scholarly journals Non-REM Sleep Marker for Wearable Monitoring: Power Concentration of Respiratory Heart Rate Fluctuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Hayano ◽  
Norihiro Ueda ◽  
Masaya Kisohara ◽  
Yutaka Yoshida ◽  
Haruhito Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Rate Fluctuation

A variety of heart rate variability (HRV) indices have been reported to estimate sleep stages, but the associations are modest and lacking solid physiological basis. Non-REM (NREM) sleep is associated with increased regularity of respiratory frequency, which results in the concentration of high frequency (HF) HRV power into a narrow frequency range. Using this physiological feature, we developed a new HRV sleep index named Hsi to quantify the degree of HF power concentration. We analyzed 11,636 consecutive 5-min segments of electrocardiographic (ECG) signal of polysomnographic data in 141 subjects and calculated Hsi and conventional HRV indices for each segment. Hsi was greater during NREM (mean [SD], 75.1 [8.3]%) than wake (61.0 [10.3]%) and REM (62.0 [8.4]%) stages. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that Hsi discriminated NREM from wake and REM segments with an area under the curve of 0.86, which was greater than those of heart rate (0.642), peak HF power (0.75), low-to-high frequency ratio (0.77), and scaling exponent α (0.77). With a cutoff >70%, Hsi detected NREM segments with 77% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.57. Hsi may provide an accurate NREM sleep maker for ECG and pulse wave signals obtained from wearable sensors.

Scaling exponent values as an ordinary function of the ratio of very low frequency to high frequency powers in heart rate variability over various sleep stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Jing Huang ◽  
Ching-Hsiang Lai ◽  
Shin-Da Lee ◽  
Wei-Che Wang ◽  
Ling-Hui Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Very Low Frequency

Altered heart rate variability during sleep in mild cognitive impairment

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D X Kong ◽  
Camilla M Hoyos ◽  
Craig L Phillips ◽  
Andrew C McKinnon ◽  
Pinghsiu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement

Abstract Study Objectives Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, as measured by short-term diurnal heart rate variability (HRV), has been reported in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is unclear whether this impairment also exists during sleep in this group. We, therefore, compared overnight HRV during sleep in older adults with MCI and those with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Methods Older adults (n = 210) underwent overnight polysomnography. Eligible participants were characterized as multi-domain MCI or SCI. The multi-domain MCI group was comprised of amnestic and non-amnestic subtypes. Power spectral analysis of HRV was conducted on the overnight electrocardiogram during non-rapid eye movement (NREM), rapid eye movement (REM), N1, N2, N3 sleep stages, and wake periods. High-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) was employed as the primary measure to estimate parasympathetic function. Results The MCI group showed reduced HF-HRV during NREM sleep (p = 0.018), but not during wake or REM sleep (p > 0.05) compared to the SCI group. Participants with aMCI compared to SCI had the most pronounced reduction in HF-HRV across all NREM sleep stages—N1, N2, and N3, but not during wake or REM sleep. The naMCI sub-group did not show any significant differences in HF-HRV during any sleep stage compared to SCI. Conclusions Our study showed that amnestic MCI participants had greater reductions in HF-HRV during NREM sleep, relative to those with SCI, suggesting potential vulnerability to sleep-related parasympathetic dysfunction. HF-HRV, especially during NREM sleep, may be an early biomarker for dementia detection.

Effect of Head-Down Tilt on Cardiovascular Control in Healthy Subjects: A Spectral Analytic Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Weise ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
A. P. Guerin ◽  
B. M. Pannier ◽  
J.-L. Elghozi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Forearm Vascular Resistance

1. The purpose of this investigation was to determine non-invasively the changes in autonomic cardiovascular control observed in normal subjects submitted to acute cardiopulmonary blood volume expansion by 100° head-down tilt. The effect of head-down tilt on finger blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations was studied by means of power spectral analysis in 12 healthy men. 2. Amplitude spectra of heart rate and blood pressure rhythmicity were estimated at the low-frequency (60–140 mHz, 10-s rhythm) and high-frequency (area under the curve at mean respiration rate ± 50 mHz) component. Transfer gain and phase were calculated between systolic blood pressure and heart rate. Forearm vascular resistance was estimated to validate the head-down procedure. 3. Forearm vascular resistance decreased significantly from 19.82 (16.34–26.46) mmHg ml−1 min 100 ml to 18.05 (13.69–22.88) mmHg ml−1 min 100 ml (P < 0.01) during head-down tilt (values are medians and 25 and 75 percentiles). The overall variability (total area under the curve of the spectrum from 20 to 500 mHz) of blood pressure and heart rate time series was consistently reduced with head-down tilt. 4. The spectral pattern of systolic blood pressure showed a diminution of the absolute and relative low-frequency component during head-down tilt: absolute log-transformed values, 2.86 (2.80–2.94) mmHg/Hz1/2 versus 2.77 (2.72–2.82) mmHg/Hz1/2 (P < 0.05); relative values, 35% (32–37%) versus 32% (29–32%) (P < 0.05). In heart rate spectra only the absolute low-frequency component decreased. There was no change in the high-frequency component in all time series or in the transfer gain and phase during head-down tilt. 5. It is concluded that head-down tilt is a simple manoeuvre to diminish the 10-s rhythm in systolic blood pressure, which may reflect the reduced sympathetic vasomotor control after cardiopulmonary baroreceptor loading.

scholarly journals SCALP HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATION RATE DEPENDS ON SLEEP STAGE AND DECREASES WITH TIME SPENT IN SLEEP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Cserpan ◽  
Richard Rosch ◽  
Santo Pietro Lo Biundo ◽  
Johannes Sarnthein ◽  
Georgia Ramantani
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
High Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Scalp Eeg

High frequency oscillations (HFO) in scalp EEG are a new and promising epilepsy biomarker. HFO analysis is typically restricted to random and relatively brief sleep segments. However, considerable fluctuations of HFO rates have been observed over the recording nights, particularly in relation to sleep stages and cycles. Here, we identify the timing within the sleep period and the minimal data interval length that allow for sensitive and reproducible detection of scalp HFO. We selected 16 seizure-free whole-night scalp EEG recordings of children and adolescents with focal lesional epilepsy (median age 7.6 y, range 2.2-17.4 y). We used an automated and clinically validated HFO detector to determine HFO rates (80-250 Hz) in bipolar channels. To identify significant variability over different NREM sleep stages and over time spent in sleep, we modelled HFO rate as a Poisson process. We analysed the test-retest reliability to evaluate the reproducibility of HFO detection across recording intervals. Scalp HFO rates were higher in N3 than in N2 sleep and highest in the first sleep cycle, decreasing with time spent in sleep. In N3 sleep, the median reliability of HFO detection increased from 67% to 79% to 100% for 5-, 10-, and 15-min data intervals, improving significantly (p=0.004) from 5 to 10 min but not from 10 to 15 min. In this analysis of whole-night scalp EEG, we identified the first N3 sleep stage as the most sensitive time window for HFO rate detection. N3 data intervals of 10 min duration are required and sufficient for reliable measurements of HFO rates. Our study provides a robust and reliable framework for implementing scalp HFO as an EEG biomarker in pediatric epilepsy.

scholarly journals Increased Heart Rate during Walk Test Predicts Chronic-Phase Worsening of Renal Function in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Normal Kidney Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4785
Author(s):  
Asami Ogura ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Hideto Tawa ◽  
Fumie Kureha ◽  
Masaaki Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Circulatory Dynamics

Chronic-phase worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with poor prognosis. However, there is no consensus on either the method of prevention or the cause. The aim of this study was to determine factors predictive of chronic-phase WRF from the viewpoint of circulatory dynamics response to exercise during hospitalization of AMI patients without renal dysfunction on admission. We studied 186 consecutively AMI patients who underwent the 200-m walk test. Chronic-phase WRF was defined as a 20% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to 8–10 months after AMI onset. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure recorded during the 200-m walk test were evaluated as circulatory dynamics responses. In total, 94 patients were enrolled. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ΔHR (peak-rest) associated significantly with ΔeGFR (β = 0.427, p = 0.018). The receiver operating characteristic curve of ΔHR to predict chronic-phase WRF showed an area under the curve of 0.77, with a cut-off value of 22.0 bpm having a 95% sensitivity and 55% specificity. Among circulatory dynamics responses during exercise in the acute phase after AMI, ΔHR was an independent predictor of chronic-phase WRF.

scholarly journals The Effect of L-Theanine Incorporated in a Functional Food Product (Mango Sorbet) on Physiological Responses in Healthy Males: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Williams ◽  
Andrew J. McKune ◽  
Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou ◽  
Jane Kellett ◽  
Nathan M. D’Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Double Blind

Consumption of L-Theanine (L-THE) has been associated with a sensation of relaxation, as well as a reduction of stress. However, these physiological responses have yet to be elucidated in humans where L-THE is compared alongside food or as a functional ingredient within the food matrix. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological responses of a single intake of a potential functional food product (mango sorbet) containing L-THE (ms-L-THE; 200 mgw/w) in comparison to a flavour and colour-matched placebo (ms). Eighteen healthy male participants were recruited in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were required to consume ms-L-THE or placebo and their blood pressure (BP) (systolic and diastolic), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored continuously over 90 minutes. Eleven males (age 27.7 ± 10.8 years) completed the study. Changes in area under the curve for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HRV over the 90 minute observation period indicated no differences between the three conditions (all p > 0.05) or within individual groups (all p > 0.05). The values for heart rate were also not different in the placebo group (p = 0.996) and treatment group (p = 0.066), while there was a difference seen at the baseline (p = 0.003). Based on the findings of this study, L-THE incorporated in a food matrix (mango sorbet) demonstrated no reduction in BP or HR and showed no significant parasympathetic interaction as determined by HRV high-frequency band and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Further studies should be focussed towards the comparison of pure L-THE and incorporation within the food matrix to warrant recommendations of L-THE alongside food consumption.

Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on human sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. R947-R955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Mullington ◽  
Carsten Korth ◽  
Dirk M. Hermann ◽  
Armin Orth ◽  
Chris Galanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Human Sleep ◽  
Sleep Amount

The role of the central nervous system in the host response to infection and inflammation and modulation of these responses by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system are well established. In animals, activation of host defense mechanisms increases non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep amount and intensity, which, in turn, are thought to support host defense, or the body's ability to defend itself against challenges to its immune system. In humans, the evidence is conflicting. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three placebo-controlled doses of endotoxin on host response, including nocturnal sleep in healthy volunteers. Administered before nocturnal sleep onset, endotoxin dose dependently increased rectal temperature, heart rate, and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptors, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, and cortisol. The lowest dose reliably increased circulating levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors, but it did not affect rectal temperature, heart rate, or cortisol. This subtle host defense activation increased deep NREM sleep amount, often referred to as slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4), and intensity (delta power). Conversely, the highest dose of endotoxin disrupted sleep. Whereas it is well established that the endocrine and thermoregulatory systems are very sensitive to endotoxin, this study shows that human sleep-wake behavior is even more sensitive to activation of host defense mechanisms.

Hemodynamic changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea followed by arousal in a porcine model

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Pinto ◽  
E. Garpestad ◽  
J. W. Weiss ◽  
D. M. Bergau ◽  
D. A. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

To study the effects of airway obstruction (AWO) and arousal on coronary blood flow, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate, pigs were chronically instrumented with arterial catheters, Doppler flow probes on the left circumflex coronary artery, and electrodes for determination of sleep stages. A modified tracheostomy tube was placed in the trachea to obstruct the upper airway during sleep sessions. In control studies, during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, MAP was 84 +/- 2 mmHg before AWO and increased by 5 +/- 2 mmHg on arousal. MAP was lower during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (62 +/- 2 mmHg), and the increase on arousal was fourfold greater (22 +/- 2 mmHg). Heart rate was similar in both sleep stages (NREM: 120 +/- 4 beats/min; REM: 124 +/- 5 beats/min) and increased significantly on arousal (NREM: 12 +/- 2 beats/min; REM: 18 +/- 1 beats/min). Coronary blood flow was similar during both stages (NREM: 43 +/- 4 ml/min; REM: 46 +/- 8 ml/min) and increased by 12–15% on arousal. Coronary vascular resistance index increased significantly by 24% on arousal from AWO during REM sleep. All increases and decreases were significant at P < 0.05. Receptor blockade studies were performed to assess alpha-adrenergic receptor involvement.

scholarly journals Phase-amplitude coupling between infraslow and high-frequency activities well discriminates between the preictal and interictal states

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hashimoto ◽  
Hui Ming Khoo ◽  
Takufumi Yanagisawa ◽  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Satoru Oshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Preictal State

AbstractInfraslow activity (ISA) and high-frequency activity (HFA) are key biomarkers for studying epileptic seizures. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between ISA and HFA around seizure onset. We enrolled seven patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent intracranial electrode placement. We comparatively analyzed the ISA, HFA, and ISA-HFA phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in the seizure onset zone (SOZ) or non-SOZ (nSOZ) in the interictal, preictal, and ictal states. We recorded 15 seizures. HFA and ISA were larger in the ictal states than in the interictal or preictal state. During seizures, the HFA and ISA of the SOZ were larger and occurred earlier than those of nSOZ. In the preictal state, the ISA-HFA PAC of the SOZ was larger than that of the interictal state, and it began increasing at approximately 87 s before the seizure onset. The receiver-operating characteristic curve revealed that the ISA-HFA PAC of the SOZ showed the highest discrimination performance in the preictal and interictal states, with an area under the curve of 0.926. This study demonstrated the novel insight that ISA-HFA PAC increases before the onset of seizures. Our findings indicate that ISA-HFA PAC could be a useful biomarker for discriminating between the preictal and interictal states.

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