scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of an EV Battery Swapping Station on the Reliability of Distribution Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8023
Author(s):  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Yangfan Luo ◽  
Changhao Zhang ◽  
Yixian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Sequential Simulation ◽  
Initial State ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes a comprehensive methodological framework to investigate the potential role of the grid-connected battery swapping station (BSS) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability in improving the reliability of supply in future distribution networks. For this aim, we first develop an empirical model for describing the energy demand of electric vehicles (EVs) and their resultant available generation capacity (AGC) that can be utilized for BSS operation. Then, on this basis, a quantitative method to quantify the effect of grid-connected BSS on distribution system reliability is proposed. In order to capture the uncertainties associated with EV users’ behaviors, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) methods were utilized to obtain the time series of the BSS traffic flow and initial State of Charge (SOC) of each EV battery, according to the probability distribution of corresponding uncertain factors whose statistics are obtained from real-world historical data. Compared with existing works in this research field, the main contributions of this paper are threefold. (i) A comprehensive and efficient method to assess the reliability benefits of BSS with an explicit consideration of BSS characteristics (including physical structure, charging strategy, and swapping model) is proposed, which is in contrast to most of the extant studies that only focus on the EV fast-charging paradigm and thus provide a practical tool to analyze the potential value of BSS resources in future distribution systems. (ii) The randomness of EV user behaviors in BSS operation is explicitly modeled and considered. (iii) The LHS-based sequential simulation is used to improve the accuracy and convergence performance of the evaluation, as compared to the traditional Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, numerical studies are conducted based on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The simulation results show that with V2G capabilities, BSS can improve reliability to a certain extent and reduce the adverse impact on the reliability of the distribution network. In addition, EV resources should be orderly managed and exploited; otherwise, uncoordinated charging activities could impose a negative impact on the reliability performance of distribution networks. Finally, it is also shown that under the same sampling time, LHS-based sequential simulation could be better than SMCS in the accuracy and convergence speed of the procedure.

Investment Analysis of Network Reinforcements Mix for Distribution Systems with Distributed Generations

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1730-1734
Author(s):  
Chun Lien Su
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Effective Network ◽  
The Impact

New trends of environmental, regulation, and economical aspects cause an increasingly distributed generation (DG) connected to distribution networks. Existing distribution networks, however, are not designed to accept extensive DG. Many novel network reinforcement approaches have been proposed for solving the network connection issues. For economic viewpoints, it is important for determining cost-effective network reinforcement solutions for facilitating the meeting of DG growth goals while maintaining the network supply quality and operation security. This paper aims to address network reinforcements investment analysis for accommodating DG capacity growth. A methodology is proposed in this approach to quantify the impact of future increases in DG through the undertaking of a case study based on a generic distribution network model and different projected DG scenarios. Some available network reinforcement options used for managing fault level, voltage level, and power flows are presented and their costs required for meeting supply quality requirements of different types of customers are analyzed. Test results of applications of the proposed method to a practical distribution system are presented. Analysis results can assist distribution network operators in determining proper reinforcement options for managing distributed energy resources.

scholarly journals Stochastic Planning and Operational Constraint Assessment of System-Customer Power Supply Risks in Electricity Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9579
Author(s):  
Mikka Kisuule ◽  
Ignacio Hernando-Gil ◽  
Jonathan Serugunda ◽  
Jane Namaganda-Kiyimba ◽  
Mike Brian Ndawula
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Test System ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
The Impact

Electricity-distribution network operators face several operational constraints in the provision of safe and reliable power given that investments for network area reinforcement must be commensurate with improvements in network reliability. This paper provides an integrated approach for assessing the impact of different operational constraints on distribution-network reliability by incorporating component lifetime models, time-varying component failure rates, as well as the monetary cost of customer interruptions in an all-inclusive probabilistic methodology that applies a time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation. A test distribution network based on the Roy Billinton test system was modelled to investigate the system performance when overloading limits are exceeded as well as when preventive maintenance is performed. Standard reliability indices measuring the frequency and duration of interruptions and the energy not supplied were complemented with a novel monetary reliability index. The comprehensive assessment includes not only average indices but also their probability distributions to adequately describe the risk of customer interruptions. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of this holistic approach, as the impacts of operational decisions are assessed from both reliability and monetary perspectives. This informs network planning decisions through optimum investments and consideration of customer outage costs.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of urbanization on consumer goods distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kellner
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minimal Network ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Distribution Logistics ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

PurposeDue to the growing percentage share of urban dwellers, the physical distribution of products faces altering conditions. This research explores the effects that urbanization has on the performance of a fast-moving consumer goods distribution network. A focus is set on changes in distribution cost, the cost-minimal network design, and greenhouse gas emissions.Design/methodology/approachThe analyses are based on a quantitative distribution network model of an existing manufacturer of consumer goods.FindingsThe results indicate that the foreseen population shift will affect the network's economic and environmental performance. Effects are, among others, due to differences in the efficiency of supplying urban and nonurban regions. The combined effects of urbanization and the development of the population size will even more affect the network's performance.Originality/valueResearch dealing with distribution logistics and urbanization primarily focuses on city logistics. In this paper, the object of analysis is the entire distribution system.

The Impact of Charging Plug-In Electric Vehicles on Distribution System Considering Spatial and Temporal Distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1367-1371
Author(s):  
Dong Hua Wang ◽  
Cheng Xiong Mao ◽  
Min Wei Wang ◽  
Ji Ming Lu ◽  
Hua Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

The plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) would exert inevitable impact on distribution system operation due to the spatial and temporal stochastic nature of the charging load. Based on the probability distributions of battery charging start time and the initial state-of-charge (SOC), the spatial and temporal charging loads of PEVs are analyzed on load nature and charging behaviors among different functional distribution areas. Taking IEEE 33-bus distribution system as an example, the Monte Carlo method is adopted to simulate charging load under different charging strategies and charging places for assess the impact on network loss and nodal voltage using standard load flow calculations. The results show that the choice of control strategies can improve the impacts of PEVs charging on distribution grid; a well-developed public charging infrastructure could reduce the stress on the residential distribution systems; optimal assignment of PEVs charging in residential area and industrial or commercial areas would provide a reference for charging infrastructure construction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Distributed Generation Impact on Reliability of a Distribution System using DIg SILENT Power Factory

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Distribution System Reliability ◽  
The Impact

As an effective supplement to the centralized fossil fuel based traditional generation, Distributed Generation (DG) has become an effective alternative choice and has been rapidly increasing since past few years due to growing demand for electricity and the new policies of governing bodies for usage of green energy. In overall power system, distribution systems are more vulnerable to faults and reliability aspects of such systems becomes an important issue. With higher penetration of DG into the distribution network, it will be necessary to study the impact of such generation on the various aspects of distribution system. Thus, increase in rate of penetration DGs into the distribution system on one side and increased faults in distribution network on another side, will make the study of impact of DG integration on distribution system reliability an interesting topic of research. The present work focuses on evaluation of impacts of integration of such DGs on reliability of local distribution network, typically in an urban scenario By using the simulation method using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, the impacts of integration of DG in terms of enhancement in distribution system reliability indices and reduction in system losses for different scenarios are studied and presented in this paper. Based on the simulation results obtained and after analysis of the distribution system, overall results are summarized by focusing on the installation of suitable capacity of DG and the location of DG which are important factors affecting the system losses and system reliability indices.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of demand response programs on the reliability of the Ghanian distribution network

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248012
Author(s):  
Ernestina M. Amewornu ◽  
Nnamdi I. Nwulu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
The Impact

The balancing of supplied energy to energy demand is often very challenging due to unstable power supply and demand load. This challenge causes the level of performance of distribution networks to be lower than expected. Research has however, shown the role of demand response (DR) on the performance of power networks. This work investigates the influence of DR, in the presence of incorporated renewable energy, on technical loss reduction, reliability, environment, energy saved and incentives paid to consumers with the help of PSAT and AIMMS software. Results from simulation have shown that the introduction of renewable energy into a Ghanaian distribution network coupled with implementing the proposed DR improves total energy supply by 9.8% at a corresponding operation cost reduction of 72.79%. The GHG and technical loss reduced by 27.26% and 10.09% respectively. The total energy saving is about 105kWh and 5,394.86kWh, for domestic and commercial loading profiles, respectively. Incentives received by consumers range between 45.14% and 58.55% more than that enjoyed, without renewable energy, by domestic and commercial consumers. The utility benefit also increased by 76.96% and 67.31% for domestic and commercial loads than that without renewable energy. Network reliability improves with implementation of DR. However, the reliability of a grid-connected network is better with a diesel generator only than with the integration of renewable energy. The power distribution companies, therefore, need to consider the implementation of incentive-based demand response program.

The Impact of Distributed Generators Placements on the Reliability of Typical Industrial Power Distribution System

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1278-1287
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Al-Yami
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Power System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Electrical Distribution systems that are radially configured with one utility power source are inherently exposed to higher rates of outages and interruptions, due to failures of system components, including: transformers, breakers and switching devices. In addition, fault conditions can also be caused by weather, animals or human error. Historically in Saudi Arabia, many industrial and residential distribution networks suffered from these problems. Large-size, growing demand and cost — with the time requirements for enhancement projects — results in distributed generation (DG) — as online or backup —playing a key role in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors of the power system. In this paper, the value of DG — installed as an online power source for typical industrial distribution network in Saudi Arabia — is quantified by reliability indices that include System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) and Energy Not Supplied (ENS). The study outcomes will provide power system engineers with the reliability benefits of DG penetration and an approach to assessing its installations, based on different factors such as size and location.

scholarly journals Stochastic Planning and Operational Constraint Assessment of System-Customer Power Supply Risks in Electricity Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikka Kisuule ◽  
Ignacio Hernando-Gil ◽  
Jonathan Serugunda ◽  
Jane Namaganda-Kiyimba ◽  
Mike Brian Ndawula
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Test System ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
The Impact

Electricity distribution network operators face several operational constraints in the provision of safe and reliable power given that investments for network area reinforcement must be commensurate with improvements in network reliability. This paper provides an integrated approach for assessing the impact of different operational constraints on distribution network reliability by incorporating component lifetime models, time-varying component failure rates as well as the monetary cost of customer interruptions in an all-inclusive probabilistic methodology that applies a time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation. A test distribution network based on the Roy Billinton test system is modelled to investigate the system performance when overloading limits are exceeded as well as when preventive maintenance is performed. Standard reliability indices measuring the frequency and duration of interruptions, and the energy not supplied are complemented with a novel monetary reliability index. The comprehensive assessment includes not only average indices but also their probability distributions to adequately describe the risk of customer interruptions. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of this holistic approach as the impacts of operational decisions are assessed from both reliability and monetary perspectives. This informs network planning decisions through optimum investments and consideration of customer outage costs.

scholarly journals Increasing Electric Vehicle Penetration Using Smart Switching and Emergency Uprating

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuran Liu ◽  
Meng Cheng ◽  
Qinhao Xing ◽  
Yizhe Jiang ◽  
Qianliang Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Test System ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
The Impact

One of the key challenges facing distribution network operators today is the expected increase in electric vehicles. The increased load from EV charging will result in distribution assets becoming “thermally overloaded” due to higher operating temperatures. In addition to the issue of increased load, we have a limited understanding of the behavior and performance of the distribution assets and their potential to accept the increased load. It has been well acknowledged that EVs increase the network loading level, leading to a reduced system reliability performance. These results have not been quantified in a realistic case study, including actual cable rating and design properties. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel methodology in the existing power network reliability evaluation framework, which quantifies the impact of different EV penetration levels on distribution network reliability, and the thermal performance of distribution cables. Novel approaches using smart switching technology and emergency uprating are proposed to reduce the peak power demand caused by EVs, in order to reinforce the reliability of the grid and to boost the maximum allowable EV penetration in the distribution networks. The methodology was applied using a case study on the modified EV-integrated RBTS (Roy Billinton Test System) bus four distribution network. The results showed that the negative impact of EVs on network performance can be mitigated by the implementation of smart switching technology. The peak demand under contingencies can also be accepted by the cables though emergency uprating. The frequency and duration of EV demand interruption was also significantly reduced. Thus, a higher EV penetration can be accommodated.

scholarly journals Impact of distributed power generation on protection coordination in distribution network

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Zineb El Idrissi ◽  
Faissal El Mariami ◽  
Abdelaziz Belfqih ◽  
Touria Haidi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Electric Power Sector ◽  
Coordination Systems ◽  
The Impact

<p>In the whole world and especially in Morocco, the electric power sector faces significant challenges and the demand for energy is increasing as fossil fuel sources are disappearing. Moreover, the high cost of construction of large production plants and the obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are among the factors pushing the energy sector to integrate distributed generators DGs based on renewable energies into power grids. However, the integration of these generators increased the values of short-circuit currents in the network, which poses a real threat to the existing protection coordination systems in the distribution network. The aim of this article is to bring together in a single platform all available research addressing the issue of protection coordination in the presence of DGs in the distribution network, in order to help researchers identify future scope. This paper presents a review of the impact of distributed generators on the protection coordination of distribution networks. The solutions proposed in the literature, to mitigate the negative impact of DGs, have been investigated in detail, along with the limitations of these proposed techniques.</p>

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