Assessment of Hybrid Wind-Wave Energy Resource for the NW Coast of Iberian Peninsula in a Climate Change Context

Offshore renewable energy has a high potential for ensuring the successful implementation of the European decarbonization agenda planned for the near future. Hybrid wind-wave farms can reduce installation and maintenance costs, and increase the renewable energy availability of a location by compensating for the wind’s intermittent nature with good wave conditions. In addition, wave farms can provide protection to wind farms, and the combined wind/wave farm can provide coastal protection. This work aims to assess the future hybrid wind-wave energy resource for the northwest coast of Iberian Peninsula for the near future (2026–2045), under the RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas emission scenario. This assessment was accomplished by applying a Delphi classification method to define four categories, aiming to evaluate the richness (wind and wave energy availability, downtime), the variability (temporal variation), the environmental risk (extreme events), and cost parameters (water depth and distance to coast) of the wind and wave resources. The combined index (CI), which classifies the hybrid wind-wave resource, shows that most of the NW Iberian Peninsula presents good conditions (CI > 0.6) for exploiting energy from wind and wave resources simultaneously. Additionally, there are some particularly optimal areas (CI > 0.7), such as the region near Cape Roca, and the Galician coast.

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Development of a New Federally Funded Wind/Wave/Towing Basin to Support the Offshore Renewable Energy Industry

10.5957/attc-2017-0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Cole ◽

Matthew Fowler ◽

Razieh Zangeneh ◽

Anthony Viselli

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Model Testing ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

High Quality ◽

Directional Wave ◽

Wave Maker

This paper presents technical details for a unique newly constructed model testing facility for offshore renewable energy devices and other structures established through federal and state funding. The University of Maine (UMaine) has been an active contributor to research in the field of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) design and scale-model testing for the past 6 years. Due to a lack of appropriate test facilities in the United States, UMaine has led multiple 1:50 scale-model tests of FOWT platforms internationally, leading to the motivation to design and build a state-of-the-art test facility at UMaine which includes high-quality wind generation with waves and towing capabilities. In November of 2015, UMaine opened the Alfond Wind/Wave Ocean Engineering Laboratory (W2) at the Advanced Structures and Composites Center. This facility, shown in Figure 1, contains a 30m long x 9m wide x 0-4.5m variable floor depth test basin with a 16-paddle wave maker at one end and a parabolic wave attenuating beach at the other. This basin is unique in that it integrates a rotatable open-jet wind tunnel over the basin that is capable of simulating high-quality wind fields in excess of 10 m/s over a large test area. Since opening, the W2 has provided testing for various scale-model FOWT designs, oil and gas vessels such as a scale-model floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel, and a large number of wave energy conversion (WEC) devices in support of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Wave Energy Prize. In addition to scalemodel testing, the W2 facility supports a wide range of model construction equipment including a 2.0m x 4.0m x 0.1m tall 3D CNC waterjet, a 3m long x 1.5m wide x 1.4m tall 5-axis CNC router, and an additive manufacturing facility housing a 0.6m x 0.6m x 0.9m 3D printer. To expand the capability of W2, a towing system is currently being designed to operate in conjunction with the multi-directional wave maker, which is shown in Figure 5. This equipment will provide bi-directional towing for a variety of applications. In addition to standard resistance testing, the broad aspect ratio of the basin provides reduced blockage effects while the multi-directional wave maker allows for tow testing a large number of wave environments and headings. The moving floor enables intermediate to shallow water tow tank tests, which are important for capturing the wave kinematics applicable to coastal environments, while the relatively deep water depths support testing of large structures such as tidal turbines and tow-out operations for THE 30th AMERICAN TOWING TANK CONFERENCE WEST BETHESDA, MARYLAND, OCTOBER 2017 2 large offshore structures such as wind and wave floating energy platforms. To test the capabilities of this system, UMaine is constructing a 1:50-scale model of the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) 5415 to perform commissioning tests. The towing system is planned to be operational in 2018.

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On the Use of Wind-Wave Spectral Formulas to Estimate Wave Energy

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2795053 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (4) ◽

pp. 314-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. E. McCormick

Keyword(s):

Energy Conversion ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Wave Energy Conversion

It is common practice by wave energy conversion technologists to estimate long-term wave energy potentials at both offshore and coastal sites by using established wind-wave spectral formulas. It is shown that the use of these formulas can lead to both incorrect wave energy resource estimates and improperly designed conversion systems. The formulas are shown to poorly predict modal and peak spectral periods for long-term seas.

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Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Farms. A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis at Brindisi, Italy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13226150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 6150

Author(s):

Daniela Pantusa ◽

Antonio Francone ◽

Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Floating Platforms ◽

System Coupling

The present paper deals with the Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) of an offshore renewable energy farm that is currently a topic of interest for operators and investors. The LCC analysis refers to the Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) considering all the phases of life span, and it has been carried out for floating offshore wind farms (FOWFs) and hybrid wind-wave farms (HWWFs). For HWWFs, this paper proposes a hybrid wind-wave energy system (HWWES), which provides the coupling of wave energy converter (WEC) with Tension Leg Platform (TLP) or Spar Buoy platform (SB). The LCC analysis has been carried out considering: (i) FOWF consisting of TLP floating platforms; (ii) FOWF consisting of a SB floating platforms; (iii) HWWF realized with the conceived hybrid system coupling the WEC with the TLP platform; (iv) HWWF realized with the conceived hybrid system coupling the WEC with SB platform. In addition to the LCC evaluation, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis has also been carried out. The site chosen for the study is off the port of Brindisi, southern Italy. This work’s interest lies in having performed a LCC analysis for FOWF and HWWF in the Mediterranean that is an area of growing interest for offshore renewable energy, and obtained results have allowed making assessments on costs for offshore energy farms.

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Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Potential in the Croatian Part of the Adriatic Sea and Comparison with Wind Energy Potential

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12122357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2357 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrea Farkas ◽

Nastia Degiuli ◽

Ivana Martić

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Wind Energy Potential ◽

Offshore Wave

The European Union is a leading patron for the introduction of renewable energy, having set a target that renewable sources will represent at least 27% of total energy consumption by the year 2030. Presently, the most significant Croatian renewable resource is hydropower, which is presently at its peak and will not develop further because of limited hydro resources. Therefore, the share of electricity generation from onshore wind farms in Croatia during in recent years has grown significantly. However, as the Croatian government has already made most of the concessions for possible locations of wind farms, the aim of the present study is to evaluate a different renewable energy resource, wave energy. An assessment of the offshore wave energy potential in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is performed using data taken from WorldWaves atlas (WWA). WWA is based on satellite measurements, validated against buoy measurements and reanalysed by numerical wave modelling. This assessment was done for seven locations, and mean yearly energy is calculated for two offshore wave energy converters. Capacity factors were calculated for annual as well as for seasonal levels, and it was concluded that the bulk of the energy would be generated in autumn and winter. The most probable extreme significant wave height was determined at the investigated locations as well. Furthermore, the offshore wind energy potential was evaluated and compared to the wave energy potential.

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A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

10.20944/preprints201705.0090.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fuad Un-Noor ◽

Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban ◽

Lucian Mihet-Popa ◽

Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah ◽

Eklas Hossain

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Transportation Sector ◽

Mode Of Transport ◽

Future Direction ◽

Near Future

Electric vehicles (EV) are getting more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system can face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration; but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of smart grid. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emission from the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before replacing the ICE vehicles totally. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, energy sources, motors, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.

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Use of Numerical Wind-Wave Models for Assessment of the Offshore Wave Energy Resource

Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2829066 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 184-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. T. Pontes ◽

S. Barstow ◽

L. Bertotti ◽

L. Cavaleri ◽

H. Oliveira-Pires

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Sea ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Wind Wave ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Altimeter Data ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Wave Models

In the last two decades the performance of numerical wind-wave models has improved considerably. Several models have been routinely producing good quality wave estimates globally since the mid-1980s. The verifications of wind-wave models have mainly focused on the evaluation of the error of the significant wave height Hs estimates. However, for wave energy purposes, the main parameters to be assessed are the wave power Pw and the mean (energy) period Te. Since Pw is proportional to Hs2 Tc, its expected error is much larger than for the single-wave parameters. This paper summarizes the intercomparison of two wind-wave models against buoy data in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea to select the most suitable one for the construction of an Atlas of the wave energy resource in European waters. A full verification in the two basins of the selected model—the WAM model implemented in the routine operation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts—was then performed against buoy and satellite altimeter data. It was found that the WAM model accuracy is very good for offshore locations in the North Atlantic; but for the Mediterranean Sea the results are much less accurate, probably due to a lower quality of the input wind fields.

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A case study on solar, wind and hydro energy resource potential of Prizren region in Kosovo

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016703001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 167 ◽

pp. 03001

Author(s):

Shiplu Sarker ◽

Goneta Pecani ◽

Dejon Vula ◽

Alemayehu Gebremedhin

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Life Time ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Broad Perspective

Prizren is a city located in the south part of Kosovo with approximately 90,000 inhabitants and land area of 640 km2. The region is covered with distinct geographical features, that favor penetration and deployment of various forms of renewable energy. Particularly, solar, wind and hydro energy potential are considered to be the most available options here. In this study, the potential of these renewable energy sources and their viability for energy production are evaluated using a computational modeling tool. The potential investment opportunities are analyzed based on a 50-year life time project. The results suggest that integrating renewable energy to the existing energy system will enable Prizren region and partly the entire Kosovo for coping with load fluctuations in energy demand. Also, it is expected that the added renewable energy in the existing energy mix will, in a broad perspective, lead to meet the European Union’s target of accelerated renewable energy penetration by the year 2030, and in turn to reduce the greenhouse gas emission to the environment.

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Evaluating the Future Efficiency of Wave Energy Converters along the NW Coast of the Iberian Peninsula

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13143563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Américo S. Ribeiro ◽

Maite deCastro ◽

Liliana Rusu ◽

Mariana Bernardino ◽

João M. Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Load Factor ◽

Historical Period ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Entire Area ◽

Wave Energy Converters ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Near Future ◽

Energy Converters

The efficiency of wave energy converters (WECs) is generally evaluated in terms of historical wave conditions that do not necessarily represent the conditions that those devices will encounter when put into operation. The main objective of the study is to assess the historical and near future efficiency and energy cost of two WECs (Aqua Buoy and Pelamis). A SWAN model was used to downscale the wave parameters along the NW coast of the Iberian Peninsula both for a historical period (1979–2005) and the near future (2026–2045) under the RCP 8.5 greenhouse scenario. The past and future efficiency of both WECs were computed in terms of two parameters that capture the relationship between sea states and the WEC power matrices: the load factor and the capture width. The wave power resource and the electric power capacity of both the WECs will decrease in the near future. The load factor for Aqua Buoy will decrease in the entire area, while it will remain unchanged for Pelamis in most of the area, except north of 43.5° N. The capture width and cost of energy will increase for both devices. The methodology here applied can be easily applied to any device and coastal domain under different climate change scenarios.

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A Delphi method to classify wave energy resource for the 21st century: Application to the NW Iberian Peninsula

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2021.121396 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 121396

Author(s):

A.S. Ribeiro ◽

M. deCastro ◽

X. Costoya ◽

Liliana Rusu ◽

J.M. Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

21St Century ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Delphi Method ◽

Energy Resource

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Technologising the wave

The Digital Scholar Philosopher s Lab ◽

10.5840/dspl2020319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 101-122

Author(s):

Marfuga Iskandarova ◽

Elena Simakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Ocean Waves ◽

Resource Assessment ◽

Natural Phenomenon ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carbon Policy ◽

Marine Energy ◽

The Uk

Despite the recent shift from renewable energy to a low carbon policy, the UK policy discourse still recognises marine energy as part of the country’s future energy mix. Production of what we call an “assemblage” of technology and ocean waves triggers complex sets of initiatives that provide the basis for the economic viability and credibility of wave energy extraction. However, questions are rarely asked about how the natural phenomenon being part of this assemblage is construed as a resource to become a key element of promises and assessments of potential of renewable energy. This study sheds light on under-explored aspects of the credibility–economy and valuation practices formed around renewable energy that have not yet been problematised in social studies of energy. Arguing that ocean waves become an energy resource largely through resource assessment practices, we examine such practices in the context of the production of scientific and policy discourses around wave energy. Considering waves as an object of expertise, we examine how “wave data” constituted through measurements, statistical analysis, modelling and visualisation, contribute to the assessment and legitimisation of wave energy developments. We also evaluate the prospects for wave energy to be a “good” in future economic exchange.

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