scholarly journals Using Data Mining in Educational Administration: A Case Study on Improving School Attendance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Moodley ◽  
Francisco Chiclana ◽  
Jenny Carter ◽  
Fabio Caraffini
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Leadership Research ◽  
Future Work

Pupil absenteeism remains a significant problem for schools across the globe with negative impacts on overall pupil performance being well-documented. Whilst all schools continue to emphasize good attendance, some schools still find it difficult to reach the required average attendance, which in the UK is 96%. A novel approach is proposed to help schools improve attendance that leverages the market target model, which is built on association rule mining and probability theory, to target sessions that are most impactful to overall poor attendance. Tests conducted at Willen Primary School, in Milton Keynes, UK, showed that significant improvements can be made to overall attendance, attendance in the target session, and persistent (chronic) absenteeism, through the use of this approach. The paper concludes by discussing school leadership, research implications, and highlights future work which includes the development of a software program that can be rolled-out to other schools.

scholarly journals TO WHAT DEGREE IS AGEISM ACTUALLY DISABLEISM? A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S570-S570
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Large Case

Abstract Ageism has been identified as a possible threat to the extending working lives agenda that is prevalent in many Western countries. It recently became a popular topic of research, but is not yet well understood. In this article we explore to what degree ageism is actually hidden disableism. We suggest that not all ageism is likely to be disableism, but a large part is, with the difference that it is not (necessarily) about actual impairments, but expected impairments. Using data from a large case study based project in the UK (containing 185 participants), we further assess to what degree older workers link ageism to disableism in their own accounts of future work plans. We conclude that even though we would still expect ageism to affect employment of older workers, without disableism it is unlikely that ageism would be as detrimental to the employment of older workers as it is now.

scholarly journals All for one and one for all? Leadership approaches in complementary schools

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322097128
Author(s):  
Linet Arthur ◽  
Ana Souza
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Leadership ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Leadership Approaches

This article explores the nature of leadership in Brazilian complementary schools in the UK. Such schools are typically parent-driven, voluntary and financially vulnerable. Using data from a questionnaire survey ( n=14; more than three-quarters of Brazilian complementary schools) and three in-depth case studies, leadership is examined in relation to five established approaches: directive, instructional, transformational, distributed and collaborative. The study found that the size of the school and the personality of the leader appeared to influence the type of leadership adopted. In terms of effectiveness, a combination of instructional leadership with an approach that motivated staff and volunteers (whether directive, collaborative or transformational, depending on the school’s circumstances) seemed most appropriate to the context of complementary schools. The research illustrates the complexity of school leadership and the overlap between different models. Leadership flexibility was important in responding to the needs of staff, students and parents. The findings are transferable to mainstream schools with contexts similar to those of complementary schools, particularly small primary schools and free schools.

Can Bird Abundance Declines be Detected by Citizen Science Programmes? A Case Study Using Common Cuckoo Cuculus Canorus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Sparks ◽  
S. Atkinson ◽  
K. Lewthwaite ◽  
R. Dhap ◽  
N.J. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Regional Comparisons

Using data from two independent UK citizen science schemes we investigate evidence for declines in abundance of Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus, a species that is particularly easy to record. One of the schemes (Nature's Calendar) involves phenological recording across various taxa and is open to the general public, the other (BirdTrack) targets more committed birdwatchers. Results show a very strong correlation between the two schemes and confirm their ability to detect the marked decline in the abundance of Common Cuckoo in the UK in the 21st century. Furthermore, the first scheme allows some tentative regional comparisons with data from a century earlier, and suggests regional differences in Common Cuckoo decline over the longer term.

scholarly journals Analysis of Barriers to Transitioning from a Linear to a Circular Economy for End of Life Materials: A Case Study for Waste Feathers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dieckmann ◽  
Leila Sheldrick ◽  
Mike Tennant ◽  
Rupert Myers ◽  
Christopher Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk

This research aimed to develop a simple but robust method to identify the key barriers to the transition from a linear to a circular economy (CE) for end of life products or material. Nine top-tier barrier categories have been identified that influence this transition. These relate to the basic material properties and product characteristics, the availability of suitable processing technology, the environmental impacts associated with current linear management, the organizational context, industry and supply chain issues, external drivers, public perception, the regulatory framework and the overall economic viability of the transition. The method provides a novel and rapid way to identify and quantitatively assess the barriers to the development of CE products. This allows mitigation steps to be developed in parallel with new product design. The method has been used to assess the potential barriers to developing a circular economy for waste feathers generated by the UK poultry industry. This showed that transitioning UK waste feathers to circularity faces significant barriers across numerous categories and is not currently economically viable. The assessment method developed provides a novel approach to identifying barriers to circularity and has potential to be applied to a wide range of end of life materials and products.

Analysis and visualization of COVID-19 discourse on Twitter using data science: a case study of the USA, the UK and India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Ilyas ◽  
Ahmed Anwar ◽  
Ussama Yaqub ◽  
Zamil Alzamil ◽  
Deniz Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to understand, examine and interpret the main concerns and emotions of the people regarding COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, the USA and India using Data Science measures. Design/methodology/approach This study implements unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods, i.e. topic modeling and sentiment analysis on Twitter data for extracting the topics of discussion and calculating public sentiment. Findings Governments and policymakers remained the focus of public discussion on Twitter during the first three months of the pandemic. Overall, public sentiment toward the pandemic remained neutral except for the USA. Originality/value This paper proposes a Data Science-based approach to better understand the public topics of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Access granted: Modern languages and issues of accessibility at university – a case study from Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Brown ◽  
Marinella Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Degree Structure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
Professional Degrees

AbstractDiscussion about how to monitor and increase participation in languages study is gaining relevance in the UK, the US and Australia across various sectors, but particularly in higher education. In recent times levels of enrolment in modern languages at universities around the world have been described in terms of ‘crisis’ or even ‘permanent crisis’. In Australia, however, the introduction of a new course structure at the University of Western Australia, which established a three-year general Bachelor degree followed by professional degrees, has resulted in unprecedented levels of language enrolments. Using data from this university as a case in point, we provide substantial evidence to argue that language enrolments are directly related to overlooked issues of degree structure and flexibility, rather than to other factors.

scholarly journals Machine learning for research on climate change adaptation policy integration: an exploratory UK case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert Biesbroek ◽  
Shashi Badloe ◽  
Ioannis N. Athanasiadis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Adaptation Policy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Policy

Abstract Understanding how climate change adaptation is integrated into existing policy sectors and organizations is critical to ensure timely and effective climate actions across multiple levels and scales. Studying climate change adaptation policy has become increasingly difficult, particularly given the increasing volume of potentially relevant data available, the validity of existing methods handling large volumes of data, and comprehensiveness of assessing processes of integration across all sectors and public sector organizations over time. This article explores the use of machine learning to assist researchers when conducting adaptation policy research using text as data. We briefly introduce machine learning for text analysis, present the steps of training and testing a neural network model to classify policy texts using data from the UK, and demonstrate its usefulness with quantitative and qualitative illustrations. We conclude the article by reflecting on the merits and pitfalls of using machine learning in our case study and in general for researching climate change adaptation policy.

scholarly journals Handedness measures for the Human Connectome Project: Implications for data analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Ruck ◽  
P. Thomas Schoenemann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work

AbstractOpen data initiatives such as the UK Biobank and Human Connectome Project provide researchers with access to neuroimaging, genetic, and other data for large samples of left-and right-handed participants, allowing for more robust investigations of handedness than ever before. Handedness inventories are universal tools for assessing participant handedness in these large-scale neuroimaging contexts. These self-report measures are typically used to screen and recruit subjects, but they are also widely used as variables in statistical analyses of fMRI and other data. Recent investigations into the validity of handedness inventories, however, suggest that self-report data from these inventories might not reflect hand preference/performance as faithfully as previously thought. Using data from the Human Connectome Project, we assessed correspondence between three handedness measures – the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI), the Rolyan 9-hole pegboard, and grip strength – in 1179 healthy subjects. We show poor association between the different handedness measures, with roughly 10% of the sample having at least one behavioral measure which indicates hand-performance bias opposite to the EHI score, and over 65% of left-handers having one or more mismatched handedness scores. We discuss implications for future work, urging researchers to critically consider direction, degree, and consistency of handedness in their data.

Automatic Generation of UML Diagrams From Product Requirements Described by Natural Language

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Requirements Modeling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Graphic Language ◽  
Uml Diagrams ◽  
Future Work

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to transform a requirement text described by natural language into two UML diagrams — use case and class diagrams. The transformation consists of two steps: from natural language to an intermediate graphic language called recursive object model (ROM) and from ROM to UML. The ROM diagram corresponding to a text includes the main semantic information implied in the text by modeling the relations between words in a text. Based on the semantics in the ROM diagram, a set of generation rules are proposed to generate UML diagrams from a ROM diagram. A software prototype R2U is presented as a proof of concept for this approach. A case study shows that the proposed approach is feasible. The proposed approach can be applied to requirements modeling in various engineering fields such as software engineering, automotive engineering, and aerospace engineering. The future work is pointed out at the end of this paper.

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