scholarly journals Mining Hidden and Fragmented API Usages in Android Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9048
Author(s):  
Mingwan Kim ◽  
Neunghoe Kim
Keyword(s):  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Code Completion ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
The Common ◽  
Api Usage ◽  
Programming Interface ◽  
Android Api

Application Programming Interface (API) usage mining is an approach used to extract the common API usage to help developers get used to the APIs. However, in Android applications, the usage can be hidden or fragmented due to class inheritance. Such hidden or fragmented usages could decrease the coverage and accuracy of the existing API mining approaches. Our method aims to resolve the problem of hidden and fragmented usages through API generalization. This generalized usage is expected to be applicable to every class that inherits a class in the usage. In the experiment, among 442,809 Android API usages, 104,839 usages either were hidden or fragmented. By revealing such usages, the accuracy of the code completion was improved by at most 6.66%. The usage generalization was efficient for extracting API usages in Android applications in which the APIs are used through class inheritance.

scholarly journals APIfix: output-oriented program synthesis for combating breaking changes in libraries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Arjun Radhakrishna ◽  
Gustavo Soares ◽  
Ridwan Shariffdeen ◽  
Sumit Gulwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Synthesis ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Synthesis Algorithm ◽  
Transformation Rules ◽  
Art Program ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Api Usage ◽  
Programming Interface

Use of third-party libraries is extremely common in application software. The libraries evolve to accommodate new features or mitigate security vulnerabilities, thereby breaking the Application Programming Interface(API) used by the software. Such breaking changes in the libraries may discourage client code from using the new library versions thereby keeping the application vulnerable and not up-to-date. We propose a novel output-oriented program synthesis algorithm to automate API usage adaptations via program transformation. Our aim is not only to rely on the few example human adaptations of the clients from the old library version to the new library version, since this can lead to over-fitting transformation rules. Instead, we also rely on example usages of the new updated library in clients, which provide valuable context for synthesizing and applying the transformation rules. Our tool APIFix provides an automated mechanism to transform application code using the old library versions to code using the new library versions - thereby achieving automated API usage adaptation to fix the effect of breaking changes. Our evaluation shows that the transformation rules inferred by APIFix achieve 98.7% precision and 91.5% recall. By comparing our approach to state-of-the-art program synthesis approaches, we show that our approach significantly reduces over-fitting while synthesizing transformation rules for API usage adaptations.

scholarly journals Ransomware Detection System for Android Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Alsoghyer ◽  
Iman Almomani
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
Programming Interface ◽  
Unique Dataset

Android ransomware is one of the most threatening attacks nowadays. Ransomware in general encrypts or locks the files on the victim’s device and requests a payment in order to recover them. The available technologies are not enough as new ransomwares employ a combination of techniques to evade anti-virus detection. Moreover, the literature counts only a few studies that have proposed static and/or dynamic approaches to detect Android ransomware in particular. Additionally, there are plenty of open-source malware datasets; however, the research community is still lacking ransomware datasets. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of Android ransomware detection approaches were investigated. A deep comparative analysis was conducted which shed the key differences among the existing solutions. An application programming interface (API)-based ransomware detection system (API-RDS) was proposed to provide a static analysis paradigm for detecting Android ransomware apps. API-RDS focuses on examining API packages’ calls as leading indicator of ransomware activity to discriminate ransomware with high accuracy before it harms the user’s device. API packages’ calls of both benign and ransomware apps were thoroughly analyzed and compared. Significant API packages with corresponding methods were identified. The experimental results show that API-RDS outperformed other recent related approaches. API-RDS achieved 97% accuracy while reducing the complexity of the classification model by 26% due to features reduction. Moreover, this research designed a proactive mechanism based on a high quality unique ransomware dataset without duplicated samples. 2959 ransomware samples were collected, tested and reduced by almost 83% due to samples duplication. This research also contributes to constructing an up-to-date, unique dataset that covers the majority of existing Android ransomware families and recent clean apps that could be used as a labeled reference for research community.

Sistem Pengawasan Aktifitas Penggunaan Smartphone Android

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Rudianto Rudianto ◽  
Eko Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Image Content ◽  
Image File ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Programming Interface

Availability the Application Programming Interface (API) for third-party applications on Android devices provides an opportunity to monitor Android devices with each other. This is used to create an application that can facilitate parents in child supervision through Android devices owned. In this study, some features added to the classification of image content on Android devices related to negative content. In this case, researchers using Clarifai API. The result of this research is to produce a system which has feature, give a report of image file contained in target smartphone and can do deletion on the image file, receive browser history report and can directly visit in the application, receive a report of child location and can be directly contacted via this application. This application works well on the Android Lollipop (API Level 22). Index Terms— Application Programming Interface(API), Monitoring, Negative Content, Children, Parent.

scholarly journals Advanced soft robot modeling in ChainQueen

Robotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Andrew Spielberg ◽  
Tao Du ◽  
Yuanming Hu ◽  
Daniela Rus ◽  
Wojciech Matusik
Keyword(s):  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Material Point ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Soft Robot ◽  
Inference Control ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Efficient Simulation ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Robot Modeling ◽  
Programming Interface

Abstract We present extensions to ChainQueen, an open source, fully differentiable material point method simulator for soft robotics. Previous work established ChainQueen as a powerful tool for inference, control, and co-design for soft robotics. We detail enhancements to ChainQueen, allowing for more efficient simulation and optimization and expressive co-optimization over material properties and geometric parameters. We package our simulator extensions in an easy-to-use, modular application programming interface (API) with predefined observation models, controllers, actuators, optimizers, and geometric processing tools, making it simple to prototype complex experiments in 50 lines or fewer. We demonstrate the power of our simulator extensions in over nine simulated experiments.

A Layered Mapping of Ada 202X to OpenMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
S. Tucker Taft
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Thread Scheduling ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Parallel Loops ◽  
Programming Interface

The OpenMP specification defines a set of compiler directives, library routines, and environment variables that together represent the OpenMP Application Programming Interface, and is currently defined for C, C++, and Fortran. The forthcoming version of Ada, currently dubbed Ada 202X, includes lightweight parallelism features, in particular parallel blocks and parallel loops. All versions of Ada, since its inception in 1983, have included "tasking," which corresponds to what are traditionally considered "heavyweight" parallelism features, or simply "concurrency" features. Ada "tasks" typically map to what are called "kernel threads," in that the operating system manages them and schedules them. However, one of the goals of lightweight parallelism is to reduce overhead by doing more of the management outside the kernel of the operating system, using a light-weight-thread (LWT) scheduler. The OpenMP library routines support both levels of threading, but for Ada 202X, the main interest is in making use of OpenMP for its lightweight thread scheduling capabilities.

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