic (EO) Bragg deflectors have been extensively used in a variety of applications. Recent developments show that bandwidths and deflection efficiencies, as well as angular bandwidths, would significantly limit the utilization of EO Bragg deflectors, especially for applications which need strong focusing, such as intra-cavity applications. In this paper, we introduce a broadband EO Bragg deflector based on periodically-poled lithium niobate with a monolithic dual-grating design. We analyzed the deflection properties of this device by using a modified coupled wave theory and showed that this device can be still efficient for a small beam radius under strong focusing, whereas a single-grating one becomes very inefficient. Using a 1064-nm laser beam with a 100-μm beam radius, we obtained a 74% deflection efficiency with a 190-V bias voltage with a 0.5-mm-thick and 7.5-mm-long dual-grating sample. The acceptance angle for the Bragg condition of this device is as large as a few tens of mrad. The potential bandwidth of this device exceeds 500 nm if the proper operation region is chosen.

scholarly journals Broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation in a lithium niobate microring resonator

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 568 (7752) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Zhang ◽  
Brandon Buscaino ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Amirhassan Shams-Ansari ◽  
Christian Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Microring Resonator ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Comb Generation

Influence Analysis of Sampling Time for Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes in the V-Type Pyrolysis Flame

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chao Liu ◽  
Bao Min Sun ◽  
Zhao Yong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from V-type pyrolysis flame is a kind of novel method. It needs simple laboratory equipments and normal atmosphere pressure. The V-type pyrolysis flame experimental system is introduced. Carbon source is the carbon monoxide and heat source is from acetylene/air premixed flame. Pentacarbonyl iron, served as catalyst, is transported by spray- pyrolysis method into the flame. The carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. This study aims to find the formation rule of carbon nanotubes from the V-type pyrolysis flame in different sampling times. The carbon nanotubes with less impurity and high yield were captured successfully in the V-type pyrolysis flame. The diameter of carbon nanotubes was approximate between 10nm and 20nm, and its length was dozens of microns. When the sampling time was below 3 minutes, the growth of carbon nanotubes came into the preparation growth period. The length of the carbon nanotubes increased gradually and the diameter had no obvious change with the extension of sampling time. When the sampling time was continued to the 5th minute, the growth of carbon nanotubes came into the exuberant growth period. The carbon nanotubes growth was finished within 5minutes. Longer sampling time was meaningless after the carbon nanotubes formation.

III-Nitride Growth on Lithium Niobate: A New Substrate Material for Polarity Engineering in III-Nitride Heteroepitaxy

2002 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Alan Doolittle ◽  
Gon Namkoong ◽  
Alexander Carver ◽  
Walter Henderson ◽  
Dieter Jundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Periodically Poled ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Bandgap Semiconductors ◽  
Aln Buffer

ABSTRACTHerein, we discuss the use of a novel new substrate for III-Nitride epitaxy, Lithium Niobate. It is shown that Lithium Niobate (LN) has a smaller lattice mismatch to III-Nitrides than sapphire and can be used to control the polarity of III-Nitride films grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Results from initial growth studies are reported including using various nitridation/buffer conditions along with structural and optical characterization. Comparisons of data obtained from GaN and AlN buffer layers are offered and details of the film adhesion dependence on buffer layer conditions is presented. Lateral polarization heterostructures grown on periodically poled LN are also demonstrated. While work is still required to establish the limits of the methods proposed herein, these initial studies offer the promise for mixing III-Nitride semiconductor materials with lithium niobate allowing wide bandgap semiconductors to utilize the acoustic, pyroelectric/ferroelectric, electro-optic, and nonlinear optical properties of this new substrate material as well as the ability to engineer various polarization structures for future devices.

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